新型3UPS+1RPU混联机床的静刚度与动态特性分析

以一种新型3UPS+1RPU混联机床作为研究对象,对该混联机床在不同位姿下的刚度和动态特性进行研究。首先运用Solid Works对该混联机床建立三维实体模型,然后导入到有限元分析软件ANSYS Workbench进行刚度分析,找出了机床刚度的薄弱部位,通过比较得知位姿α下机床的刚度好于位姿β,并得出刚度随位姿变化的规律。然后进行模态分析,得到不同位姿下机床的1~6阶固有频率和振型,找出机床运动过程中易发生共振的位置;在模态分析的基础上,对该混联机床进行谐响应分析,得出动平台在X,Y,Z轴方向的位移响应曲线,找出该机床应该避开的敏感频率,并通过比较得知位姿α下的混联机床动态特性好于位姿β。因此得出结论:机床在加工零件的过程当中,应尽量避免达到极限位置(位姿β),从而使机床保持较高的刚度和较好的动态特性。     

振动模态测试技术在金刚石圆盘锯横梁结构优化的应用研究

通过实验模态测试与有限元理论分析相结合的方法，对金刚石圆盘锯的模态特性进行了研究，分别获取了金刚石圆盘锯的各阶固有频率，并用模态测试的实验数据验证、修正了有限元分析的理论模型，以准确的有限元理论模型为基础对金刚石圆盘锯的横梁部件进行了结构优化设计研究。减少了金刚石圆盘锯横梁的刚度冗余，在保证横梁静、动态性能略有提高的条件下，实现横梁的减重设计要求。     

三自由度高刚度机器人动态特性分析与测试

建立三自由度高刚度机器人有限元模型并对其进行静、动态特性分析。对比分析制动器动作对机器人的刚度、固有频率和机器人在外力作用下的稳态响应的影响;对样机进行实验测试分析。结果表明：所提制动器结构方案能提高机器人的刚度和固有频率以及降低操作器末端的振幅,能够改善机器人工作时的动态特性。     

嵌入式共固化阻尼复合材料十字型加筋板的自由振动

为大幅度地提高嵌入式共固化复合材料阻尼结构固有频率,优化其刚度,以嵌入式共固化阻尼复合材料薄板为研究对象,利用有限元的方法对比分析了该结构薄板及十字加筋薄板固有振动特性,并得到了筋材薄壁宽度和高度对结构固有频率的影响规律。结果表明：加强筋大大提高了薄板结构的固有频率和刚度,加筋薄板结构的各阶固有频率随着加强筋高度增大而增加,其中一阶固有频率增加幅度最大。增加加强筋宽度可以提高薄板结构的各阶固有频率,随着加强筋宽度的增加,固有频率的增加幅度减小。     

嵌入式共固化阻尼复合材料十字型加筋板的自由振动（英文）

为大幅度地提高嵌入式共固化复合材料阻尼结构固有频率,优化其刚度,以嵌入式共固化阻尼复合材料薄板为研究对象,利用有限元的方法对比分析了该结构薄板及十字加筋薄板固有振动特性,并得到了筋材薄壁宽度和高度对结构固有频率的影响规律。结果表明:加强筋大大提高了薄板结构的固有频率和刚度,加筋薄板结构的各阶固有频率随着加强筋高度增大而增加,其中一阶固有频率增加幅度最大。增加加强筋宽度可以提高薄板结构的各阶固有频率,随着加强筋宽度的增加,固有频率的增加幅度减小。     

6杆并联机床典型位姿下的振动测试分析

并联机床由于其强非线性的特性,且在不同位姿下它的振动特性是不同的。所以在通过试验测得并联机床在典型位姿下的振动信号,并对振动信号进行频域分析得到机床在典型位姿下的功率谱的基础上,应用功率谱分析初步得到机床的振动特性。再利用测试分析软件得到并联机床的在此位姿下的固有频率。最后用有限元分析软件ANSYS Workbench对机床的在典型位姿下进行有限元模态分析,并得到了并联机床在典型位姿下的振动特性。通过对比试验分析与有限元分析并进行灵敏度的分析得到了有限元模型的修改方向。对并联机床的优化提供了数据的支持。     

40MN钢丝缠绕多向模锻液压机机架有限元模态分析

运用有限元软件ABAQUS6.8对40 MN钢丝缠绕多向模锻液压机机架进行了模态分析,得到前十阶固有频率和相应振型,分析了各阶振型对液压机性能的影响,同时研究了预紧系数对机架固有频率的影响.结果表明,机架整体刚度和质量分布均衡,最小固有频率16.3 Hz,钢丝缠绕预紧作用使机架固有频率提高约7%.为液压机结构动态设计及...     

基于IPSO算法的机器人抓取系统刚度优化研究

微小型工业机器人以其强耦合性、可扩展性、高精度被广泛应用到各行业,然而大多数机器人以串联型为主,其结构弱刚度问题会导致机器人动作时产生振动从而影响整体稳定性。以服务型机器人为研究对象,为保证机器人结构刚度以及抓取物体过程的稳定性,对机器人整体结构刚度进行优化。对机器人进行运动学静态建模,利用刚度等效原理计算机器人关节刚度;在抓取位姿范围约束下,将机器人末端刚度椭球半轴长作为优化指标,采用改进粒子群算法(IPSO)对机器人在不同抓取位姿的刚度进行优化,并将结果与遗传算法、粒子群算法的优化结果进行对比;通过ANSYS有限元分析和实验对比机器人优化前后的末端变形量,结果表明：基于IPSO算法的机器人抓取系统刚度优化对提高机器人整体稳定性具有一定意义。     

打磨机器人不同位姿下的刚度特性研究

针对机器人在加工应用中的弱刚性问题,对串联机器人打磨过程中的位姿进行优化以提高操作刚度。文章以ABB公司IRB6700六自由度串联机器人为研究对象,研究了该机器人在不同位姿下的刚度特性。首先以该型号机器人的连杆及结构参数,建立机器人各连杆坐标系,推导出其运动学方程及雅克比矩阵。其次忽略机器人臂杆刚度,建立了考虑关节刚度的机器人末端静刚度模型。最后研究了机器人在不同位姿下的刚度特性,以优化机器人末端刚度为目的,得到了该型号机器人在本打磨工况下的最优加工位姿。     

内嵌式快刀伺服机构的静态特性分析与实验验证

基于音圈电机驱动研制一种内嵌式快刀伺服装置,该装置结构紧凑,导向精度高,并运用Workbench进行了有限元仿真。静态分析得到气浮装置的应力应变分布情况,获得零部件最大变形量和最大应力值;模态分析得到气浮装置各阶固有频率和振型,并通过模态实验进行对比,验证有限元模型的合理性。分析结果表明:增加刚性支撑可提高快刀伺服装置固有频率,能有效避免"共振"现象发生。该设计方案能够实现大行程高刚度切削加工要求。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。