西南稀土矿的矿石性质及分选工艺研究

研究了西南稀土矿的矿石性质及分选工艺．原矿风化强烈，产生大约２０％的黑色风化物矿泥。－矿石中可工业利用的稀土赋存形式有矿物相和胶态相。矿物相稀土以氟碳铈矿为主，占９６％以上，重选或重浮选联合工艺可得到ＲＥＯ３０％，５０％和６０％的氟碳铈矿精矿，稀土回收率６５％。胶态相稀土则吸附在Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ非晶质氧化物矿物上，用热盐酸浸出，氨水除杂，草酸沉淀回收稀土，稀土回收率７４．３％，并副产铅。矿石和黑色风化物中稀土都强烈选择铈族稀土，∑ＣｅＯ２在９０％以上，且ＣｅＯ２＞Ｌａ２Ｏ３＞Ｎｄ２Ｏ３。     

四川昌北M稀土矿床稀土元素的赋存状态及其配分特征

昌北M稀土矿是我国西南地区唯一的大型轻稀土矿床。它不仅含有丰富的轻稀土,而且铕、钇等中重稀土较国内外同类型矿床高。该矿的特点是工业稀土矿物单一,矿石易采、易选、易冶。矿石中90%左右的REO呈稀土矿物产出,其中氟碳铈矿占稀土矿物总量的80%～97%。矿石和主要稀土矿物的REE配分均属Ce>La>Nd富LREE的强选择配分型。矿石中轻稀土配分值高达97.48%～98.81%。矿石中Eu、Y配分值较高,而氟碳铈矿反而比矿石低。矿石中的黑色风化土状物富含次生稀土,其Eu、Y配分值比矿石、氟碳铈矿都高。     

氟碳铈矿型稀土矿石工艺矿物学研究

采用MLA技术结合显微镜,对某氟碳铈矿型稀土矿进行详细的工艺矿物学研究,定量测定其矿物组成、粒度、解离度、稀土在矿石中的赋存状态等工艺矿物学参数。结果表明:矿石中的稀土矿物种类较多,可分为稀土碳酸盐、磷酸盐和稀土硅酸盐三类矿物,但是以氟碳铈矿为主;尾矿中的重晶石和萤石都可综合回收利用;若回收碳酸稀土和磷酸稀土,预测本矿石稀土的理论回收率为89%左右。     

西南某稀土矿黑色风化物中胶态相稀土提取研究

本文讨论了西南某氟碳铈矿黑色风化物的组成及稀土赋存状态。稀土以胶体态沉积在Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ氧化物非晶质矿物上，是一种具有工业利用价值的新型赋存形式的稀土资源。研究了用热盐酸浸出，氨水调ｐＨ值除杂，并分别利用溶剂萃取，草酸沉淀及硫酸钠复盐沉淀等三种方法回收稀土，副产氯化铅和铁锰渣。其中稀土回收率在７０％，铅回收率５３％。还制定了从黑色风化物中回收胶态相稀土的原则工艺流程。     

西南某稀土矿有价元素的综合利用探讨

本文根据西南某稀土矿的矿石性质，探讨了该矿可利用的稀土（氟碳铈矿），钡（重晶石）和氟（萤石）等有价元素的综合利用价值。特别是对该风化矿泥中胶态相稀土的赋存形式进行了化学解析，得出了它是一种新的稀土资源，可用热盐酸浸取回收。     

越南Dong Pao稀土矿的选矿方法研究

矿石储量约110万吨的Dong Pao小型氟碳铈矿矿床位于越南的最北端。在重晶石-氟石-氟碳铈矿矿化过程中形成的碳酸盐矿体,其部位和成因与第三纪碱性岩岩浆作用有密切联系。该矿床的特点在于形成了厚度超过30m的剧烈风化带,从而明显提高了稀土含量。而矿石的成因和共生组合决定了选矿工艺的复杂性。根据实验室和半工业试验,提出一种对氟碳铈矿稀土矿石来说属非常规的选矿方法,即作为一个主要工序在第一阶段对原矿石进行洗选。洗选后的细粒产品中含有30％的稀土氧化物,稀土回收率为63％。这种品位相当低的精矿,由于其性能特殊,需采用一种新的分解方法进行冶金加工。其特点是在温度仅仅200—300℃的条件下,用硫酸进行固相化学分解。该选矿方法的其它工序还包括重晶石精矿浮选,和提取含有约38％稀土氧化物的二次氟碳铈矿精矿的强磁场磁选,二次精矿可与一次精矿混合。     

2003年上半年日本稀土行业概况

2002年稀土矿产量换算成氧化物是8．7万吨，2003年上半年1～6月推算是9万吨，比上一年稍有增长。主要增长矿石是四川省的氟碳铈矿，其他矿石大体与去年持平。稀土价格也未见有大的升落。     

甘肃某稀土多金属矿工艺矿物学研究

对甘肃某稀有多金属矿进行了系统的工艺矿物学研究,查明矿石中稀土总量约为2.1%,稀土元素主要为镧系元素Ce、La,少量Nd、Pr,微量Dy、Sm、Tm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Y、Lu、Ho,矿石为低品位稀土矿,稀土矿物主要为氟碳钙铈矿,其次为氟碳铈矿和独居石。矿石中的稀土矿物嵌布复杂,稀土颗粒单晶细小,属较难处理的矿石类型。     

SO_2脱除黑色风化物中锰及回收稀土的研究

本文针对四川冕宁稀土矿床中含锰高（１７．５６％ ）的黑色风化物难以用氯化法回收稀土这一问题,采用ＳＯ２ 作为还原剂,在液固比３∶１ 的条件下,常温浸取黑色风化物中的锰,经３ｈ 通ＳＯ２ 浸取,锰浸出率达９０％ 以上。经预处理脱锰的浸渣,进一步采用氯化铵焙烧－ 水浸方法回收稀土,稀土浸出率达７５．６％ 。     

白云鄂博白云石型稀土-铁矿石工艺矿物学研究

采用化学分析、能谱分析、扫描电镜、全自动矿物分析系统(MLA)等分析手段对白云鄂博白云石型稀土-铁矿石中化学元素、粒度组成、矿物解离度和嵌布特征等进行研究。结果表明,矿石中铁的含量为15.52%,稀土氧化物含量为6.56%;矿石中可利用的铁矿物主要为磁铁矿,稀土矿物主要为氟碳铈矿和独居石,氟碳铈矿中La、Ce、Pr、Nd的相对含量为66.39%(原子分数),独居石中La、Ce、Pr、Nd的相对含量为61.33%(原子分数),脉石矿物主要是白云石、萤石和磷灰石等;磁铁矿多以半自形至他形粒状变晶结构以及集合体形式出现,与稀土和脉石矿物共生关系密切,20μm～74μm粒级之间,分布率为63.23%;氟碳铈矿常以星散状和不规则粒状集合体嵌布在脉石中,主要分布在43μm以下;独居石粒度大小以及在矿石中的嵌布特征与氟碳铈矿基本相同,常呈粒状或椭粒状嵌布在脉石矿物中;磨矿细度-74μm占90%时磁铁矿、氟碳铈矿和独居石的单体解离度分别为87.21%、77.36%和69.44%。因此,矿石细磨和微细粒高效分选是解决现有问题的关键。     

Existing State and Partitioning of Rare Earth on Weathered Ores

The existing state and partitioning of rare earth （RE） on weathered ores in Longnan County（LN）, Xingfeng County（XF） and Ninghua County（NH） were characterized systematically by standard geological analytical methods. It is found that RE in the weathered rare earth ores exist as four phases： （a） water soluble, （b） ion-exchangeable, （c） colloidal sediment （oxides）, （d） minerals, in which mainly as ion exchangeable phase, accounting for nearly 80% of total RE, with about 20% in the form of colloid sediment phase and mineral phase, but very little as aqueous soluble phase. These rare earth partitioning were mainly chosen mid-heavy RE elements, occupying above 60%, but not equal in the four phases. The mid-heavy RE elements were primarily enriched in the ion exchangeable phase up to 40%, while the containment of cerium dioxide is below 2 %. The cerium deficiency occurs in the ion exchangeable phase in weathered ore. It results from that the Ce^3＋ is oxidized into Ce^4＋ and changes into CeO2. For LN ore, the containment of Y is high in weathered ore because Y-minerals are abundant in original rock.     

Study on the Formation of Crystalline Rare Earth Carbonates from Rare Earth Ore Leaching Liquors

The crystalline precipitate of rare earth carbonates has been produced by the ammonium bicar-bonate precipitation method in the recovery of RE from the ammonium sulfate leaching liquor of the weath-ered leach-deposited rare earth ore.Various influencing factors such as time,temperature and reagent con-centration have been studied.And chemical analysis,XRD,SEM,IR spectrography,TGA and DTA havebeen used to analyze and examine the crystalline RE carbonates.Good results were obtained.     

风化壳淋积型稀土矿矿石性质及稀土在各粒级上的分布

研究了风化壳淋积型稀土矿矿石性质及稀土在各粒级上的含量。采用热重分析、EDTA容量法、紫外分光光度法、原子吸收分光光度法、甲醛容量法等测试手段,对矿石的多水性、吸附稀土离子的稳定性、原矿的缓冲性、吸附离子的可交换性这四大物理化学性质进行了验证,对稀土在各粒级上的含量进行了测定,为进一步合理利用该矿石资源提供理论指导。     

四川某稀土矿磁-重联合分选试验探索研究

以四川某矿区稀土矿为研究对象,通过对矿石工艺矿物学的分析,该矿石中稀土矿物以氟碳铈矿为主,有较高的回收价值。其他矿物主要为长石和石英,其次是重晶石、萤石、云母等。为合理回收稀土矿物,对其分选工艺进行了探索试验,结果表明,通过磁选-摇床重选-再磁选的工艺流程,在原矿品位6.21%左右,闭路试验可以得到REO品位55.43%、回收率79%左右的稀土精矿,回收指标较好。     

Research and Development of Rare Earth Advanced Materials in China

ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｎｄＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＲａｒｅＥａｒｔｈＡｄｖａｎｃｅｄＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａＷａｎｇＤｉａｎｚｕｏ（王淀佐），ＷａｎＱｕｎ（万群），ＹａｎｇＹｕｃｈｕｎ（杨遇春）（ＧｅｎｅｒａｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ...     

Process mineralogy of Weishan rare earth ore by MLA

Mineral liberation analyser (MLA) was applied to quantitatively analyze the rare earth ore from Weishan in Shandong. Mineralogy parameters, such as mineral composition, occurrence states of rare earth elements (REEs) and valuable elements, mineral embedded grain size distribution, mineral association and liberation, are obtained. Results show that the contents of REEs and other valuable elements mainly contained in the ore were La 1.02 wt%, Ce 4.29 wt%, Pr 0.34 wt%, Nd 0.84 wt%, Sr 3.4 wt% and Ba 26.53 wt%, respectively. The REEs mainly occur in bastnaesite and carbocernaite in the form of independent mineral and the contents of bastnaesite and carbocernaite in the ore were 5.96 wt% and 12.30 wt%, respectively. 67.34% of strontium occurs in carbocernaite and the rest occurs in celestobarite and strontianite mineral. 92.71% of barium occurs in barite. Liberation of main rare-earth minerals such as bastnaesite and carbocernaite is more than 80% when the grinding fineness is 78.42% passing 74 μm. The research results could be employed to provide detailed basic theoretical data for further improvement of the beneficiation process flow and the processing index of rare earth ore, the recycling of other valuable minerals and the comprehensive utilization of tailings.     

复合铵盐浸出风化壳淋积型稀土矿的研究

采用复合铵盐作浸出剂浸出风化壳淋积型稀土矿中的稀土。考察浸出剂的配比、浓度、液固比、流速、pH等因素对稀土浸出率的影响。结果表明,NH4Cl、NH4NO3、(NH4)2SO4质量比为4∶5∶6的复合铵盐浸出剂为最佳组合;液固比越大、流速越慢,浸出率越高;当浸出剂浓度为10g/L、pH=3.5时浸出效果最好。     

浸出条件对稀土和铁浸出率的影响试验

以稀土精矿浓硫酸焙烧工艺中焙烧矿水浸过程为对象,研究了焙烧矿浸出温度、浸出时间、焙烧矿粒度等条件对稀土、铁浸出率的影响,并对水浸渣中稀土赋存状态进行了研究。研究表明,浸出温度和焙烧矿粒度对稀土、铁的浸出速率有较大影响,但对其浸出率没有影响,延长浸出时间,焙烧矿中的可溶性稀土、铁均可被浸出。水浸渣中的稀土主要以磷酸盐和氟氧化稀土形式存在,铁主要以磷酸铁形式存在,并含有少量硫化铁。     

滇东南建水稀土矿稀土数值特征及研究意义

为查明建水稀土矿的稀土数值特征,在长岭岗岩体风化壳的黏土层、全风化层、半风化层、弱风化层中采集了82件样品,进行全相稀土氧化物、离子相稀土氧化物质量分数分析,包括全相稀土氧化物的质量分数、离子相稀土氧化物的质量分数、全相与离子相稀土氧化物质量分数的相关系数、全相稀土氧化物在各个风化层位中的变化系数、离子相稀土氧化物在各个风化层位中的变化系数、结晶相稀土氧化物的质量分数。经资料整理,黏土层、全风化层、半风化层、弱风化层中的稀土数值有明显差异。造成稀土数值差异的主要原因为:成矿母岩的风化程度,稀土矿物离解程度,离子相稀土氧化物的迁移富集程度。加强稀土数值的研究,有助于深化风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿的成矿机理认识。     

Enhancing mineral liberation of a Canadian rare earth ore with microwave pretreatment

Liberation, as an attribute of mineralogy characteristic, whose impacts on finely disseminated Canadian rare earth ore was studied with microwave pretreatment. Samples of a light rare earth ore along with mostly ankerite and biotite as dominant gangue minerals as well as bastnaesite, strontianite and goethite as dominated minerals were exposed to further comminution by ball mill and microwave pretreatment fragmentation. Mineralogical characteristics were analyzed by using a mineral liberation analyzer (MLA). The results indicated that tight association mutually penetrates among dominated minerals in the range size of ?300 + 212 μm and ?212 + 150 μm and gangue minerals in the form of adjacent type, fine vein type, shell type and packing type. Temperature in the ore samples pre-treated by microwave can rapidly rise to 250 °C with microwave power of 0–1.5 kW and microwave time of 0–2 min. Applying the microwave pretreatment merely reduces the hardness of the ore causing the fracture of rare earth ore, but this does not transform or change the original mineralogy characteristics of the ore samples. On the basis of above study, the liberation value of bastnaesite, strontianite and goethite with microwave pretreatment is greater than with conventional comminution when the liberation class is above 75%. The distribution of particle size of rare earth ore samples is better with microwave pretreatment than with conventional comminution for particle size of 7.4 × 10^?5 m. With microwave pretreatment, the theoretical grade–recovery of bastnaesite, strontianite and goethite in the rare earth ore attains better results than with conventional comminution at a given grade.