F-T柴油对直喷式柴油机燃烧和排放的影响

在两种不同供油提前角下研究了燃用F-T柴油对直喷式柴油机燃烧和排放特性的影响,结果表明:发动机不做任何调整时,与0号柴油相比,燃用F-T柴油的滞燃期较短,预混燃烧放热峰值较低,扩散燃烧放热峰值较高,最高燃烧压力和最大压力升高率较低,燃油消耗率和热效率都得到了改善,HC、CO、NOx和碳烟排放同时降低。当供油提前角推迟3℃A时,燃用F-T柴油燃烧持续期明显缩短,预混燃烧放热峰值、最高燃烧压力和最大压力升高率进一步降低,扩散燃烧放热峰值略有升高,燃油消耗率变化不大,NOx排放进一步降低, HC、CO和碳烟略有增加,其中HC排放与原柴油机相当,而CO和碳烟仍远低于原柴油机。     

高速直喷柴油机的燃烧特性和排放试验研究

本文对一台四缸高速直喷柴油机的燃烧和排放特性进行了试验研究,分析研究了负荷及燃油喷射压力和供油提前角对该柴油机的着火延迟、瞬时放热率、NOx、CO及HC排放的影响。结果显示随着负荷及燃油喷射压力的提高着火延迟缩短、NOx排放增加;随着供油提前角的推迟NOx排放显著减少;而CO和HC的排放量与负荷及供油提前角的关系不大。     

直喷式柴油机燃用二甲基醚(DME)试验研究

介绍了在1100单缸直喷式柴油机上燃用DME的发动机试验研究结果。研究表明：通过增加循环供油量可使柴油机燃用DME后恢复到原机略低，同时缸内最大爆发压力降低，发动机碳烟排放为零，HC和CO排放比原机略高，NOx排放比原柴油机降低约50%以上，供油提前角减少，缺内最大爆发压力降低，NOx排放可进一步大幅度降低，但HC排放略有升高；加大喷孔直径，缸内爆发压力升高，NOx排放升高，HC和CO排放在中低负荷相差不大，但在大负荷工况有所升高。     

降低酸化油生物柴油NOx和烟度排放的试验研究

本文主要针对降低柴油机燃用酸化油生物柴油及其混合燃料的NOx、烟度排放的方法进行了试验研究。采用乙醇/生物柴油混合燃料法和推迟供油提前角两种方法在R4105T型柴油机上进行了试验。结果表明,在不影响动力性前提下燃用添加5%的乙醇的混合柴油,NOx及碳烟的排放均有明显下降。推迟供油提前角能有效的降低NOx的排放,但碳烟排放量增加,功率下降,燃料经济性变差。     

降低酸化油生物柴油NO_x和烟度排放的试验研究

本文主要针对降低柴油机燃用酸化油生物柴油及其混合燃料的NOx、烟度排放的方法进行了试验研究。采用乙醇/生物柴油混合燃料法和推迟供油提前角两种方法在R4105T型柴油机上进行了试验。结果表明,在不影响动力性前提下燃用添加5%的乙醇的混合柴油,NOx及碳烟的排放均有明显下降。推迟供油提前角能有效的降低NOx的排放,但碳烟排放量增加,功率下降,燃料经济性变差。     

供油提前角对生物柴油发动机性能影响的研究

在一台4缸涡轮增压直喷式柴油机上进行了柴油、生物柴油和生物柴油混合燃料的对比试验,研究了供油提前角对生物柴油发动机的动力性、经济性和排放特性的影响.研究结果表明:推迟供油提前角后生物柴油的动力性下降,对于B0和B20混合燃料,供油提前角提前2°CA时动力性最好,对于B100燃料,原机的供油提前角的动力性最好;柴油机供油提前角提前,3种燃料的经济性稍有改善,碳烟排放减少,NOx排放增多,在高转速时HC和CO排放基本不变.     

供油提前角对柴油/甲醇混合燃料燃烧排放性能的影响

添加助溶剂并使用超声波振动形成混合均匀的柴油/甲醇混合燃料,通过柴油机台架试验,分析供油提前角变化对柴油/甲醇混合燃料燃烧排放的影响。试验结果表明:供油提前角提前,柴油/甲醇混合燃料的有效燃油消耗率降低。随着供油提前角减小,混合燃料滞燃期缩短,供油提前角为21°CA时,混合燃料的燃烧持续期最短,增加或减少供油提前角都将延长燃烧持续期。供油提前角变化对柴油/甲醇混合燃料的排放有较大影响,推迟供油,混合燃料的烟度排放和CO排放增加,NOx排放与HC排放降低。     

富氧燃烧对柴油机排放特性的影响

柴油机因其废气中的碳烟排放高而被排除在清洁发动机之外。减少碳烟排放的一种方法是增加缸内空气的氧含量，使燃烧更彻底充分进行。本文介绍了在S195柴油机上进行富氧燃烧试验。对其排放特性进行比较与分析，通过试验研究，找到在富氧条件下同时降低碳烟和NOx排放的方法。     

机电联合控制LPG-柴油双燃料增压发动机的研究

对增压柴油机燃用 L PG-柴油双燃料、采用 2种机电联合控制方案进行了较为深入的研究 ,对比分析了原柴油机和机电联合控制 L PG-柴油双燃料发动机的动力性、燃料经济性和碳烟、NOx、CO、HC排放。机电联合控制方案 1的试验研究表明 :掺烧 L PG后 ,可以显著地降低柴油机的碳烟排放 ;但在小负荷范围内 ,燃料消耗率略有增加 ,HC、CO排放增加较多。机电联合控制方案 2的试验研究表明 :双燃料发动机和原柴油机外特性相比 ,转矩几乎不降低 ,燃料消耗率略有下降 ,碳烟排放显著降低 ,NOx、CO排放变化不大 ,HC排放增加 ;双燃料发动机和原柴油机负荷特性相比 ,燃料消耗率在小负荷范围内持平而在中等以上负荷略有下降 ,碳烟排放显著降低 ,NOx 排放变化不大 ,HC、CO排放在小负荷范围内基本相同而在中等以上负荷略有增加。     

DME预混比和柴油供油提前角对PCCI发动机性能影响

在一台2105柴油机上采用进气道预混DME一缸内直喷柴油的复合方式实现PCCI燃烧,研究了DME预混比和柴油供油提前角对预混合压燃(premixed charge compression ignition,PCCI)发动机燃烧、排放特性和燃油经济性影响。研究结果表明:随DME预混比增加,PCCI发动机燃烧始点逐渐前移,缸内压力峰值增大,放热过程由两阶段放热变成三阶段放热,且放热率曲线整体前移,NO_x、碳烟排放和当量燃油消耗率均降低,而CO和HC排放及有效热效率均逐渐升高;随柴油供油提前角增大,PCCI发动机燃烧始点相应提前,缸内压力峰值逐渐增大,放热过程由三阶段放热变成两阶段放热,NO_x排放大幅升高,碳烟排放明显下降,CO和HC排放及当量燃油消耗率先下降后增加,而有效热效率则先升高后降低,     

An insight on hydrogen fuel injection techniques with SCR system for NOX reduction in a hydrogen–diesel dual fuel engine

Internal combustion engines continue to dominate in many fields like transportation, agriculture and power generation. Among the various alternative fuels, hydrogen is a long-term renewable and less polluting fuel (Produced from renewable energy sources). In the present experimental investigation, the performance and emission characteristics were studied on a direct injection diesel engine in dual fuel mode with hydrogen inducted along with air adopting carburetion, timed port and manifold injection techniques. Results showed that in timed port injection, the specific energy consumption reduces by 15% and smoke level by 18%. The brake thermal efficiency and NO_X increases by 17% and 34% respectively compared to baseline diesel. The variation in performance between port and manifold injection is not significant. The unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions are lesser in port injection. The oxides of nitrogen are higher in hydrogen operation (both port and manifold injection) compared to diesel engine. In order to reduce the NO_X emissions, a selective catalytic converter was used in hydrogen port fuel injection. The NO_X emission reduced upto a maximum of 74% for ANR (ratio of flow rate of ammonia to the flow rate of NO) of 1.1 with a marginal reduction in efficiency. Selective catalytic reduction technique has been found to be effective in reducing the NO_X emission from hydrogen fueled diesel engines.     

乙醇-柴油混合燃料的燃烧与排放特性

研究了柴油机燃用不同掺混比的乙醇 -柴油混合燃料对排气烟度以及 NOx 气体排放成分的影响 ,分析了尾气排放中甲醛、乙醛以及未燃乙醇的含量。研究结果表明 ,加入一定比例的乙醇可改善缸内燃烧过程 ,大幅度降低排气烟度 ,提高燃油经济性。随着乙醇掺混比的提高 ,尾气中 NOx 含量、乙醛和未燃乙醇的含量有明显增加     

推迟供油提前角对生物柴油发动机燃烧和排放性能的影响

在直喷式增压柴油机上进行了供油提前角对生物柴油发动机动力性、经济性和排放性能影响的研究。试验结果表明:与柴油相比,推迟供油提前角后生物柴油的动力性下降,燃油经济性恶化,NO_x和烟度排放均有不同程度的降低。推迟供油提前角对生物柴油的喷油压力和滞燃期影响不大,但喷油始点和燃烧始点均迟于柴油。与柴油相比,推迟供油提前角后最高气缸压力下降,放热峰值出现时刻提前,指示热效率降低。燃烧始点与NO_x排放的相关性最大,喷油始点和放热峰值出现时刻也与NO_x排放呈弱相关性。     

A renewable pathway towards increased utilization of hydrogen in diesel engines

In the present work, dual fuel operation of a diesel engine has been experimentally investigated using biodiesel and hydrogen as the test fuels. Jatropha Curcas biodiesel is used as the pilot fuel, which is directly injected in the combustion chamber using conventional diesel injector. The main fuel (hydrogen) is injected in the intake manifold using a hydrogen injector and electronic control unit. In dual fuel mode, engine operations are studied at varying engine loads at the maximum pilot fuel substitution conditions. The engine performance parameters such as maximum pilot fuel substitution, brake thermal efficiency and brake specific energy consumption are investigated. On emission side, oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and smoke emissions are analysed. Based on the results, it is found that biodiesel-hydrogen dual fuel engine could utilize up to 80.7% and 24.5% hydrogen (by energy share) at low and high loads respectively along with improved brake thermal efficiency. Furthermore, hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and smoke emissions are significantly reduced compared to single fuel diesel engine operation. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) has also been studied with biodiesel-hydrogen dual fuel engine operations. It is found that EGR could improve the utilization of hydrogen in dual fuel engine, especially at the high loads. The effect of EGR is also found to reduce high nitrogen oxide emissions from the dual fuel engine and brake thermal efficiency is not significantly affected.     

Performance and emission studies on port injection of hydrogen with varied flow rates with Diesel as an ignition source

Automobiles are one of the major sources of air pollution in the environment. In addition CO₂ emission, a product of complete combustion also has become a serious issue due to global warming effect. Hence the search for cleaner alternative fuels has become mandatory. Hydrogen is expected to be one of the most important fuels in the near future for solving the problems of air pollution and greenhouse gas problems (carbon dioxide), thereby protecting the environment. Hence in the present work, an experimental investigation has been carried out using hydrogen in the dual fuel mode in a Diesel engine system. In the study, a Diesel engine was converted into a dual fuel engine and hydrogen fuel was injected into the intake port while Diesel was injected directly inside the combustion chamber during the compression stroke. Diesel injected inside the combustion chamber will undergo combustion first which in-turn would ignite the hydrogen that will also assist the Diesel combustion. Using electronic control unit (ECU), the injection timings and injection durations were varied for hydrogen injection while for Diesel the injection timing was 23° crank angle (CA) before injection top dead centre (BITDC). Based on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics, the optimized injection timing was found to be 5° CA before gas exchange top dead centre (BGTDC) with injection duration of 30° CA for hydrogen Diesel dual fuel operation. The optimum hydrogen flow rate was found to be 7.5 lpm. Results indicate that the brake thermal efficiency in hydrogen Diesel dual fuel operation increases by 15% compared to Diesel fuel at 75% load. The NO_X emissions were higher by 1–2% in dual fuel operation at full load compared to Diesel. Smoke emissions are lower in the entire load spectra due to the absence of carbon in hydrogen fuel. The carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions were lesser in hydrogen Diesel dual fuel operation compared to Diesel. The use of hydrogen in the dual fuel mode in a Diesel engine improves the performance and reduces the exhaust emissions from the engine except for HC and NO_X emissions.     

进气预混乙醇对柴油机碳烟与NOx排放的影响参数研究

在一台自然吸气式直喷柴油机上，按照组合燃烧的要求．全面、系统地研究了不同喷嘴孔径、不同供油定时、不同喷醇的始点对发动机碳烟、NOx排放以及经济性的影响．研究结果表明，为了获得更低的碳烟和NOx排放以及优越的能量经济性，与燃用纯柴油的发动机相比，采用进气预混乙醇的组合燃烧发动机的柴油供油定时可以稍迟或保持不变，燃油喷嘴的孔径应适当减小，预混乙醇的发动机负荷起点应适中．     

Parametric studies for improving the performance of a Jatropha oil-fuelled compression ignition engine

A single cylinder, constant speed, direct injection diesel engine was operated on neat Jatropha oil. Injection timing, injector opening pressure, injection rate and air swirl level were changed to study their influence on performance, emissions and combustion. Results have been compared with neat diesel operation. The injection timing was varied by changing the position of the fuel injection pump with respect to the cam and injection rate was varied by changing the diameter of the plunger of the fuel injection pump. A properly oriented masked inlet valve was employed to enhance the air swirl level. Advancing the injection timing from the base diesel value and increasing the injector opening pressure increase the brake thermal efficiency and reduce HC and smoke emissions significantly. Enhancing the swirl has only a small effect on emissions. The ignition delay with Jatropha oil is always higher than that of diesel under similar conditions. Improved premixed heat release rates were observed with Jatropha oil when the injector opening pressure is enhanced. When the injection timing is retarded with enhanced injection rate, a significant improvement in performance and emissions was noticed. In this case emissions with Jatropha oil are even lower than diesel. At full output, the HC emission level is 532 ppm with Jatropha oil as against 798 ppm with diesel. NO level and smoke with Jatropha oil are, respectively 1162.5 ppm and 2 BSU while they are 1760 ppm and 2.7 BSU with diesel.     

The emission analysis of an IDI diesel engine fueled with methyl ester of waste frying palm oil and its blends

In this study, the exhaust emissions of an unmodified diesel engine fueled with methyl ester of waste frying palm-oil (biodiesel) and its blends with petroleum based diesel fuel (PBDF) were investigated at the full load-variable speed condition. The relationships between the fuel properties and the air–fuel equivalence ratio, fuel line pressure, start of injection (SOI) timing, and ignition delay were also discussed to explain their effects on the emissions. The obtained test results were compared with the reference values which were determined by using PBDF. The results showed that when biodiesel was used in the test engine, the fuel line pressure increased while air–fuel equivalence ratio and ignition delay decreased. These behaviors affected the combustion phenomena of biodiesel which caused to reduction 57% in carbon monoxide (CO) emission, about 40% in unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emission and about 23% in smoke opacity when compared with PBDF. However, NO_x and CO₂ emissions of the biodiesel have showed different behaviors in terms of the engine speed.