含预埋件层合板螺栓连接结构剪切性能的试验研究

层合板螺栓连接的设计是结构设计过程中必不可少的重要环节,为对比分析含预埋件层合板螺栓连接结构与无预埋件层合板螺栓连接结构剪切性能的差异,以及含不同预埋件层合板螺栓连接结构剪切性能的优略,根据ASTM D-5961标准设计相应的试验件,进行不同层合板螺栓连接结构剪切性能测试。结果表明:含预埋件的连接结构的承载能力较强,尤其是钢板预埋件的连接结构,其承载能力约为其他两种连接形式的2倍;含套筒预埋件层合板螺栓连接结构的强度数值偏差最小,即性能更稳定。     

航空复合材料连接成形技术研究进展

纤维增强复合材料具有高比强度、高比模量、结构性能优异以及可设计性强等优势,能够实现构件轻量化和结构-功能设计一体化,在航空航天、交通运输、能源动力以及国防科技等领域具有重要的战略地位。随着纤维增强复合材料在航空航天等领域的大量应用,复合材料之间及其与轻质合金间的高性能-高效率连接成形技术成为航空结构强度和稳定性的重要保障之一。综述纤维增强复合材料连接成形技术的最新研究进展,着重讨论复合材料间及其与轻质合金间的机械连接、胶粘剂连接以及焊接工艺。较全面地论述和分析各类复合材料连接成形的技术特征,对比总结各类连接成形技术的优缺点以及连接结构性能的提升能力,提出各类复合材料连接成形技术的未来发展和研究趋势。     

复合材料机翼壁板离散源损伤修理评估方法

针对含离散源损伤复合材料机翼壁板机械连接修理结构,开展了机械连接修理结构渐进式破坏有限元分析技术的研究和验证。建立了利用梁元耦合解析刚性面模拟螺钉,采用适用于平面应力状态的LaRC05强度准则和B-K准则作为复合材料层板和胶接界面失效判据的机械连接修理结构有限元分析模型。在此基础上,通过编写用户自定义材料子程序(UMAT),实现了材料失效准则与刚度退化方案在商用软件Abaqus中的应用和机械连接修理结构承载能力的求解。计算结果表明,对于大规模螺钉连接的复杂修理结构,所采用的有限元建模和分析方法有效可行。与试验结果相比,结构承载能力数值分析与试验值吻合良好,误差在5%以内,预测的失效模式也与试验结果一致。     

铺层顺序和垫板对复合材料层压板钉拉脱性能影响分析

机械连接是飞机复合材料结构最重要的连接方式之一,其面外拉脱性能直接影响结构机械连接的强度.本文针对常用的材料和铺层形式,设计相应的试样,开展了铺层方式、材料及金属垫板对复合材料层压板面外拉脱性能影响的试验研究,获取了相应的失效形式.试验结果表明,铺层比例为(40/50/10)具有更高的钉拉脱性能;对复合材料层压板增加金...     

复合材料连接结构挤压强度试验

复合材料广泛应用于航空航天领域,彼此之间的连接主要通过铆钉或螺栓实现。连接时需要在复合材料上开孔,这会导致孔周围应力集中,也会破坏纤维的连续性,从而削弱结构的承载能力,直接影响飞行安全与使用寿命。以碳纤维增强树脂基层合板单钉单剪和双钉单剪两类连接件为试验对象,依据ASTM D 5961试验标准,完成挤压响应试验,获得极限挤压强度分别为384 MPa和364 MPa,并绘制载荷-位移曲线,为明确材料实际性能和后续应用于飞机结构提供支撑。     

基于电路模型的复合材料多钉连接载荷分配新方法

提出了一种新的计算复合材料多钉连接载荷分配方法,即将电路模型应用到复合材料多钉连接结构载荷分配估算中,多钉连接结构中的载荷、柔度和变形分别等效于电路模型的电流、电阻和电压。在新模型中材料的胡克定律转化为电学中的欧姆定律,变形协调方程等效于电学中的电压平衡方程。该方法使复杂的多钉连接模型变成了一些由简单的串联和并联电路组成的简单模型。对n排单列连接结构的电路模型进行分析,总能找到n-1个独立的闭环电压平衡方程和一个电流平衡方程,联立这n个方程就能够计算出各个钉上的电流大小,也就是相应的载荷值。在某些支路上添加恰当的电源,还可以模拟复合材料多钉连接结构的间隙或者过盈量。通过与试验结果对比,发现该方法能较好的预测出复合材料多钉连接载荷分配。     

高温环境复合材料螺栓连接振动的防松试验

具有耐高温、轻质、高强等特点的复合材料及其连接结构可满足航空航天领域的迫切需求,已广泛应用于工程中。为比较高温振动环境下不同复合材料螺栓连接形式的防松效果,进行了常/高温条件复合材料搭接板的随机振动试验研究。以搭接结构固有频率为评判量,通过对比试件承受振动载荷作用前后的固有频率变化,研究了常/高温环境下高温胶、双螺母防松形式,以及沉头螺栓张角等因素在给定随机振动载荷下对搭接结构连接刚度的影响。研究结果表明:常温随机振动条件下双螺母防松、60°沉头螺栓的防松性能更好;高温环境下,高温胶防松、30°沉头螺栓连接形式性能较优。     

累积损伤方法在复合材料接头研究中的应用

累积损伤方法已被广泛应用于复合材料的各种结构损伤分析及强度预测中。对累积损伤方法在纤维增强复合材料机械连接接头性能研究中的应用进行了分析论述,主要包含应力分析中的有限元建模、失效判定准则及损伤过程中材料性能退化三大部分。并对该分析方法在今后研究的动向进行了展望。     

CFRP连接孔几何误差对螺栓连接结构拉伸强度的影响规律研究

针对CFRP沉头螺栓连接孔制孔几何误差对连接结构拉伸强度的影响规律开展了相关研究。为了更为准确预测连接结构的应力变化情况,首先基于准静态试验建立了TC4ELI钛合金的本构模型,并基于Hashin失效准则以及界面的双线性本构建立了复合材料模型,在此基础上形成了复合材料沉头螺栓连接结构的有限元模型,并针对3个主要的制孔误差对连接结构力学性能的影响进行了数值模拟以及实验验证。研究结果表明所建立的有限元模型能够较为准确地预测连接结构失效形式以及拉伸强度。其次,相较于沉头角度以及倒角半径误差,沉头深度几何误差对最终连接结构最大应力值的影响最为显著,同时锪窝孔尺寸上下偏差对连接结构拉伸性能的影响具有较为明显的差异性。     

复合材料螺栓连接结构力学性能研究进展

复合材料螺接结构具有可靠性高和强度高等特点,在现代飞机结构中被广泛应用。通过总结复合材料螺接结构的研究进展,从失效形式、钉载分配预测方法、失效预测方法以及强度影响因素(铺层方式及拧紧力矩)等方面进行阐述,得出了如下结论:在钉载分配预测方法中,有限元法能够最真实地模拟复合材料螺栓连接结构,预测结果精度较高;在失效预测方法中,渐进损伤法在预测螺接失效行为上表现更好,可以清楚了解材料损伤情况。最后展望了未来复合材料螺栓连接性能的研究方向,可为复合材料螺接结构在航空航天领域的应用提供参考。     

制造缺陷对复合材料性能的影响研究

复合材料在制造过程中不可避免地会出现胶接分层、制孔分层等制造缺陷,分层损伤作为复合材料重要的损伤形式,严重影响了复合材料力学性能特性。本文对含预制缺陷复合材料开展了多种力学性能试验研究,通过与完好复合材料进行对比分析,建立了制造缺陷对复合材料性能的影响规律,可为复合材料结构设计提供支撑。     

The compressive behavior of CFRP laminates with delamination of different shapes using numerical and experimental approaches

Composite laminates often produce delamination due to a series of factors during the manufacture and service process. In order to research the effect of containing oblique elliptical and circular initial delamination damage on the compressive strength of composite laminates, numerical and experimental methods are used in this paper. Finite element models (FEMs) and the progressive damage subroutine USDFLD are developed to predict the damage initiation and extension behavior of the intralaminar of the laminate. Interlaminar damage is predicted based on cohesive zone models (CZM). At the same time, four compression tests containing different initial delamination damage are performed. The results show that experimental measurements of compression tests concur with the numerical predictions and validate the FEMs. The strength and stiffness of the specimens gradually decrease with the increase of the initial delamination area. It reveals that, for the compression process, the delamination damage extends from the edge of the initial damage to the surroundings. The bearing capacity of the composite laminates is mainly determined by the material properties of the fibers and matrix, rather than the initial delamination.

     

Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation of the Large-Scale Testing of Polymeric Composite Journal Bearings: Two-Dimensional Modeling and Validation

The self-lubricating properties of some polymeric materials make them very valuable in bearing applications, where the lubrication is difficult or impossible. Composite bearings combine the self-lubricating properties of polymeric materials with better mechanical and thermal properties of the fibers. At present, there are few studies about these bearings and their design is mainly based on manufacturers’ experiences. This study includes an experimental and numerical study of the large-scale testing of fiber-reinforced polymeric composite bearings. In the first part of this article, a new tribological test setup for large composite bearings is demonstrated. Besides, a two-dimensional finite-element model is developed in order to study the stress distribution in the composite bearing and kinematics of the test setup. A mixed Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation is used to simulate the rotation of the shaft and the contact between the composite bearing and the shaft. Simulation results correspond closely to the experimental data, and provide careful investigation of the stress distribution in the bearing. In the second part of this article, three-dimensional quasi-static and two-dimensional dynamic models are studied.     

Experimental characterization and finite element modeling of critical thrust force in cfrp drilling

Composite laminates are used in many applications in ae-rospace/defense industries due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance properties. In general, composite materials are hard-to-machine materials which exhibit low drilling efficiency and drilling-induced delamination damage at exit. Hence, it is important to understand the drilling processes for composite materials. This article presents a comprehensive study involving experimental characterization of drilling process to understand the cutting mechanism and relative effect of cutting parameters on delamination during drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). Thrust force and torque data are acquired for analyzing the cutting mechanism, initiation and propagation of delamination, and identification of critical thrust force below which no damage occurs. An FE model for prediction of critical thrust force has been developed and validated with experimental results. A [0/90] composite laminate is modeled simulating the last two plies in exit condition and a thin interface layer is inserted in between the plies to capture delamination extent. The tool geometry is modeled as “rigid body” with geometric features of twist drill used in experiments. The tool is indented on the workpiece to simulated tool feeding action into the workpiece. The FE model predicts the critical thrust force within 5% of the experimentally determined mean value.     

Examination and modification of equivalent delamination factor for assessment of high speed drilling

Composite components suffer delamination at the entrance and exit of drilled holes. Many measures have been suggested by different researchers to assess such delamination damage. These include delamination factor, two-dimensional delamination factor, damage ratio, adjusted delamination factor, refined delamination factor, equivalent delamination factor, and minimum delamination factor. Among all these various assessment factors, the equivalent delamination factor looks simple and able to take into account the different features of delamination. However, the method of calculation of the equivalent delamination factor may not provide accurate values for delamination resulting from high speed drilling. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the equivalent delamination factor in high speed drilling of a composite laminate using a twist drill and develop a new approach to determine equivalent delamination factor which can be used for both conventional and high speed drilling conditions. This new method is applied to calculate the equivalent delamination factor in trials of drilling composite specimens at different speeds and feed rates and is found suitable.

     

Theoretical analysis of extrusion of rectangular, hexagonal and octagonal composite clad rods

Composite clad rods with non-axisymmetric cross-sectional areas are commercially important owing to their extensive industrial applications such as in electrodes, conductors and chemical devices. For instance, in the processing of superconductor wire, increasing the packing density involves closely packing superconductor rods which have a hexagonal cross-section next to each other inside the high purity copper tube. During extrusion process, non-uniform deformation tends to occur because the core and sleeve of a composite clad rod is usually composed of materials with different mechanical properties. The first recognized paper on round-to-square drawing/extrusion with variable corner radius was presented by Boer et al. in 1979. In this study, we present a model based on upper-bound theorem to analyze the extrusion of composite clad rods with non-axisymmetric cross-section. Velocity fields for both core and sleeve are generated with the assistance of a product's cross-sectional profile functions. Products with rectangular, hexagonal and octagonal sections are chosen as the study objects. Also discussed herein are numerical results for various process variables such as semi-die angle, reduction of area, frictional condition of die, and product shape complexity. According to these results, the extrusion pressure and product dimensional change are closely related to the process variables.     

颗粒增强复合材料弹性结构的双尺度有限元分析

颗粒增强方法是实现材料高性能化的重要手段。预测颗粒增强复合材料的细观结构与力学性能的关系是实现材料增强增韧的基础。为更好地分析、设计和优化复合材料,需要引入多尺度计算模型来考察细观结构对宏观力学性能的影响。基于均匀化理论,采用Voronoi有限元法对颗粒增强复合材料进行细观数值模拟,从而预测材料的宏观等效弹性常数,并直接得到材料的细观应力场。在细观尺度,首先假设满足平衡条件的应力场,采用Voronoi应力单元建立余能泛函并得到细观控制方程,最终形成可直接求解的线性代数方程组,从而求得应力系数并得到细观应力场。在宏观尺度,利用商业有限元软件ANSYS来进行宏观结构分析。通过均匀化方法求得弹性模量的宏观平均值,将其输入ANSYS系统即可进行计算,由此把宏细观两个尺度耦合起来,可以对颗粒增强复合材料构成的结构体进行有效的力学分析。     

复合节流式静压气体轴承静态特性分析

为进一步提升静压气体轴承的静态性能,以普通孔式节流为基础,配合表面周向和径向槽节流,提出复合节流式静压气体轴承,以充分发挥2种节流方式的优点,使静压气体轴承具有更好的承载能力和刚度。利用Fluent计算轴承内流场参数并分析流场特性,比较复合节流式与普通孔式节流静压气体轴承的承载能力和刚度,并研究孔式参数和表面槽参数对复合节流式静压气体轴承静态特性的影响。结果表明：在一定气膜厚度范围内,复合节流式静压气体轴承对于提升承载力、增强刚度有着显著的效果;复合式节流因为有表面槽二次节流的存在,均压效果更好。增加节流孔数、节流孔直径、节流孔分布圆半径,以及在气膜厚度较小时增加表面槽长、槽宽、槽深,均有利于增加轴承承载力;在气膜厚度较小时,增加节流孔数、减小节流孔直径,以及增加表面槽长和槽宽、降低槽深,均有利于增加轴承刚度。     

Characterization and prediction of abrasive wear of powder composite materials

Composite materials produced by powder metallurgy provide a solution in many engineering applications where materials with high abrasion and erosion resistance are required. The actual wear behaviour of the material is associated with many external factors (particle size, velocity, angularity, etc.) and intrinsic material properties (hardness, toughness, Young modulus, etc.). Hardness and toughness properties of such tribomaterials are highly dependent from the content of reinforcing phase, its size and from the mechanical properties of the constituent phases. In this study an attempt is made to model the erosion wear behaviour of composite materials, to calculate the wear rate and to correlate erosion rates with experimental results and material parameters. Powder composites cermets and metal-matrix composite materials reinforced with different content of hard phase were used as examples in this research. Wear mechanisms of materials were investigated. Following from the main mechanisms of erosion wear the models of plastic deformation and brittle fracture are developed for prediction of erosion of powder composite materials. It was demonstrated, that the erosion rate of hardmetal-type materials can be predicted using the results obtained by microindentation methods. The use of hardness distribution parameters is justified with materials with low binder content.     

格构增强型复合材料板材设计与试验研究

复合材料板材有质量轻和结构强的特点,可用于活动房、方舱和厢式车辆,替代传统的铝合金面层及金属骨架的板材。本文设计了一种格构增强型复合材料夹层结构板材,芯材为硬质聚氨酯泡沫,面层为玻璃纤维/不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料,采用整体模压共固化成型工艺。该板材经过拉伸强度、拉伸模量、拉伸延伸率、线膨胀系数、氧指数及其在规定的高、低温条件下的相关力学性能试验表明,保温隔热性能、力学性能和构造要求满足相关应用要求。