纤维表面木素含量对纸页强度的影响

本文用CTMP分别与漂白针叶木硫酸盐浆和漂白阔叶木硫酸盐浆配抄纸页,用原子力显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪从微观角度研究了纤维表面木素含量对纸页强度的影响。研究表明化学浆纤维表面存在大量的微细纤维,而CTMP纤维表面覆盖有颗粒状木素、抽出物。纤维表面木素含量随打浆程度提高而降低,混合纤维表面木素含量与浆料的配比存在线性关系。受纤维表面木素浓度的影响,随CTMP配比增加,纸页的抗张指数和层间结合强度降低。     

杂竹制浆

在中国的南方具有丰富的竹子资源，其纤维原料特征和成浆质量介于针叶木和阔叶木之间。采用等温蒸煮和三段漂白[D(EO)D1]就可以生产全漂白浆。而竹子又不同于木材原料，硅含量相对较高，所以在碱回收方面应有一定的对策。     

Characteristics of Pleurotus sp. TD36 and its ability to reduce wood extractives in pretreatment for pulping

Lipophilic extractives of wood cause pitch deposition during pulp and paper production, leading to serious economic losses and environmental pollution. Natural seasoning of wood material before pulping can reduce wood extractives, but there is no control of the pulp yield and quality. Pretreatment of the wood chips with selected fungi is regarded as better controlled seasoning with effective removal of problematic extractives. Commercially available fungal preparations are effective mostly for softwood, but not quite suitable for Acacia mangium and hybrid hardwood—the main pulpwood of Vietnam. In this paper, a fungal isolate TD36 was identified as white-rot basidiomycete Pleurotus sp. TD36 based on the biological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis. Having high activity of ligninolytic enzymes, amylase and protease, Pleurotus sp. TD36 was able to degrade lignin-like compounds (guaiacol, Remazol Brilliant Blue), starch and casein. Degradation of wood extractives was evaluated by laccase and sterol esterase assays of the fungus in shake flask cultures and in pretreatment of Acacia wood chips. Favorable conditions for wood pretreatment were selected, including: inoculum size, 1% v/w; wood moisture, 60% v/w; temperature, 28–30 °C and 30 days. Under such conditions, Pleurotus sp. TD36 removed about 68?±?2.75% of wood acetone extractives soluble in chloroform. Of that, about 73–89% of fatty acids and fatty alcohols, 76% of free sterols and 63% of sterol ester, were removed. Fungal pretreatment did not significantly affect the cellulose content of wood and Kraft pulp yield.

     

木材原料中金属离子的测定及分布的研究

利用原子吸收光谱测定了有代表性的几种针叶木和阔叶木原料中金属元素分布及含量,并利用扫描电镜—能谱仪分析了原料的不同部位中金属离子的分布规律。结果发现在实验范围内,各种木材原料中都存在由多种金属离子构成的复杂体系;不同种原料中金属离子的含量和成分存在着很大差异;针叶木Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ 含量显著,高于阔叶木;同种原料中,边材金属离子含量一般高于心材;不同生长环境会导致木材金属离子分布出现差异。纸浆中的金属离子主要来源于原料本身,因此对金属离子含量不同的原料,纸浆漂前的除过渡金属离子预处理条件应该不同。     

针叶木、阔叶木混合蒸煮以及连续蒸煮系统的选型

通过阔叶木不同树种间的混合蒸煮生产实践和针叶木、阔叶木混合蒸煮试验,表明在一定比例下,针叶木、阔叶木混合蒸煮是可行的.混合连续蒸煮系统型式的选择,需满足预浸渍效果好、纤维素与木聚糖得率高,对木片质量波动的敏感性低、渣量低、操作平稳性优异、木片喂料系统的操作可靠性,高和设备维护量低等要求.     

兴安落叶松化学组成的研究

对兴安落叶松化学组成进行较深入分析研究，表明其特性如下：提取物含量较高，尤以热水提取物最甚，主要含阿拉伯糖基－半乳聚糖。苯醇提取物中除主要含树脂外，还有相当量的黄酮类化合物。总木质素含量与一般针叶材类似，但酸溶木质素很低；综纤维素含量比一般木材都低，其糖基组成分析表明在测定过程中阿拉伯糖基－半乳聚糖基本上流失，因此综纤维素含量的测定不宜采用现行的标准方法；灰分含量较低，但有２３种元素组成，其主要元素为Ｃａ、Ｋ、Ｍｎ和Ｍｇ。     

Modification of sawdust from pine and beech wood with the succinic anhydride

The aim of this study was to compare the reactivity of the succinic anhydride with the comminuted softwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) and hardwood (Fagus sylvatica L.). By extending the time of reaction (from 4 to 8 hours), products with different degrees of modification were obtained. It was demonstrated that in comparison with beech wood, the wood of Scots pine enters the reaction with the succinic anhydride easier. The results of the thermogravimetric analysis showed that the esterification of softwood and hardwood reduced the initial temperature of their thermal degradation. Wood modified with the succinic anhydride is characterised by poorer thermostability in comparison with natural wood.     

Effect of heat treatment intensity on wood chemical composition and decay durability of Pinus patula

Heat treatment is an effective method to improve biological resistance of low natural durability wood species. The aim of this study was to enhance the decay resistance of Pinus patula, an African low natural durability softwood species, via wood thermal modification technique. Heat treatment was performed on wood specimens under inert conditions at different heat treatment intensities to reach mass losses of 5, 10 and 15%. Heat treated specimens were exposed to fungal decay using the brown rot fungus Poria placenta. The wood chemical and elemental composition was determined as well as extractives toxicity before and after wood thermal modification to understand the reasons of durability improvement. The treated specimens exhibited a significant increase in their durability against wood decay in line with the severity of the treatment. Wood holocellulose was found to be distinctly more sensitive to the heating process than the lignin constituent. In addition, obvious correlations were observed between weight losses recorded after fungal exposure and both holocellulose decrease and lignin ratio increase. The same correlations were observed with the elemental composition changes allowing using the observed differences for predicting of wood durability conferred by heat treatment. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between the toxicity of Pinus patula wood extractives before and after its thermal modification.     

利用非木材长纤维制浆造纸

本文评述了各种非木材长纤维包括剑麻、马尼拉麻、亚麻和大麻的纤维形态，化学组分，制浆和造纸性质，还比较了这些非木材长纤维漂白浆与典型的商品针叶木硫酸盐漂白浆、桉木硫酸盐漂白浆和混合阔叶木碱—蒽醌漂白浆的物理强度性质。     

桉木的化学组成及材性对KP法制浆特性的影响

以易蒸煮和难蒸煮两种桉木为原料，用蒸煮实验与化学分析和色谱分析相结合的方法，对抽出物含量、木素结构、糖组成和基本密度等因素对硫酸盐法制浆特性（纸浆得率和硬度）的影响进行了研究。结果表明，造成不同桉木树种之间制浆特性差异的主要原因是木素中缩合型结构所占的比例、多酚类抽出物含量以及木材中中性糖的含量；而基本密度只是在一定程度上影响着用碱量和得率，但不是影响制浆特性的决定因素。     

ECF和TCF漂白硫酸盐针叶木浆表面特性的比较

主要目的是确定不同的漂白方法对硫酸盐针叶木浆纤维表面特性的影响,包括老化前和老化后。通过测量水中的动态接触角(DCA)和浆中纤维的电子光谱来检测。实验表明,漂白浆中纤维表面的不同是因为漂白方法不同。全无氯漂白(TCF)的纤维动态接触角(DCA)始终比较高一些。纤维的特性在贮藏六个月后发生了改变,TCF的DCA比ECF的更显著。贮藏后纤维的接触角变大说明可能是抽出物的迁移或木素从纤维壁中到了表面,也可能是纤维表面的组分发生了变化而变的更加疏水。     

杨木BECMP抄造轻型纸纤维体系的研究

探讨在实验室条件下使用国产杨木挤压法漂白化机浆(BECMP)抄造轻型纸的纤维体系中,浆料的配比、打浆度等工程参数,并对各种浆料的作用进行研究。结果表明,该体系中漂白针叶木化学浆的最佳打浆度为55～57°SR,阔叶木化学浆最佳打浆度为32～35°SR;杨木BECMP的使用比例不宜高于84%;本研究条件下的最佳浆料比例为84%杨木BECMP、12%商品针叶木浆、4%商品阔叶木浆,该浆料比例手抄片抗张指数和松厚度可以达到轻型纸国家标准优等品质量要求。     

制浆废液污染特性变化对于生化处理系统的冲击与影响

研究了阔叶木和针叶木两种原料交替更换使用时,化学机械法制浆废液污染特性变化对于生化处理系统的冲击与影响。本研究采用的活性污泥法处理系统具有高效菌类群体,对于针叶木和阔叶木两种原料的化机浆废液均有着良好的处理效果。当废液种类改变时,通过采取调控措施,废水处理系统显示出了较好的适应性。     

4种天然纤维素在氢氧化钠/尿素/水体系中的溶解差异

研究了棉短绒浆、竹浆、阔叶木浆和针叶木浆(均为溶解浆)的纤维素在氢氧化钠/尿素/水体系中的溶解差异,棉短绒浆和竹浆的纤维素溶解后可形成均一的液相体系,而阔叶木浆和针叶木浆的纤维素溶液有分层现象,说明同等条件下棉短绒浆和竹浆的纤维素溶解度较大。4种天然纤维素再生后聚合度和结晶度均有一定程度的降低,棉短绒浆和竹浆的纤维素聚合度从549、624降低至474、555,分别降低了13.6%和11.1%;而针叶木浆和阔叶木浆再生后纤维素的聚合度降低不明显,分别从1067、1460降低至989、1419,只降低了7.3%和2.8%;棉短绒浆和竹浆再生后纤维素结晶度降低的幅度比较大,从66.5%和79.7%降低到18.8%和31.8%,分别降低了71.7%和60.1%;阔叶木浆和针叶木浆再生后纤维素结晶度降低的幅度较小,从76.4%和70.4%降低至62.5%和54.7%,分别降低了18.2%和22.3%;阔叶木浆和针叶木浆的纤维素由于聚合度较大,该体系不能降低其结晶度,因而其溶解度小于棉短绒浆和竹浆的纤维素。处理前后纤维素的红外光谱图基本一致,说明纤维素在该体系溶解过程中并未引入新的基团,氢氧化钠/尿素/水体系为非衍生化纤维素溶剂;处理后,几种样品纤维素Ⅰ的峰强度降低甚至消失,纤维素Ⅱ的峰开始出现,说明用该体系进行处理可使纤维素晶体结构发生转变。     

西南桦木材化学成分及其变异的研究

按照我国木材化学成分分析标准,对人工林西南桦木材化学成分进行了测定,结果表明含量分别为:纤维素47.31%,多戊糖23.99%,木质素24.57%,热水抽提物4.41%,1%NaOH抽提物15.15%,笨醇抽提物1.80%,pH值4.61;以上7个指标在树干不同高度的差异均未达到显著性水平;热水、1%NaOH抽提物含量和pH值在不同树龄间的差异达到了1%显著性水平;苯醇抽提物含量达到5%显著性水平.主要化学成分含量的差异不显著.比较分析认为,就木材化学成分而言,西南桦是比较理想的板材和造纸原料.     

Wet storage for discolouration protection during roundwood storage of three Swedish hardwoods

Discolouration progressing from the end surfaces is a wood quality problem that arises when storing hardwood logs during summer. Wet storage (water sprinkling) is used for protecting stored softwood logs, but experience of wet storing hardwoods is limited. To test the benefit of wet storing hardwoods, logs of Betula pendula/pubescens, Alnus incana/glutinosa, and Populus tremula were wet and dry-stored during 12 summer weeks in southern Sweden to compare the development of discolouration. The discolouration was measured visually during storage in split logs. Wet storage was found to significantly reduce discolouration in the stored logs of all species, with the reduction being most pronounced for birch.     

BCTMP在铜版纸中的应用及其对铜版纸主要指标的影响

以阔叶浆、针叶浆和BCTMP为原料,改变阔叶浆和BCTMP的配比,分别生产出同一定量的铜版纸。检测铜版纸的松厚度、表面强度、油墨吸收性和耐折度。通过数据检测分析认为随着BCTMP用量的提高松厚度和油墨吸收性提高;表面强度和耐折度降低。     

论新闻纸原料结构的调整

在我国针叶材资源日渐匮乏的情况下，吉林造纸（集团）有限公司率先开发阔叶材杨木与桦木生产磨木浆、化机浆，对新闻纸原料结构进行调整。本文论述了在原料结构调整后的纸机生产技术条件的研究，解决了原料调整后的新闻纸生产及质量上存在的问题。比如通过改进制浆方法、提高打浆浓度、优化配比，解决了湿强度低、撕裂度低、不透明度低等问题，满足了报业的印刷要求。     

Versuche zur Wirksamkeit von Ligninabbauprodukten und löslichen Laubholz-Bestandteilen gegen Hausbockbefall von Bauholz

The study deals with the larvae development of the house longhorn beetle (Hylotrupes bajulus L.) in differently treated beechwood and in pinewood which was impregnated with sodium hydroxide extracts, Ca-lignin sulfonates and wood extractives. It was found that hardwood is made accessible to the larvae of the house longhorn beetle by extracting the wood with alkali solutions. At the same time the inhibitive properties of the extracted substances are greatly reduced by alkaline treatment. Ca-lignin sulfonates do not inhibit the larvae development. Wood extractives such as tannin and quercetin inhibit the larvae development but only by impregnating with great amounts of these substances.