转炉“留渣+双渣”少渣炼钢工艺实践

介绍了鞍钢股份有限公司炼钢总厂转炉"留渣+双渣"工艺的关键技术,包括留渣及炉渣固化技术、炉渣流动性控制及高效脱磷技术、快速足量放渣及渣铁分离技术、炉渣返干控制及终渣Fe O控制技术以及"留渣+双渣"快速生产技术,采用这些技术后,吨钢成本降低12.19元。     

转炉留渣双渣操作生产实践

介绍了福建三安炼钢厂的转炉留渣双渣操作,以及留渣操作中安全问题的解决措施,分析了应用留渣双渣操作工艺的石灰消耗、钢铁料耗、转炉炉龄、氧耗、冶炼周期、脱磷等效果。通过优化顶底复吹转炉留渣双渣工艺制度,提高转炉前期脱磷效果,在无铁水预处理的设备条件下可以冶炼高铬铁水,满足了对钢的洁净度要求。     

转炉留渣双渣操作生产实践

介绍了福建三安炼钢厂的转炉留渣双渣操作,以及留渣操作中安全问题的解决措施,分析了应用留渣双渣操作工艺的石灰消耗、钢铁料耗、转炉炉龄、氧耗、冶炼周期、脱磷等效果。通过优化顶底复吹转炉留渣双渣工艺制度,提高转炉前期脱磷效果,在无铁水预处理的设备条件下可以冶炼高铬铁水,满足了对钢的洁净度要求。     

120t转炉双渣留渣操作工艺实践

阐述了留渣对转炉冶炼前期脱磷的影响,叙述了三钢120 t转炉双渣留渣操作工艺,并对比分析了双渣留渣和双渣不留渣几个重要指标控制情况。     

转炉留渣加双渣法技术研究与应用

通过对传统双渣工艺系统分析,结合冶炼过程中存在的问题,开展了终渣留渣加双渣冶炼工艺研究,并在自动化炼钢控制方面,结合留渣加双渣工艺特点,建立倒渣和留渣模型,将前期渣炉渣组分等相关信息纳入模型计算中,优化热氧平衡。根据模型在实际生产中运行效果,调整新工艺下模型的吹炼和加料模式,促进转炉终点碳和温度命中率提升至95.6%以上,提升了新工艺下炼钢自动化控制能力,为炼钢厂整体创效奠定基础。     

半钢炼钢中“低碱度双渣+留渣”造渣工艺的研发

针对承钢高炉铁水磷高、硫低,转炉脱磷负荷重,造渣料消耗高的问题,通过对转炉脱磷机理及造渣过程分析,从转炉脱磷的热力学及热平衡入手,研究前期快速成渣技术、低碱度造渣料配加模型、一次倒炉倒渣时机精准控制,最终开发了"低碱度双渣+留渣"造渣工艺。采用该工艺后降低了炼钢造渣料消耗,提升了终点控制水平,大幅降低炼钢生产成本。     

对留渣和双渣转炉炼钢工艺高效脱磷技术的思考

在钢铁生产过程中,经常会出现一些磷元素,影响钢铁生产质量。传统的去磷工艺存在效率低、污染环境、成本高,以及操作复杂等缺点,无法满足现代钢铁生产的需求。留渣和双渣转炉炼钢工艺是一种高效的脱磷技术,其通过充分利用转炉熔化期后期的热量和渣子中的氧化钙含量,有效地提高脱磷效率。并且,通过控制温度和渣子的成分,进而有效控制钢水的成分和温度,提高钢水的质量和产量。因此,文章基于此,对留渣和双渣转炉炼钢工艺高效脱磷技术进行研究。通过分析传统去磷工艺的不足,以及留渣和双渣转炉炼钢工艺高效脱磷技术的优势,以此来对留渣和双渣转炉炼钢工艺的应用提供参考。     

150t转炉双渣及留渣工艺实践

文章通过介绍双渣、留渣炼钢工艺在包钢150 t转炉运用的效果,及在实际生产中双渣工艺所遇到的难点和解决方法,得出双渣、留渣工艺有降低渣料消耗、降低钢铁料消耗的明显效果。     

转炉炼钢少渣冶炼技术的探索实践

介绍转炉少渣冶炼、炉渣热循环利用实践.可分两个阶段,脱碳出钢留渣、冶炼中期脱磷倒渣留渣与脱碳出钢留渣同时进行（留渣＋双渣）.脱碳留渣冶炼,通过出钢后倒渣、调渣过程控制,抑制留渣造成吹炼前期的喷溅.留渣冶炼使吨钢石灰消耗降低28.6％.“留渣＋双渣”试验,控制转炉前期炉渣碱度及全铁,选择合适脱磷渣倒炉点及温度,保证前期渣脱磷率和泡沫化,最终前期脱磷率大于60％,排渣率大于50％.“留渣＋双渣”技术,吨钢石灰消耗降低46.9％.     

"双渣+留渣"脱磷工艺在生产中的应用与优化

针对山东某钢厂常规的单渣法无法同时满足质量及成本的综合需求的现状,为提高转炉脱磷的效率,结合国内外复吹转炉脱磷理论及该厂的具体条件,根据复吹转炉脱磷的热力学与动力学条件,经过理论计算、技术分析,提出了"双渣+留渣"脱磷工艺。结果表明:通过合理选、配料,精确的控制模型建立、严格两次造渣工艺制定与执行,可有效降低钢中磷含量,达到降本增效与提升产品质量的双重目的。     

Identification and changes in prejudice and in authoritarianism.

Ss "were first given the F Scale and a measure of anti-Negro prejudice… . Four weeks later they read a case history of a person who was prejudiced and authoritarian. Half of the subjects were told that the person in the case history was similar to themselves in background and objective personal characteristics. The other half… that the person was dissimilar to them. Three weeks later the F Scale and the anti-Negro prejudice scale were readministered. It was found that those low in prejudice at the first administration became more prejudiced but only if they were told the case history was about someone like themselves… . These results were interpreted in terms of the social support for suppressed 'wrong' feelings and in terms of the pressures to achieve cognitive consistency in one's self-concept." From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4GD65S. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MPD and DNA bending in crystals and in solution

Bending of 15 to 24 degrees is observed within crystal structures of B-DNA duplexes, is strongly sequence-dependent, and exhibits no correlation with the concentration of MPD (2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol) in the crystallizing solution. Two types of bends are observed: facultative bends or flexible hinges at junctions between regions of G.C and A.T base-pairs, and a persistent and almost obligatory bend at the center of the sequence R-G-C-Y. Only A-tracts are characteristically straight and unbent in every crystal structure examined to date. A detailed examination of normal vector plots for individual strands of a double helix provides an explanation, in terms of the stacking properties of guanine and adenine bases. The effect of high MPD concentrations, in both solution and crystal, is to decrease local bending somewhat without removing it altogether. MPD gel retardation experiments provide no basis for choosing among the three models that seek to explain macroscopic curvature of DNA by means of microscopic bending: junction being, bent A-tracts, or bent general -sequence DNA. Crystallographic data on the straightness of A-tracts, the bendability of non-A sequences, and the identity of inclination angles in A-tract and non-A-tracts B-DNA support only the general-sequence bending model. The pre-melting transition observed in A-tract DNA probably represents a relaxation of stiff adenine stacks to a flexible conformation more typical of general-sequence DNA.     

Research and teaching in social and preventive medicine and in public health

Both public health and social and preventive medicine are characterised by the common goal of promoting, maintaining and improving health and preventing disease, and both are concerned with a population-related, preventive and environmental perspective. But whereas public health is interdisciplinary and goes far beyond the medical focus, social and preventive medicine is medically based and forms a bridge between public health and medical practice. Research in a department of social and preventive medicine serves to support preventive and medico-social activities in medical practice as well as in public health. This is illustrated by results from research conducted at the author's department during the last twenty years. Examples are research in support of smoking cessation activities, and research used for the planning of care for the elderly. Both the research and the teaching activities of the department take into account the population focus of public health as well as the focus on individual medicine in clinical practice.     

Cholestatriene and ergostatetraene as in vivo and in vitro membrane and lipoprotein probes

The fluorescent cholesterol analogues, cholesta-5,7,9(11)triene-3-beta-ol (I) and ergosta-5,7,9(11)-22-tetraene-3-beta-ol (II), have been shown to be readily incorporated by various tissues and lipoproteins in rabbits maintained on diets supplemented with these fluorophores. Human erythrocytes and lipoproteins were also found to incorporate I and II in vitro under physiological conditions. The thermotropic behavior of the lipoproteins and erythrocyte membranes labeled with sterols I and II was evaluated using temperature-dependent fluorescence polarization and/or fluorescence intensity spectra. Erythrocyte ghosts, fluorescently labeled in vivo (rabbit) or in vitro (rabbit and human), were found to undergo a reversible thermally induced transition at 24 +/- 2 degrees C. A similar transition occurring at higher temperatures was also observed in fluorescently labeled human and rabbit LDL particles. Furthermore, the transition temperatures and relative microviscosities of the in vivo labeled rabbit LDL particles were found to be dependent upon the amount of sterol present in the rabbits' diet. No evidence of a similar thermotropic transition was observed in any of the HDL particles. These results are discussed in terms of a thermotropic reordering of cholesterol clusters existing in the erythrocyte membrane and of the cholesteryl ester core present within the low density lipoprotein particle.     

Differences and similarities in adjuvant chemotherapy in mouse and man

Supernatants obtained after incubation of tumor patient lymphocytes with the homologous tumor-associated antigen (TAA) elicit adherence inhibition in normal guinea pig peritoneal cells. From 37 tested patients with different carcinomas, the supernatants of 30 caused more than 10 per cent adherence inhibition (breast cancer 11/11, lung cancer 7/8, colon cancer 6/7, stomach cancer 6/11). Besides 40 healthy blood donors were tested to a panel of TAA. There was a reactivity more than 10 per cent only in 2 cases. The supernatants of 14 patients with nonmalignant disorders produced adherence inhibition more than 10 per cent in 2 cases. By incubation of tumor patient lymphocytes with the human encephalitogenic protein the supernatants of 19/27 patients elicited a positive reaction. The results suggest that anti-tumor immunity can be detected in an indirect heterologous adherence inhibition system.     

Protein phosphorylation and taurine biosynthesis in vivo and in vitro

Taurine is known to be involved in many important physiological functions. Here we report that both in vivo and in vitro the taurine-synthesizing enzyme in the brain, namely cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD), is activated when phosphorylated and inhibited when dephosphorylated. Furthermore, protein kinase C and protein phosphatase 2C have been identified as the enzymes responsible for phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of CSAD, respectively. In addition, the effect of neuronal depolarization on CSAD activity and 32P incorporation into CSAD in neuronal cultures is also included. A model to link neuronal excitation and CSAD activation by a Ca2+-dependent protein kinase is proposed.     

Chemo- and baroresponses differ in African-Americans and Caucasians in sleep

To determine sleep effects on baro- and ventilatory responses to transient chemo- and barostimulation in African-Americans and Caucasians, 26 nonobese normotensive young subjects (13 African-Americans and 13 Caucasians) were studied awake and in non-rapid-eye movement (NREM) and rapid-eye-movement sleep during induced transient hypoxemia (N2), hypertension (phenylephrine, PE), and concomitant hypoxemia and hypertension (N2 + PE). Arterial blood pressure was recorded by plethysmographic volume clamp, minute ventilation by pneumotachograph, and arterial O2 saturation by pulse oximeter. For all subjects, chronotropic baroresponse (Deltapulse interval/Deltasystolic blood pressure, where Delta is change) increased with NREM sleep (P = 0.007). Baroresponse slope was greater in Caucasians than in African-Americans (ANOVA, P = 0.02). Hypoxemic ventilatory response (Deltaminute ventilation/Deltaarterial O2 saturation) was greater in African-Americans than in Caucasians in NREM sleep (P = 0.01), as was hypoxemic attenuation of baroresponse (N2 + PE, P = 0.03). These data suggest sleep-related differences in arterial chemo- and baroreceptor responses in normal young African-Americans and Caucasians, which may have implications concerning development of systemic hypertension.     

Interaction in systems Wc-Ni-Al and Wc-NiTi in sintering and impregnation

Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 5(317), pp. 77–80, May, 1989.     

Rorschach images of symbiosis and separation in eating-disordered and in borderline and nonborderline subjects.

The Rorschach protocols of 62 eating-disordered women were analyzed for content expressing symbiotic, separation, and counter-symbiotic strivings. Subjects were grouped into three symptom pattern groups and into borderline and nonborderline groups as measured by Gunderson's Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB). Very few differences in this content were found among the three symptom-based groups. Consistent and significant differences were found among these groups in the relation between overall Rorschach response productivity and the production of responses with this content. This suggests that the symptom patterns may reflect differing modes of self-regulation. Consistent and significant differences in the production of this content were also found between borderline and nonborderline groups, supporting clinically based claims that symbiotic Rorschach responses are diagnostic of borderline functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)