Preparation and application of magnetic microsphere carriers

Magnetic microsphere carriers have received considerable attention, primarily because of their wide applications in the fields of biomedicine and bioengineering. In this paper, preparation methods, surface modification and application of magnetic carriers are reviewed. Emphasis will be placed on recent biological and biomedical developments and trends such as enzyme immobilization, cell isolation, protein purification, target drugs and DNA separation.     

A simple affinity chromatography method for the separation of gastric proteases from mucous substances

A simple chromatographic method for separating mucous substances contained in the abomasal mucosa from proteases has been developed. The chromatographic technique used controlled porous glass as a matrix, with covalently bound keratin as a ligand. This matrix allowed affinity binding of proteases at pH 7·0. The mucous substances present in calf abomasal mucosa were easily identified in the column eluate. Proteases were eluted from the column with 0·1 ml dm^?3 HCl with good recovery (85%) and high purification.     

气体在金属-有机骨架材料中的吸附分离:经典密度泛函理论的应用

回顾了近年来经典密度泛函理论在预测金属-有机骨架材料吸附特性方面的研究进展,重点介绍了经过快速傅里叶变换加速后的经典密度泛函理论在MOF吸附材料的大规模筛选方面的应用。相较传统的计算机分子模拟,加速后的经典密度泛函理论的优势在于计算效率,对于简单的小分子气体系统尤其具有优势,对MOF吸附材料进行大规模筛选是可行的;但对于对复杂分子的处理尚没有特别有效的方法,如何合理构建复杂流体自由能泛函是它面临的主要挑战。     

功能性丙烯酸酯乳液的制备与应用研究进展

介绍了核-壳乳液聚合、乳液互穿聚合物网络、无皂乳液聚合、微乳液与细乳液聚合等方法与技术在制备功能性丙烯酸酯乳液中的应用。阐述了有机硅、有机氟、聚氨酯、环氧树脂等改性方法用于制备功能性丙烯酸乳液的研究进展。详细介绍了功能性丙烯酸乳液在功能涂料、胶黏剂、皮革涂饰剂、油墨等领域的应用现状,提出了功能性丙烯酸酯乳液的发展趋势：采用新的聚合技术、改性技术制备具有附加值高、性能优异且环境友好的水性功能性乳液是今后丙烯酸酯乳液的主要发展方向。     

Cytotoxic effect of functionalized superparamagnetic samarium doped iron oxide nanoparticles for hyperthermia application

Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia (MFH) is an emerging and safe technique for cancer treatment. Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy are widely adopted techniques for treating cancer but cause damage to the nearby healthy tissue. This paves the way for hyperthermia treatment for cancer. Since healthy cells are more heat-tolerant than malignant cells, magnetic nanoparticles with superparamagnetic properties were used in hyperthermia treatment. Surface modified magnetite (Fe₃O₄) iron oxide nanoparticles with enhanced stability, solubility, bio-compatibility and magnetic property were employed in hyperthermia treatment. In the present study, Superparamagnetic Samarium doped magnetite (Fe₃O₄:Sm) nanoparticles were functionalized with Oleylamine (OAm) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) by the sol-gel process. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). From XRD data, the crystallite size of oleylamine coated samarium doped magnetite (OAm–Fe₃O₄:Sm) and PVA-coated samarium doped Fe₃O₄ (PVA- Fe₃O₄:Sm) were found to be 9.5 nm and 10.9 nm, respectively. TEM images of the functionalized nanoparticles were visualized as a spherical structure with reduced agglomeration. UV-DRS gives the bandgap value of OAm–Fe₃O₄:Sm and PVA- Fe₃O₄:Sm coated samarium doped magnetite to be 2.3 eV and 2 eV respectively. VSM measurement of OAm-Fe₃O₄:Sm and PVA- Fe₃O₄:Sm coated, showed superparamagnetic behaviour. The cytotoxicity study on the L929 cell line shows that both oleylamine and PVA-coated samarium doped magnetite were less toxic and biocompatible compared to the uncoated Fe₃O₄:Sm. The hyperthermia study reveals a rise in temperature within a few seconds with a high Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value, confirming that the functionalized Samarium doped Fe₃O₄ was an effective nanomaterial for hyperthermia application.     

角蛋白基药物载体的发展及应用探讨

从毛发中提取角蛋白，开发具有独特功能的角蛋白基药物载体材料，提高药物的活性和生物利用率，既能够增加毛发的利用价值，又能够实现节能减排，符合可持续发展战略要求。对毛发中提取角蛋白进行二硫键重建、自由基聚合、多糖改性和烷基化等改性处理，赋予角蛋白基药物载体优异地功能特性，进一步拓宽其作为角蛋白基药物载体的应用范围。角蛋白基药物载体可被加工成纳米粒子、纤维支架、水凝胶等各种形式用于药物的递送。作为一种高硫含量且具有良好细胞相容性的结构蛋白，角蛋白基药物载体在组织工程、再生医学等领域扮演着重要的角色。     

Synthesis of new type of Au-magnetic nanocomposite and application for protein separation thereof

We present a different strategy for synthesizing the Au-γ-Fe₂O₃ bifunctional nanoparticle by using a larger (50 nm) Au nanoparticle as the core surrounded by smaller (10 nm) γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles. The synthesis of the composite nanoparticles is quite facile based on a simple redox process whereby Fe²⁺ is used to reduce Au³⁺. The morphology and composition of the product is measured by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and UV–vis spectroscopy. We demonstrate the utility of these as-prepared Au-γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles by showing they can be used to separate proteins in solution. For example, bovine serum is efficiently removed from an aqueous solution with the simple addition of the NPs and application of a small magnet. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is performed to evaluate the fidelity and efficiency of the protein separation procedure.     

功能聚氨酯材料研究进展及应用

综述了功能聚氨酯高分子材料的研究进展,介绍了生物降解聚氨酯、医用聚氨酯、导电聚氨酯、抗静电聚氨酯、抗菌聚氨酯、发光聚氨酯等聚氨酯功能材料的特点及研究进展,并对功能性的聚氨酯材料的发展作了展望。     

松香基功能性单体的合成及应用

松香是我国重要的林业生物质资源,主要成分为松香树脂酸。由于松香分子结构中含有双键和羧基,可经多种反应途径合成功能性单体制备高分子材料,广泛应用在涂料、胶黏剂、航空航天等领域中。由于松香价格低廉、力学性能与热性能优越,同时具有环境友好、可再生等优点,在高分子领域引起了广泛的关注。论文分别对丙烯酸酯类、乙烯基酯类及烯丙基类的改性松香功能性单体的合成进行了综述,重点论述了在聚氨酯树脂、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、有机硅树脂和不饱和聚酯等领域的应用。针对松香基功能性单体的深度研究,探讨了一系列由松香基衍生物参与的新型材料的应用,为新型表面活性剂、交联剂、形状记忆类材料等领域的发展提供了新的视角。最后,论文对未来松香基高分子材料合成研究的方向进行了展望。     

官能化聚烯烃的进展和应用

官能化聚烯烃是由聚烯烃改性后得到的产物,一般通过交联改性、共聚改性、固相力化学改性和接枝改性等方法制备,可应用于黏附、能源和封装等多重领域。基于聚烯烃高通量低成本的优势,聚烯烃接枝改性利用自由基反应直接向聚烯烃链上引入极性单体,较为经济便捷。聚烯烃接枝改性按反应条件的不同,又可分为溶液接枝、熔融接枝、辐射接枝、固相接枝和悬浮接枝。在接枝改性过程中,接枝率和接枝效率受多种因素影响,如聚烯烃型号、接枝单体、引发剂、共单体和反应条件等。本文综述了聚烯烃接枝改性不同接枝方法的研究进展,分析了各种接枝方法的优势和短板,并将接枝改性过程中的影响因素进行了总结。文章依据聚烯烃的可控自由基接枝改性和金属催化改性以及官能化聚烯烃的应用,展望了聚烯烃可控改性和官能化聚烯烃规模化生产。     

Preparation of superparamagnetic immunomicrospheres and application for antibody purification

A novel and effective protocol for the preparation of superparamagnetic immunomicrospheres has been developed. First, micro‐size magnetic poly (methacrylate‐divinylbenzene) (PMA‐DVB) spheres were prepared by a modified suspension polymerization method. The oleic acid coated magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles made by coprecipitation were mixed with monomers of MA, DVB, and initiator benzoyl peroxide (BPO) to form oil in water emulsion droplets with the presence of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA‐1788) as a stabilizer. The polymerization reaction was carried out in a 2‐L beaker equipped with four vertical stainless steel baffleplates by increasing the temperature of the mixture at a controlled rate. The resulting magnetic microspheres are micro‐sized (less than 8μm in diameter) and 80 percent of them are in the size ranging from 1 to 5 μm. Then, they were highly functionalized via ammonolysis reaction with ethylenediamine, and the surface amino‐modified magnetic microspheres were obtained. The morphology and properties of these magnetic microspheres were examined by SEM, TEM, VSM, and FT‐IR. Affinity ligand protein A (ProtA) was covalently immobilized to the amino‐modified magnetic microspheres by the glutaraldehyde method. These ProtA‐immobilized magnetic immunomicrospheres were effective for affinity bioseparation processes, as was demonstrated by the efficient immunoaffinity purification of antibodies IgG2a (22mg per gram of microspheres) from mouse ascites. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2205–2211, 2004     

生物技术在功能性纺织纤维中的应用和展望

综述了生物酶、转基因、天然材料、生物添加剂等生物技术在新型纺织材料中的应用研究进展。重 点介绍了蜘蛛丝、聚乳酸纤维、麦饭石纤维以及我国自主研制的大豆蛋白纤维和竹纤维等,展望了生物技术 在功能性纺织纤维中的开发和应用前景。     

Preparation and in-vitro characterization of electrospun bioactive glass nanotubes as mesoporous carriers for ibuprofen

59SiO₂–36CaO–5P₂O₅ (mol%) as 58S bioactive glass nanotubes were successfully prepared using a coaxial electrospinning process, loaded with Ibuprofen (IBU), and characterized for in-vitro drug release properties. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was exploited to manipulate the precursor solutions viscosity. The influence of PVP concentration on fiber formation and its morphology were investigated. The acceptable formation was achieved eventually by dissolving 8 g PVP in 10 ml ethanol. Bioactive glass nanotubes were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), simultaneous thermal analysis (STA-TG/DTA), nitrogen sorption porosimetry (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV–vis), and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis (EDS). Accordingly, FT-IR and TG analyses indicated the synthesis of bioactive glass nanotubes has a satisfactory ability to store IBU due to hydrogen bonding between drug and glass. Furthermore, in-vitro drug release tests verified that samples of drug-loaded glass nanotubes were based on Korsmeyer-Peppas model and Fickian diffusion release mechanism. The surface of 58S glass nanotubes was fully crystallized, mostly by hydroxylapatite phase and partially by tetracalcium phosphate layer after immersion in SBF for 14 days.     

纳滤膜分离技术的发展与工业应用

膜分离技术是新型的高科技分离手段,介绍了纳滤膜的特点、发展过程以及在工业生产中的应用。     

裸藻蛋白泡沫分离的工艺优化及功能特性分析

以裸藻蛋白液为原料，通过泡沫分离法提取裸藻蛋白，以回收率和富集比为指标，通过单因素和响应面设计探究pH、装液量、温度、稀释倍数对裸藻蛋白的回收率和富集比的影响。同时研究了裸藻蛋白的功能特性，又采用傅里叶红外光谱和双光束紫外-可见分光光度计对蛋白进行结构分析，通过Peakfit Version软件对蛋白的二级结构进行鉴定，并通过氨基酸分析仪测定了裸藻蛋白的氨基酸组成。结果表明：裸藻蛋白泡沫分离的最佳条件为： pH5.5，装液量300 mL，温度30 ℃，稀释倍数15 倍，在此条件下的蛋白回收率为94.27%，富集比为4.18。蛋白的持水量在60 ℃最大，为7.27 g/g，持油量在40 ℃最大，为14.74 g/g。裸藻蛋白的乳化能力、乳化稳定性、起泡性、泡沫稳定性均随着质量分数的增大呈现先增加后减小的趋势。FT-IR和UV显示裸藻蛋白有典型的蛋白峰，它的二级结构表示裸藻蛋白以β-折叠为主。蛋白中必需氨基酸含量和疏水性氨基酸含量为35.28%和50.81%。     

Development of dual-model classical density functional theory and its application to gas adsorption in porous materials

Classical density functional theory (CDFT) is a useful theory in many fields. The basis of CDFT is spherical model and extending it to nonspherical molecules is a challenging issue due to the orientation/configuration of the molecules, which implies more complicated molecular models, and higher computational costs. In this work, we propose a dual-model classical density functional theory (DM-CDFT) to address this issue. The theory uses a more precise model (all-atom model) and a simpler model (coarsening model) to construct the external and excess free energy functionals, respectively. By using this methodology, CDFT could handle orientation/configuration effects with low computational costs. The theory is examined by applying it to gas adsorption (such as C₂H₂/C₂H₄/C₂H₆ and toxic gases) in porous materials, and the predicted adsorption isotherms verify the accuracy of the theory. Additionally, the predicted density profile indicates that rotation entropy plays an important role in the adsorption of nonspherical molecules.     

功能性超疏水表面的构建及其应用进展

由于具有独特的液体润湿性,超疏水表面在工业生产和日常生活中具有广阔的应用前景,但其单一的超疏水性却难以满足在严苛环境和新兴领域中的使用需求。近年来,将表面超疏水性与自修复性、透明性、导电性等至少一种功能相结合的功能性超疏水表面已成为该领域的研究热点,对于延长其使用寿命并拓宽其在柔性电子、快速融冰融雪等新兴领域中的应用具有重要意义。本文简单介绍了超疏水表面的基本原理,然后综述了近年来功能性超疏水表面的研究进展,具体介绍了可修复、可拉伸、透明、磁性、导电及非对称浸润性的功能性超疏水表面的构建和应用,最后总结了目前该领域存在的一些问题,主要包括功能性有待于改善、制备工艺复杂、成本高、污染环境、耐久性较差等,并指出利用简单环保的方法开发出能够长期使用的功能性超疏水表面将会是该领域未来的主要发展方向,同时要注重推动其实际生产及应用。     

带功能基聚硅氧烷的制备及在日化产品中的应用

阐述了带有聚醚基、氨基、季铵基和烷基等功能基聚硅氧烷的制备方法以及它们各自的特性。介绍了带功能基的聚硅氧烷在日化产品中的应用情况,并对其发展动向进行了预测。     

乳状液膜分离技术的发展与应用

乳状液膜分离技术综合了固体膜分离法和溶剂萃取法的特点,是一种新兴的节能型分离手段。介绍了乳状液膜的组成和分类,并对其传质机理和分离过程中的影响因素进行了分析。对乳状液膜在废水处理和冶金工业方面的应用进行了具体介绍。     

反应密度泛函理论的构建与初步应用

提高化学反应的选择性和转化率是发展绿色化学的重要内容。大部分化学反应都在溶液中发生,溶剂对于反应速率、平衡过程甚至反应机理都有重要的影响。溶剂效应对化学反应影响的理论研究比较缺乏。综述了近年来发展的理论模型及最近本课题组提出的反应密度泛函理论,分别介绍了反应密度泛函理论在水相、有机相、界面体系和限域体系中的应用,分析了不同反应溶剂结构对化学反应自由能分布的影响,总结了溶剂效应的影响机制,最后展望了自洽反应密度泛函理论的构建、反应-扩散耦合研究、聚合物反应密度泛函理论及反应密度泛函理论在反应溶剂筛选、界面反应和电解液设计中的应用。