低温相变蓄冷系统放冷特性的研究

为对工业蓄冷的应用及设计提供理论和实验依据,对内融冰水平盘管式蓄冷槽的放冷特性进行了实验研究,确定了KCl-H2O共晶盐体系在相变蓄冷系统中的传热特性,主要分析了载冷剂的进口温度对它的影响.通过对管外换热系数的实验值和根据导热理论计算值的比较,发现自然对流对换热的影响很大.放冷量用Fo、Ste和Re三个无量纲数回归,拟和得到的关联式可作为蓄冷系统的优化设计与运行的参考.     

空调共晶盐高温相变蓄冷技术的分析

全面介绍与分析了空调共晶盐高温相变蓄冷技术的相变材料的选择、配制、研究方法、材料的札装和蓄冷系统的布置方式与蓄放冷特性，探讨了蓄冷技术研究中需要关注的难点。共晶盐蓄冷技术吸收了水蓄冷、冰蓄冷系统的优点，具有广阔的市场前景。     

癸酸-正辛酸低温相变材料的制备和循环性能

本文研制了一种用于相变温度在0~5℃的冷藏运输系统的二元有机复合相变蓄冷材料。该材料由癸酸和辛酸按比例混合经超声波振荡后制得,质量配比为30∶70。通过步冷曲线法测定了不同质量配比的癸酸-正辛酸溶液的相变温度,利用相图确定了二元低共熔共晶点,此时的质量配比为30∶70。经差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测得共晶溶液的相变温度为1.5℃,相变潜热为120.6 J/g。癸酸-正辛酸共晶混合物经过30次、60次结晶与熔化循环后,相变温度、相变潜热均未发生明显变化。测试结果表明,该相变蓄冷材料具有合适的相变温度、较高的相变潜热和良好的循环热稳定性,在蓄冷系统尤其是冷藏运输系统中有着很大的应用潜力。     

低温相变蓄冷纳米流体成核过冷度的实验研究

在共晶盐BaCl2水溶液中添加亲水性分散剂,经过超声振动制备了粒径为20nm四种不同体积分数的TiO2-BaCl2-H2O纳米流体。对Baa2水溶液和纳米流体同步进行蓄冷实验,实验表明：加入纳米TiO2粉体后,可大幅度降低BaCl2水溶液的结晶成核过冷度,并且纳米流体的起始成核时间比BaCl2水溶液提前,结晶结束所花时间也要大大少于BaCl2水溶液。最后对纳米粒子影响基液的结晶机理进行了分析。     

可降解凝胶蓄冷剂的制备及性能分析

对温控包装中一种可降解凝胶蓄冷剂的制备方法进行了介绍,蓄冷剂以NaCl溶液作为主储能材料,淀粉系吸水树脂作为基材,通过添加成核剂来降低过冷度。实验结果表明,蓄冷剂的相变温度和相变潜热随着NaCl溶液浓度的增大而降低,筛选出的最佳成核剂有效降低了蓄冷剂的过冷度。研究工作验证了蓄冷剂的可生物降解性能,给出了适用于5～-10℃温控包装的凝胶蓄冷剂配方及其热物性参数。     

四丁基溴化铵水合物在空调蓄冷中的应用研究

基于研制一种适合空调蓄冷用相变材料的目的,进行了四丁基溴化铵（TBAB）一水二元体系的相平衡实验研究,得到适合蓄冷的TBAB溶液浓度为40．5％,其相变温度为12℃左右。在此基础上,通过添加NaCl改变溶液活度从而降低其相平衡温度的原理,往40．5％TBAB溶液中添加6％．8％NaCl,得到相平衡温度在6．8℃之间。得到的样品和传统的结晶盐相变材料相比具有外观均匀、稳定、不易老化等特点。     

低温相变蓄冷纳米复合流体成核过冷度的实验研究

在共晶盐BaCl2水溶液中添加亲水性分散剂,经过超声振动制备了粒径为20nm的4种不同体积分数的TiO2-BaCl2-H2O纳米流体.对BaCl2水溶液和纳米流体同步进行蓄冷实验,结果表明:加入纳米TiO2粉体后,可大幅度降低BaCl2水溶液的结晶成核过冷度,并且纳米流体的起始成核时间比BaCl2水溶液提前,结晶结束所花时间也大大少于BaCl2水溶液.最后对纳米粒子影响基液的结晶机理进行了分析.     

空调蓄冷材料热性能实验研究

通过实验研究了空调蓄冷材料的凝固温度、融解温度、凝固潜热和融解潜热等热学性能.该蓄冷材料是由两种相变材料构成.在热性能测试中,用示差扫描量热仪来测定蓄冷材料的潜热,用红外光谱仪来测定蓄冷材料的结构变化.该蓄冷材料的融解热是118.996kJ/kg、起始融解温度是6.399℃.其热容量比一般的无机水合盐大、融解温度比冰高.测试结果表明该相变蓄冷材料可用作为空调的蓄冷材料.     

一种新型空调蓄冷材料的研制

分析了当前空调蓄冷材料的研究现状及存在的一些问题,提出一种新型的相变蓄冷材料,该材料相变温度适宜,相变潜热大,具有重大的现实意义和实用价值.通过对KCL溶液的相图分析和热力性能的研究,联系实际应用情况,研制出一种新型相变组合材料,其相变温度在-5℃左右,相变潜热为280KJ/Kg.性能稳定,节能效果好,非常适合应用于低温送风与相变蓄冷相结合的空调系统中.     

相变温度可调的无机混盐体系相变储能材料

现阶段,利用无机水合盐制备相变储能材料已成为一大研究热点,但是单组份无机水合盐相变储能材料的相变温度高,较难适用于温室大棚、室内节能材料等低温应用领域。为了解决这一问题,将CaCl2·6H2O、MgCl2·6H2O以及H2O混合配制出了CaCl2-MgCl2-H2O混盐体系,并采用Thistory方法和差示扫描量热法研究了混盐的体系组成、成核剂添加量等因素对材料相变性能的影响。制备的CaCl2-MgCl2-H2O混盐相变材料可以在25℃以下完全熔解,并且通过改变混盐体系的组成可使材料凝固温度在10℃~20℃范围内可调。此外,本研究在一定程度上解决了无机水合盐相变储能材料在相变过程中的过冷和相分离现象。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.