盐酸克伦特罗的残留与食品安全

十年来,食品动物生产使用违禁药物"瘦肉精"--盐酸克仑特罗已受到了社会各个层面的广泛关注,食品安全越来越受到人们的重视.本文阐述了盐酸克伦特罗在机体内的分解代谢、残留和对人畜的危害.     

竞争酶联免疫吸附法测定猪肉中的瘦肉精

介绍了竞争酶联免疫吸附法测定猪肉中的盐酸克伦特罗的方法.利用盐酸克伦特罗试剂盒,对猪肉组织中残留的盐酸克伦特罗经抽提、竞争后,用酶标仪进行检测分析.此法较适用于现场检验,检测速度快、灵敏度高,是保证肉品卫生安全的较好监控方法.     

盐酸克伦特罗及肉品卫生

阐述了盐酸克伦特罗在机体内的分解代谢。残留和对人畜的危害。比较分析了残留的检测技术．重点阐述了ELlSA方法的原理、应用及发展前景，为保证肉品卫生作好监控。     

PCX柱净化-气相色谱质谱法测定牲畜瘦肉中的盐酸克伦特罗

<正>盐酸克伦特罗,又名瘦肉精,是一种对动物具有促进生长、减少脂肪含量的兴奋剂类物质,曾广泛应用于生猪的饲养。由于盐酸克伦特罗容易在动物组织内残留,当人们食用含有一定量盐酸克伦特罗的牲畜肉后,可能会引起中毒,所以我国已禁止将盐酸克伦特罗作为生长促进剂使用。但因其具经济效益,故非法使用盐酸克伦特罗的现象依然存在,因此建立快速高效的盐酸克伦特罗检测方法具有重要的意义。气相色谱-质谱检测盐酸克伦特罗的方法较多,如     

动物性食品中盐酸克伦特罗(瘦肉精)残留危害及其检测方法研究进展

介绍了盐酸克伦特罗 (瘦肉精 )的理化特性 ,分析了它在动物性食品中残留对人体和国民经济所造成的危害 ,同时又综述了动物肌肉组织中残留盐酸克伦特罗 (瘦肉精 )的各种分析检测方法并作了展望     

盐酸克伦特罗在肉制品中的危害及其检测方法研究进展

盐酸克伦特罗抑制脂肪合成,增加瘦肉率,被非法作为饲料添加剂使用。人食用含有盐酸克伦特罗的肉制品会危害身体健康。介绍盐酸克伦特罗的理化性质及中国、欧盟、日本对其残留量的要求,总结残留在肉及肉制品中的盐酸克伦特罗的检测方法。     

基于酶联免疫法检测盐酸克伦特罗的微流控系统

基于微流控技术和酶联免疫法的原理建立动物性食品中盐酸克伦特罗残留的检测技术,确保食品安全。设计制作的微流控芯片结合搭建的微流控酶联免疫实验平台,可以实现对动物性食品中盐酸克伦特罗的现场、简便、快速的免疫反应和检测。结果表明:通过在芯片上包被盐酸克伦特罗抗原,由实验平台自动完成进样、清洗过程,30 min内即可实现对盐酸克伦特罗的快速检测。标准品检测范围为(0.10~8.10)ng/m L,加标回收率在95.5%~107.3%之间。使用微流控盐酸克伦特罗残留检测芯片系统,具有快速、自动化程度高、灵敏度高、成本低、方法学性能良好等优势,特别适用于非专业人士进行盐酸克伦特罗残留的现场、快速检测。     

动物性食品中残留盐酸克伦特罗的研究进展

介绍了盐酸克伦特罗(瘦肉精)的理化特性,分析了它在动物性食品中残留对人体和国民经济所造成的危害,同时又综述了动物肌肉组织中残留盐酸克伦特罗(瘦肉精)的各种分析检测方法并作了展望。     

盐酸克伦特罗的残留与食品安全

十年来,食品动物生产使用违禁药物"瘦肉精"——盐酸克仑特罗已受到了社会各个层面的广泛关注,食品安全越来越受到人们的重视。本文阐述了盐酸克伦特罗在机体内的分解代谢、残留和对人畜的危害。     

应用ELISE法测定盐酸克伦特罗的残留

介绍了酶联免疫吸附法测定猪肉中的盐酸克伦特罗的方法.利用试剂盒对猪肉中的盐酸克伦特罗残留处理后,用酶标仪进行检测分析.此法较适用于现场检验,检测速度快、灵敏度高,是保证肉品卫生安全的较好监控方法.     

食品中链霉素残留检测技术研究进展

链霉素是一种氨基糖苷类广谱抗生素,因其抗菌效果好、价格低廉,常被作为饲料添加剂、治疗剂、果蔬病害防治剂等广泛应用于畜牧业、养蜂业、水产业及农业上。随着链霉素在农业、畜牧业中的大量使用,动植物体内的链霉素药物大量滞留和蓄积,并以食物链方式进入人体,危害人类健康。许多国家对食品中链霉素残留高度重视,并相继制定颁发了链霉素残留限量标准。鉴于链霉素残留引起的诸多食品安全问题,建立食品中链霉素的检测方法具有重要的意义。本文对食品中链霉素检测技术的研究现状进行了综述,并重点介绍了微生物法、免疫分析法、色谱分析法、分光光度法等方法在链霉素检测中的应用,对各方法的优缺点及链霉素检测方法的发展趋势进行了分析。     

Organochlorine and organophosphorus residues in the fat of domestic farm animal species, Ontario, Canada 1986-1988

During the period 1986-1988 a total of 602 samples of animal products were analysed for organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides and industrial organic pollutants. Samples of abdominal fat were collected from avian, bovine, caprine, lupine, ovine and porcine species together with hen eggs. The following six compounds were identified in animal tissues: DDE, dieldrin, lindane, PCB, pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol. Pentachlorophenol was the most frequently found contaminant, being identified in 35% of samples, and DDE was the second in 21%. All other contaminants were present in less than 10% of samples. The residues of all six compounds detected were added to give a combined residue. Forty-three per cent of samples had non-detectable residues. A further 31% had combined residues adding to less than 0.01 mg/kg. The highest combined residues ranged between 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg and were present in 2.8% of samples. One egg sample had a residue of 0.16 mg/kg that exceeded the 0.1 mg/kg maximum residue limit for pentachlorophenol. Residues of chlordane and its metabolites, heptachlor and its epoxide, endosulphan and its sulphate metabolite, dicofol, HCB and mirex were below their detection limits in all samples and no residues of the organophosphorus insecticide listed as applied to livestock were found in meat, fat or egg tissues.     

再生动物蛋白纤维的生产工艺与设备

根据我国羊毛、蚕丝等动物蛋白纤维远远不能满足人们需求的实际，提出采用皮革工业下脚料、毛纺工业下脚料、畜禽毛发、奶渣、蚕蛹、昆虫等动物蛋白质原料，开发生产再生动物蛋白纤维，并对生产再生动物蛋白纤维的工艺流程、关键技术、设备改造及配置比选方案进行了讨论。     

酶联免疫和气质联用检测动物不同组织中残留甲羟孕酮

本文应用酶联免疫分析(ELISA)测定了MPA在动物源可食性组织中的残留量,并采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)方法加以确证。以0.8mg/kg剂量连续喂服5d,停药7d后,白兔的腿肌肉、肝脏和肾脏中中MPA残留量分别为白兔腿肌肉残留量为7、6、23μg/kg水平。分析GC-MS确证方法与ELISA方法所得结果,两者检测结果相关性良好。     

Concentrations of antibiotic residues vary between different edible muscle tissues in poultry

Antibiotics are used by veterinarians and producers to treat disease and improve animal production. The federal government, to ensure the safety of the food supply, establishes antibiotic residue tolerances in edible animal tissues and determines the target tissues (e.g., muscle) for residue monitoring. However, when muscle is selected as the target tissue, the federal government does not specify which type of muscle tissue is used for monitoring (e.g., breast versus thigh). If specific muscle tissues incorporate residues at higher concentrations, these tissues should be selected for residue monitoring. To evaluate this possibility in poultry, chickens were divided into four groups and at 33 days of age were dosed with enrofloxacin (Baytril), as per label directions, at either 25 ppm for 3 days, 25 ppm for 7 days, 50 ppm for 3 days, or 50 ppm for 7 days. Breast and thigh muscle tissues were collected from each bird (n = 5 birds per day per group) during the dosing and withdrawal period, and fluoroquinolone concentrations were determined. The results indicate higher overall enrofloxacin concentrations in breast versus thigh muscle for each treatment group (P < 0.05). These data indicate, at least for enrofloxacin, that not all muscle tissues incorporate antibiotics at the same concentrations. These results may be helpful to regulatory agencies as they determine what tissues are to be monitored to ensure that the established residue safety tolerance levels are not exceeded.     

动物源性食品中抗生素残留、耐药细菌的分布及耐药基因的水平传播

目的：调查动物源性食品中抗生素的残留、耐药细菌的分布及抗生素对耐药基因水平转移的影响。方法：利用盐析辅助液液萃取/高效液相色谱/串联质谱法对市售动物源性食品中18种抗生素的含量进行检测;对样品中的需氧菌进行分离鉴定,利用PCR技术调查耐药基因的分布,通过接合转移试验调查抗生素胁迫对耐药基因水平传播的影响。结果：50份动物源性食品中检出环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、土霉素、金霉素、磺胺嘧啶和磺胺二甲嘧啶。162株分离株中磺胺甲基异恶唑耐药基因sul1的检出率最高。在环丙沙星胁迫下,三株供体菌中耐药基因qnrS的接合转移率均高于对照组。结论：动物源性食品中喹诺酮类、磺胺类和四环素类抗生素均有不同程度的残留。亚抑菌浓度抗生素促进耐药基因的接合转移。     

农药生物传感器所用酶的比较研究

在利用农药对酶的抑制反应来检测农药的方法中，选用的酶既可以是动物酯酶，也可以是植物酯酶。本文采用分光光度计法，对植物再生产 动物酯酶在不同pH值下的酶活，抑制程度等性质进行了实验研究。结果表明：动物酯酶中的苍蝇酶，蝇蛆酶与植物酯酶中的小麦酯酶相比，它们的活力和被农药抑制程度处于相近的;植物酯酶中小麦与玉米相比，玉米酯酶的活力远低于小麦酯酶的活力，不适于用来进行抑制反应检测农药。动物酯酶在pH值为7．5时活力最高，小麦酯酶在pH值6．5时最高。     

基于色谱-质谱法分析食品中硝基咪唑类药物残留的研究进展

硝基咪唑类药物是一类具有抗菌、抗原虫作用的化合物,广泛用于兽禽饲料。硝基咪唑类物质及其代谢物的复杂性导致该类组分的检测困难且方法复杂繁琐。本文论述了硝基咪唑类兽药分析检测的研究背景和现状,并对国内外肉类食品中硝基咪唑类兽药残留的前处理方法及其检测方法进行综述,同时对硝基咪唑类药物及其代谢产物残留分析的研究方向进行了展望。     

Utilization of ensiled corn crop residues by Holstein heifers.

Corn crop residues were harvested 1 to 2 d after harvest of high moisture corn. Half the harvested residues were treated with an aqueous solution of ammonia before ensiling to give 34 g of ammonia/kg of residue DM. The untreated half was the control silage. Both silages were ensiled in bunker silos. More residues were harvested 2.5 wk later from the same field and combined with Brassica napus L. before ensiling in a bag, and this constituted the third forage treatment. Three diets containing 48.8, 46.5, and 63.8% residue silage (DM basis), with the latter containing corn crop residue and brassica in a 3:1 ratio, were designated as control, ammoniated, and brassica, respectively. The other ingredients of the diet were alfalfa silage, cracked corn, and urea. The diets were fed to Holstein heifers averaging 186 kg (light BW) and 372 kg (heavy BW). Weight gains were similar at 84 d for heifers fed the control and the ammoniated residue diets. Light and heavy heifers gained 619 and 631 g/d with the control diet and 678 and 631 g/d with the ammoniated residue diets. At 70 d, the heavy heifers fed control, ammoniated, and brassica diets had weight gains of 629, 671, and 786 g/d, respectively. Digestion coefficients were similar between the control and ammoniated residue diets: DM (62.6 and 58.7%), NDF (56.7 and 56.2%), and ADF (56.3 and 55.8%). Ammonia treatment of corn crop residue silage had no effect on animal performance or digestibility. Brassica appeared to improve animal performance when it was mixed with corn crop residue silage.