空间展开桁架结构的减振优化设计方法

航天器的空间可展桁架机构在展开锁定后形成一个大跨度的支撑结构。为满足设计要求,需要抑制某些模态的响应对振动进行控制。研究了利用粘弹性阻尼器减振的结构优化设计方法,选取了粘弹性阻尼器的计算模型并说明其有限元模拟方法,基于粘弹性阻尼器减振仿真过程的自动化,在给定阻尼器个数和系数的条件下,以模态阻尼比最大为目标对阻尼器位置进行了优化配置,优化后取得了良好的减振效果。方法对空间桁架结构的减振有实际意义。     

宽带白噪声激励下粘弹性阻尼薄板的振动分析

恶劣的噪声环境将影响飞行器的正常工作,因此飞行器的典型结构在噪声激励下响应的正确分析就显得十分必要。针对白噪声声源的特点,使用Monte-Carlo方法模拟了噪声载荷的时域信号。建立了钛合金薄板及其粘弹性约束层阻尼处理后的有限元模型,结合有限元方法分析了薄板在高强度噪声载荷作用下的振动响应,并对比粘弹性阻尼添加前后的振动位移和应力分析了噪声环境下的粘弹性阻尼薄板的减振性能。研究结果表明,粘弹性约束层能改变钛合金薄板的固有频率,能够降低噪声载荷引起的薄板振动位移和应力。     

一种新型非线性阻尼器的设计及特性研究

提出一种利用搭扣带的分布式粘弹性单元结构特性设计阻尼器的新思路,并设计制作出尼龙搭扣阻尼器,分别通过载荷-位移特性试验和动态特性试验,获得尼龙搭扣阻尼器的载荷-位移特性曲线和幅频特性曲线.试验结果表明,尼龙搭扣阻尼器载荷-位移曲线呈显出明显的迟滞特性,能有效消耗振动能量而起到减振作用;用半功率带宽法得到阻尼器共振情况下的阻尼比.实验结果表明,该阻尼器的阻尼系数较大,体现尼龙搭扣阻尼器良好的阻尼特性及减振性能.根据阻尼器的非线性力学特性,建立这种粘弹性阻尼器的力学模型,对阻尼器迟滞恢复力模型的非线性参数进行识别,取得很好的识别精度.结果表明建立的力学模型能很好地反映阻尼器的动力学特性.     

并联式六自由度电液伺服平台

介绍一种可进行大转角大幅值位移量振动的多自由度振动台，即并联式六自由度电液伺服平台，简述该平台的结构特点、作为振动台存在的优势及用于振动控制的位置逆正解法。     

并联式六自由度意液伺服平台

介绍一种可进行大转解大幅值位移量振动的我自由度振动台，即并联式六自由度电液伺服平台，阐述该平台的结构特点、作为振动台存在的优势及用于振动控制的位置逆正解法。     

基于磁流变阻尼器的机床液体静压导轨主动抑振方法研究

针对液体静压导轨在高速启停及变速瞬间切向振动的问题,将磁流变阻尼器应用于机床静压导轨切向运动方向的抑振.建立了系统单自由度振动模型,基于增量谐波平衡算法,以弧长作为控制增量研究了系统的动态响应.通过数值计算发现:磁流变阻尼器抑制静压导轨的振动是可行的;阻尼器控制电流由零逐渐增大时,振动系统幅频响应由硬特性向软特性转变,...     

基于磁流变阻尼器的履带车辆悬挂系统半主动控制

将磁流变阻尼器应用于履带车辆的悬挂系统中,研究了磁流变阻尼器在不同电流下的力学特性和耗能特性。建立了履带车辆二自由度车体振动模型,提出了基于线性二次型(LQR)最优控制理论的半主动控制算法。对典型沙土路面激励下履带车辆悬挂系统的半主动控制效果进行了仿真,与被动及开关控制的减振效果进行比较,得出了车体振动加速度、线位移、角加速度和角位移的响应曲线。结果表明,该控制算法对基于磁流变阻尼器的履带车辆悬挂系统有着很好的控制效果。     

深水海洋钻井平台振动特性研究

海洋油气勘探力度的加大使钻井平台的使用量增加,结构的振动行为对平台的使用与维护都具有重要影响。通过建立海洋平台的悬臂梁模型,对结构进行质量、刚度和阻尼等效,分析了结构的单自由度自由振动响应和承受简谐外激载荷时的受迫振动响应。通过对振动响应幅值求极值,得到对应与阻尼比相关的频率比,此时系统出现共振现象。对于小阻尼比系统,当外激频率接近固有频率时易出现共振现象。     

两自由度被动阻尼器设计及数控加工应用

为了对被动阻尼器的设计参数进行优化,抑制切削振动,提高切削效率与质量,通过研究对比各优化准则下单自由度、两自由度、两重及三重阻尼器的抑振性能,表明两自由度阻尼器综合性能更为优越。在此基础上提出一种两自由度阻尼器结构方案,并推导该阻尼器的动力学特性,并结合有限元方法进行验证。设计了弱刚性工装系统并开展切削实验,通过对比阻尼器安装前后工件振动的信号,表明两自由度阻尼器可将切削振动幅值最大降低56.4%。     

基于TMD-HMD的海上浮式风力机主被动综合振动控制

在恶劣的海洋环境中,随机风浪载荷使风机平台和塔顶产生较大的振动位移,严重威胁风机结构的安全性。为此提出TMD-HMD主被动综合控制方法对海上浮式风力机进行振动控制,在Spar式浮动风力机平台内放置多个调谐质量阻尼器,构成多重调谐质量阻尼器(Multiple tuned mass damper,MTMD),在机舱内放置一个调谐质量阻尼器(Tuned mass damper, TMD)。首先基于欧拉-拉格朗日能量方程建立了风机系统11自由度空间动力学简化模型,利用Levenberg-Marquardt算法估计平台的刚度和阻尼参数,并通过与美国可再生实验室开发的FAST全耦合模型对比验证了模型的正确性;然后采用Van-Nguyen Dinh的方法优化了TMD的参数;接着在机舱TMD上施加主动控制力形成混合质量阻尼器(Hybrid mass damper,HMD),与平台TMD共同构成TMD-HMD综合振动控制系统,其中主动控制力通过线性二次型控制(Linear quadratic regulator,LQR)获得,LQR中的权重系数Q和R采用穷举法优化;最后在风浪联合载荷下分别研究了TMD被动控制和TMD-HMD主被动综合控制对风机动态响应的抑制效果。结果表明:与单独TMD被动控制相比,TMD-HMD主被动综合控制对风机平台纵摇角和塔顶纵向位移的抑制效果分别提高了约38%和20%,使其振动能量分别减少了72%和40%。     

Fast drive of displacement magnification mechanism with flexure hinge using loading type impact damper

A displacement magnification mechanism which uses flexure motion guide using elastic hinges can realize smooth frictionless motion but has poor vibration damping capability. An impact damper is a damping mechanism which uses collision energy to dissipate vibration energy. If the damper is used for vibration control of the flexure mechanism, it may be able to dissipate unexpected vibration without killing the merits of the flexure mechanism. In the paper, a loading type impact damper is applied to settle down transient vibration of a displacement magnification mechanism. We investigate differences of damping effect by setting conditions of the damper. It is shown that the impact damper can eliminate residual vibration at step response effectively without steady state error. The experimental displacement magnification mechanism with impact damper can settle down less than 1/5 of the response without the damper under appropriate setting conditions. Influence of natural frequency ratio between damper and displacement magnification mechanism is investigated. Influences of indentation at impact point are also examined.     

具有粘性阻尼作用的粘弹性直杆的纵向振动

对具有粘性阻尼作用下的 Kelvin模型粘弹性杆的纵向振动问题 ,通过复数理论 ,将复特征方程化为两个联立的非线性特征方程组 ,分析了无量纲粘性阻尼系数、粘性阻尼作用位置及材料的无量纲松弛时间对一端固定一端自由的 Kelvin粘弹性杆复频率的影响。     

Modelling of viscoelastic damper support for reduction in low frequency residual vibration in machine tools

Residual vibrations deteriorate the accuracy and productivity of precision machine tools. Rocking vibration is excited by feed motion. Rocking vibration is the mode in which the entire machine vibrates and is the main source of residual vibrations at low frequencies. The characteristics of rocking vibration are influenced by the characteristics of the machine support structure. Thus, it is necessary to increase the damping of the machine support structure to reduce the residual vibrations caused by rocking vibration. In addition, it is important for machine tools to be stiff to reduce vibrations caused by the acceleration of feed drives. Conventional passive damper supports decrease the stiffness of a machine support structure while increasing the damping. Consequently, a passive viscoelastic damper system is developed to increase support damping without decreasing stiffness by focusing on the horizontal component of rocking vibration. However, the proposed damper damping capacity has a magnitude dependency. This makes it difficult to quantitatively determine the damper area in machine tools to reduce rocking vibrations to the required level. In this study, the developed damper is modeled using a viscoelastic four element model. Because of the nonlinearity of the model, an iterative time domain calculation method is introduced for the simulation. This method enables us to quantitatively estimate the effect of the damper on the machine tool. Based on the model proposed in this study, the proposed damper system can be applied to various machine tools to reduce the residual vibration without adjusting the damper area on the machine tool by a trial and error method.     

缘板干摩擦阻尼器叶片减振实验研究

为了减小叶片振动,在叶片缘板部位设置干摩擦阻尼器,以引入外加阻尼。本文介绍缘板干摩擦阻尼器叶片减振实验研究方法;针对带阻尼器的单叶片、双叶片,在3种激振力、9种正压力情况下,进行1阶弯曲、1阶扭转、2阶弯曲强迫振动实验;对试验结果进行分析,获得阻尼器对不同振型下振动响应和谐振频率的基本影响规律。实验结果表明:干摩擦阻尼器对1阶弯曲、1阶扭转振动有一定的减振效果;对2阶弯曲振动没有减振作用。     

风洞模型主动抑振器的设计与实验

研究了风洞模型主动振动的抑制原理,并结合叠堆式压电陶瓷作动器的压电效应设计了一套并联式主动抑振器。首先,针对模型支杆系统及其动力学特征,分析了支杆抑振原理,提出了一种基于叠堆式压电陶瓷作动器的风洞模型抑振器。然后,构建了抑振器实时控制系统,针对其驱动位移滞后的特点,研究了基于PD调节器的控制方法。最后,搭建了地面实验平台,利用锤击法和激振法对抑振器进行了地面实验。实验结果表明:抑振器具有提高支杆系统阻尼的能力,对风洞模型在俯仰和偏航两个方向上的抑振效果明显,特别是俯仰方向上,抑制器工作后系统阻尼比可由0.009提高到0.092,抑振后剩余振幅比例约为25%。试验结果验证了该风洞模型主动抑振器的可行性与有效性。     

Free vibration analysis of a resilient impact damper

The free vibration of a vibratory system equipped with a resilient impact damper is studied. A simple model of impact damper is constructed using spring, mass and viscous damper. The important feature to be carried out in the analysis of this model is that the deformation of an impact damper during the collision with and the main mass can be formulated; therefore, the contact time is taken into consideration. This feature is important for a resilient rather than a rigid impact damper when the noise issue is concerned. The investigation showed that the effective reduction of the vibration response depends not on the number of impacts but primarily on the type of collision that the impact mass collides with the main mass face-to-face. Results also show that the clearance of an effective impact damper should be smaller than twice of the initial displacement of the main mass of the vibration system if the system is stimulated by an initial displacement only. Finally, an example of application of an impact damper on a cantilever beam is demonstrated.     

缘板干摩擦阻尼叶片振动计算的传递矩阵法

为了研究带缘板干摩擦阻尼器叶片的振动问题,本文将用于链状结构系统的传递矩阵法引入到板状结构的叶片振动计算之中。简化叶片结构的物理模型、推导各种站型的传递矩阵,并用算例说明传递矩阵法在模型叶片振动计算的应用。用ANSYS有限元对叶片振动进行计算,以验证传递矩阵方法及计算结果的正确性。计算结果表明:传递矩阵法能够用于叶片振动计算;采用缘板干摩擦阻尼器对叶片的减振效果显著。     

双筒单出杆式磁流变阻尼器力学特性研究

介绍了一种基于流动模式的双筒单出杆式磁流变阻尼器结构和工作原理,推导了其阻尼力公式。对基于上述结构的MRF阻尼器的阻尼力、电流、位移、速度和频率等力学特性进行了试验研究。结果表明流动模式磁流变阻尼器的阻尼力随控制电流的增大呈非线性增加,其耗能减振能力优于传统的被动阻尼器。气囊导致压缩行程终点阻尼力放大,并可以在一定程度上消除复原行程的空程现象。而阻尼器的结构尺寸和所选用的磁流变液一旦确定,其可调倍数只依赖于最优的磁路设计。通过深入分析该型阻尼器的动力特性,为改进研制装甲车辆磁流变减振器奠定了基础。     

自耦合电流变阻尼器及其性能

电流变液与压电陶瓷组合的阻尼器是一种自耦合阻尼器。对直压式自耦合电流变阻尼器的性能进行了理论计算,并制作了直压式自耦合电流变液阻尼器。性能测试表明:压电陶瓷激励了电流变液;电流变液阻尼的变化改变了阻尼器的共振频率,并使振动幅度降低最高达30％。     

Research on the Dynamic Characteristics of a Controlled Magnetorheological Elastometer Damper

The design of a controlled damper on the basis of a magnetorheological elastomer is described. The technique of determining the dynamic characteristics of the damper, such as the stability, the time constant, and the positioning error, in an active step-by-step displacement mode is presented. A dynamic model of the automatic-control system of the controlled damper is described. The results of experimental studies of the damper start-off current, which amounted to 0.05 A, and the transient process during movement from one point to another (the error does not exceed 2 μm) are presented.