高炉冷却板热负荷监测系统开发

介绍了安装在２高炉上的冷却板热负荷监测系统的原理、系统构成（工控计算机、ＰＡＲＡＧＯＮ组态软件，检测传感器）以及系统具有的功能，如连续检测冷却板水流量，水温差、热流密度，并可打印报表，显示图形。系统具有运行可靠，抗干扰性强的特点。     

Effect of Envelope on Residential Cooling Load Coupled with Use of Solar/Photovoltaic Panels

Three identically oriented homes were used for the study. Two of the homes were identically constructed using wood frame/stucco construction while the third used a wall of sandwiched Styrofoam in between concrete layers. It was found that the concrete house on the average consumed about 15% less energy for HVAC operation than the wood frame houses. Also the photovoltaic array placed on the roofs of two of the houses indicated a reduction in electrical energy consumption from the grid of about 20% of the HVAC electrical energy consumed. TRACE-700 simulation runs were made on both types of houses to determine the design cooling load for each of the houses and the total consumed electrical energy for each house over the whole year on a monthly basis. It was found that in the summer a 20% reduction of electrical energy for HVAC is predicted due to the use of the concrete house as compared to the wood frame homes. In addition a linear correlation was found to represent reasonably well the variation of the daily kilowatt hour versus the daily degree day value for a typical summer month in the Las Vegas, Nev. valley for all three houses. The slope of that line for the concrete home was about 24% less steep than the line for the wood frame construction confirmation in part theoretical calculations that this wall construction is more energy conserving than the base case.     

热持久对YSZ热障涂层隔热性能的影响规律

目前热障涂层（TBCs）作为最先进的高温防护涂层之一,已在发动机涡轮叶片上获得了广泛的应用。本文采用涂层热性能高温环境实验系统对发动机环境叶片涂层热持久实验后YSZ热障涂层的隔热能力开展了研究,获得了实验室环境下YSZ热障涂层长时间工作后隔热性能的变化规律,并从微观组织结构变化规律方面开展了分析。     

绝热层结构等效有限元模型的研究及应用

为了简化绝热层的有限元计算模型,提出了等效换热系数的概念,将绝热层和热交换介质的传热过程简化成等效热交换,并由此给出了平壁和圆筒壁传热的等效换热系数计算公式。该方法不仅极大地简化了热力学中的有限元模型,而且顺利解决了一些由于模型过大导致的问题。仿真结果表明:该方法准确可信,将其应用于鼓风站管道的有限元计算中,取得了令人满意的结果。     

Hydrothermal Modeling Studies of Cooling Tower Alternatives

The Environmental Effects Committee of the ASCE Energy Engineering Division has been developing a report on “Energy Production and Reservoir Water Quality” for publication. The report covers the regulatory framework that dictates much of the procedures for studies related to this topic, the fundamental reservoir hydrodynamics and water quality modeling used in preparing studies, the kinds of studies that can be prepared at different levels of analysis, and a series of applications that illustrate the problems encountered and applications of the various techniques. This study of hydrothermal modeling as applied to examining cooling tower alternatives for an existing steam electric station on a moderately large reservoir is included in this report and is presented here as an illustration of the types of studies included. This particular study subtended the usual steam electric plant cooling water discharge studies that relate to specific regulatory thermal plume size standards, and had to be designed around developing plant and cooling tower operations that would meet specific fisheries requirements for a zone of passage and refuge for fishes throughout the receiving embayment. After being used in developing cooling tower and plant operating details for the designers to work with, it was required that the hydrothermal modeling results be verified under actual tower operating conditions. In addition, it was required that the impact of the combined operations on dissolved oxygen be examined in detail. This paper covers the background to setting up the study, the kinds of statistical comparisons used to verify the hydrothermal studies, and similar studies for the analysis of dissolved oxygen distributions.     

新型保温材料在煤气管道冷凝水排放器上的应用

煤气管道上的冷凝水排放器，传统上采用蒸汽保温，存在许多弊端。新型保温材料是一种自动控制型保温材料，只要接通电源，它能安全、有效、经济地实现物体的保温。自限温电保温带应用在煤气冷凝水排放器上，能够很好地解决使用蒸汽采暖带来的弊端，保证煤气冷凝水排放器的良好运行。     

新型纳米级微孔隔热材料在炼钢生产中的应用

唐山中厚板材有限公司针对炼钢生产中钢水热量损失过大问题,在转炉、钢包和中间包上,系统采用了新型WDS纳米级微孔隔热材料,提高了耐火衬的蓄热量,在不影响耐火材料使用寿命的情况下,转炉的终点温度提高了7℃,从转炉、钢包到LF炉过程温降速度减小了0.3℃/min,采取降低LF炉出站温度5℃的方式,中间包后期钢水温度仍然能够满足连铸工艺需要,达到了节能降耗的目的,可以产生综合经济效益1480万元/a。     

C2S对硬硅钙石型硅酸钙保温材料质量影响

研究了以天然石灰和天然粉石英为基本原料,添加2CaO·SiO₂对合成硬硅钙石型硅酸钙保温材料的影响。结果表明,随着2CaO·SiO₂加入量的逐渐增多,硬硅钙石型硅酸钙保温材料的烘干收缩率逐渐降低;当添加量由0上升到5%时,制品的烘干收缩率由2.19%降低到0.92%,制品由不合格变为合格;烘干收缩率降低的原因是2CaO·SiO₂的加入促进了二次粒子形成。     

干熄焦炉微波料位检测装置隔热技术改进

针对干熄焦炉微波料位检测装置的高温防护,采用了合理的隔热处理方案,比采用强制冷却更节能有效,成功应用数年效果良好。     

绝缘涂层在电动机调心轴承座上的应用

运用热喷涂工艺在电动机调心轴承座内表面喷涂防止轴电流产生的涂层,工艺简单,涂层厚度均匀可控,与基体附着力强,机械性能和绝缘性能优良,无需润滑、耐磨损、噪声低、无污染。     

Economic Analysis of Thermal Energy Storage Systems

This paper describes an investigation of the economic performance of a central chiller plant with thermal energy storage (TES) operating in a hotel in California and an office building in Wisconsin for the following three conventional control strategies: chiller-priority, constant-proportion, and storage-priority control. Since all control strategies depend on properly selected design parameters, the storage and chiller capacities as the primary design parameters were varied over a wide range, and the life-cycle economic feasibility of each possible design was assessed over a 20-year economic life using the net present value method. Measured cooling and weather data for both buildings were used in annual calculations to determine annual utility cost savings on the basis of one of four artificial rate structures. Trends in the life-cycle economic performance of TES systems as a function of chiller and storage capacities were revealed, and design guidelines were developed.     

YPSZ涂层隔热性能预测

<正>Thermal barrier coatings(TBCs) have been widely applied to protect metallic components in gas turbines or aero engine against the high temperatures.In the recent decade,considerable numerical models have been built up to present the thermal spray process.However,much less work has focused on the prediction of the insulation temperature to the TBCs,which is an important parameter to affect the performance of the TBCs during their applications.In the present study,a 3D finite element simulation has been carried out to predict the heat insulation behavior of the 6%～8%yittria partially stabilized zirconia coatings based on a two-layer model.Furthermore,such factors as the heat transfer mode,the thickness of the coating,properties of the coating as well as the microstructure of the coating have been numerically investigated. The significance of the finding is also discussed.     

棒材冷床上料装置电机的选择及校核

冷床上料装置是棒材生产线的重要设备,放置于分段飞剪后的冷床前面,需快速频繁地起动和制动。分析了一种冷床上料装置的工作原理及工作过程,对电机的工作时间和发热进行了校验计算,证明所选用的电机既可保证频繁起制动的时间要求,又不会因此而引起电机过热,完全满足使用要求。     

厚板坯连铸二次冷却传热数学模拟

在考虑二冷边界换热的条件下,建立了与厚板坯连铸机相适应的传热数学模型。用远红外测温仪测试X65管线钢230 mm×1650 mm铸坯表面温度,实验结果同模拟结果吻合较好。应用数学模型,对不同拉速下管线钢的连铸凝固过程进行了仿真计算,分析了拉速对出结晶器坯壳厚度、铸坯表面温度和液芯长度的影响,得出在给定的二冷条件下,为得到合理的铸坯表面温度,管线钢的拉速应为0.9～1.2m/min。     

Comparison of Different Upscaling Methods for Predicting Thermal Conductivity of Complex Heterogeneous Materials System: Application on Nuclear Waste Forms

To develop strategies for determining thermal conductivity based on the prediction of a complex heterogeneous materials system and loaded nuclear waste forms, the computational efficiency and accuracy of different upscaling methods has been evaluated. The effective thermal conductivity, obtained from microstructure information and local thermal conductivity of different components, is critical in predicting the life and performance of waste forms during storage. Several methods, including the Taylor model, Sachs model, self-consistent model, and statistical upscaling method, were developed and implemented. Microstructure-based finite-element method (FEM) prediction results were used to as a benchmark to determine the accuracy of the different upscaling methods. Micrographs from waste forms with varying waste loadings were used in the prediction of thermal conductivity in FEM and homogenization methods. Prediction results demonstrated that in term of efficiency, boundary models (e.g., Taylor model and Sachs model) are stronger than the self-consistent model, statistical upscaling method, and finite-element method. However, when balancing computational efficiency and accuracy, statistical upscaling is a useful method in predicting effective thermal conductivity for nuclear waste forms.     

“交叉热线”测量固体材料的热导率:测温热电偶的影响

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Development of Energy-Efficient Concrete Buildings Using Recycled Plastic Aggregates

Recycled plastics (high-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polypropylene) were used as coarse aggregates in concrete mixtures to alter and improve the thermal properties of buildings. Two similar retail buildings were designed and constructed in Lansing, Mich., one with normal concrete (control) and the other with high content of recycled mixed plastics. The thermal and energy performance of the two buildings were investigated and analyzed. Short-term (air tightness and infiltration, co-heating, lighting) and long-term monitoring were performed. The building simulation program SUNREL developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) was employed to simulate the energy performance of the two buildings and to validate the experimental data. Both experimental and SUNREL program results showed that the recycled plastic concrete building exhibited higher levels of energy efficiency and comfort when compared with the normal concrete (control) building. Recycled plastic concrete in combination with energy-efficient building design techniques proved to be of tremendous value in lowering the cooling and heating loads of the buildings and also in enhancing the comfort level of the buildings.     

终轧温度和冷却速度对Q550D钢组织和力学性能的影响

通过Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机,研究了终轧温度(800～950℃)和冷却速度(2～20℃/s)对Q550D微合金钢板(/%:0.06C、0.20Si、1.60Mn、0.010P、0 001S、0.10Mo、0.06Nb、0.01V、0.02Ti)的组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着终轧温度的降低和轧后冷却速度的增加,粒状贝氏体逐渐减少,板条贝氏体逐渐增多,钢的屈服和抗拉强度提高的趋势比较明显,-20℃韧性得到改善,但伸长率呈下降趋势;在终轧温度为850℃、冷却速度为15～20℃/s时,Q550D钢具有较好的综合强韧性,即抗拉强度约为750 MPa,屈服强度650 MPa,伸长率39%,-20℃冲击功65 J。     

不同钢种导热系数随温度变化规律的研究

为了系统了解不同钢种导热系数随温度变化规律,采用闪射法测出08A、35K、45#、GCr15四种钢在28～1 060℃区间的导热系数,通过绘图分析总结其规律.结果表明,不同钢种在同一温度下导热系数不同,常温下,高碳钢的导热系数值低于低碳钢,说明碳含量影响导热系数值.同一钢种不同温度下导热系数不同.所有钢种的导热系数在相变点(700～800℃)之前都随温度的升高而降低,相变点之后随温度的升高而升高.     

新型保温材料在海绵钛还蒸炉中的应用实践

镁热还原法生产海绵钛过程中,还原及蒸馏反应炉均需消耗通过加热来控制其反应过程。目前国内炉衬均由耐火砖和保温材料组成,每吨钛耗电在6800kWh／t,与国外相比,热损大、电耗高。本文就如何改进还原炉和蒸馏炉的结构及其温度控制,提高热效率进行研究,实现了降低热损失,延长炉寿命的目的。