灰度模糊算法优化Al-SiC-Gr混合金属基复合材料的加工参数

石墨颗粒增强金属基复合材料能够提供更好的切削加工性能和摩擦性能。用灰度模糊算法优化Al-SiC-Gr混合金属基复合材料的加工参数,以获得到具有优秀综合性能的材料。当混合金属基复合材料中SiC-Gr的质量分数分别为5%、7.5%和10%时,对应的拉伸强度分别为170、210和204 MPa。另外,与另外2种材料相比,Al-10%（SiC-Gr）复合材料具有更好的切削加工性能。与其他的灰度技术相比,灰度模糊逻辑算法在输出方面提高了推理的合理性,降低了不确定性。实验结果表明,在设置的相同加工参数下,与其他的灰度技术相比,灰度模糊逻辑算法的推理合理性从0.619提高到0.891,且同时保证材料具有更好的综合性能。     

Feasibility study of rotary electrical discharge machining with ball burnishing for Al2O3/6061Al composite

This study investigates the feasibility and optimization of a rotary EDM with ball burnishing for inspecting the machinability of Al₂O₃/6061Al composite using the Taguchi method. Three ZrO₂ balls attached as additional components behind the electrode tool offer immediate burnishing following EDM. Three observed values (machining rate, surface roughness and improvement of surface roughness) are adopted to verify the optimization of the machining technique. In addition, six independent parameters are chosen as variables for evaluating the Taguchi method; these variables are categorized into two groups: (1) electrical parameters, i.e. peak current, pulse duration and non-load voltage; and (2) non-electrical parameters, i.e. flushing pressure of dielectric, rotational speed of electrode and residual height of hump. Experimental results indicated a feasible technique for applying rotary EDM with ball burnishing in machining the Al₂O₃/6061 composite. Optimization of this technique is also discussed.     

Non-conventional machining of particle reinforced metal matrix composite

Particle Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites (PRMMC's) have proved to be extremely difficult to machine using conventional manufacturing processes due to heavy tool wear caused by the presence of the hard reinforcement. This paper presents details and results of an investigation into the machinability of SiC particle reinforced aluminium matrix composites using non-conventional machining processes such as Electro Discharge Machining (EDM), laser cutting and Abrasive Water Jet (AWJ). The surface integrity of the composite material for these different machining processes are examined and compared. The influence of the ceramic particle reinforcement on the machining process was analysed by tests performed on samples of the non-reinforced matrix material.     

Machinability analysis in turning tungsten–copper composite for application in EDM electrodes

Electro-discharge machining (EDM) is widely used in tooling industry, where it is applied on materials, which are too hard to be machined with conventional techniques. The tungsten–copper is broadly used as an EDM electrode for machining of die steel and tungsten carbide workpieces. As, tungsten–copper electrode is more costly than conventional electrodes, there is a need to understand the machinability aspects in turning of this material. Hence, an attempt has been made in this paper to study the effects of cutting conditions on machinability characteristics such as cutting force, feed force, depth force, machining force, power, specific cutting force, arithmetic average surface roughness and maximum peak to valley height during tungsten–copper turning with K10 carbide cutting tool. The response surface methodology (RSM) based second order mathematical models of machinability aspects are developed using the data obtained through full factorial design (FFD). The adequacy of the machinability models is tested through the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The response surface analysis reveals that a combination of higher cutting speed with low-to-medium feed rate is advantageous in reducing the forces, power and surface roughness, which in turn increases the specific cutting force.     

电火花诱导烧蚀磨削修整复合加工方法研究

针对放电诱导烧蚀加工在高效加工的同时易在工件表面产生巨大烧蚀坑的问题,提出了电火花诱导烧蚀磨削修整复合加工方法。对钛合金TC4进行了电火花加工、烧蚀加工、诱导烧蚀磨削修整复合加工的对比实验,研究机械磨削作用对烧蚀性能的影响。在钛合金烧蚀加工实验过程中,用复合机械磨头进行修整能显著提高加工效率,达到1107 mm3/min,是同等条件下电火花加工的6.77倍、烧蚀加工的1.27倍。由于存在机械磨削修整作用,可在线去除烧蚀产物,露出基体材料,工件表面粗糙度优于烧蚀加工,甚至优于同等电参数下的电火花加工,达到了在获得高效加工的同时提升表面质量的目的。     

精密模具的大面积镜面加工技术

介绍了精密模具电火花镜面加工的意义及国内外电火花镜面加工的研究概况。在讨论电火花镜面加工机理的基础上 ,对镜面加工的工艺参数、加工设备、影响因素等问题进行了分析 ,并对精密模具电火花镜面加工的主要关键技术进行了讨论 ,包括镜面加工脉冲电源的设计、镜面加工电火花控制系统、电极和工件材料的影响因素、混粉工作液加工工艺等     

Machining performance on hybrid process of abrasive jet machining and electrical discharge machining

To develop a hybrid process of abrasive jet machining (AJM) and electrical discharge machining (EDM),the effects of the hybrid process parameters on machining performance were comprehensively investigated to confirm the benefits of this hybrid process.The appropriate abrasives delivered by high speed gas media were incorporated with an EDM in gas system to construct the hybrid process of AJM and EDM,and then the high speed abrasives could impinge on the machined surface to remove the recast layer caused by EDM process to increase the efficiency of material removal and reduce the surface roughness.In this study,the benefits of the hybrid process were determined as the machining performance of hybrid process was compared with that of the EDM in gas system.The main process parameters were varied to explore their effects on material removal rate,surface roughness and surface integrities.The experimental results show that the hybrid process of AJM and EDM can enhance the machining efficiency and improve the surface quality.Consequently,the developed hybrid process can fit the requirements of modern manufacturing applications.     

精细电规准对NAK80材料准镜面电火花加工表面三维幅值参数的影响

通过正交试验,研究了峰值电流、脉冲间隔、开路电压、脉冲宽度等精细电规准在不同水平下,对NAK80材料准镜面电火花加工的三维表面参数(Sa、Sq和Sz)的影响。试验结果显示,在上述因素中,峰值电流和脉冲间隔对评价指标影响较大,脉冲宽度影响最小。通过方差分析,试验选定因素对评价指标的影响均非显著,并通过信噪比获得最优的加工参数。     

The use of the orthogonal array with grey relational analysis to optimize the electrical discharge machining process with multiple performance characteristics

In this paper a new approach for the optimization of the electrical discharge machining (EDM) process with multiple performance characteristics based on the orthogonal array with the grey relational analysis has been studied. A grey relational grade obtained from the grey relational analysis is used to solve the EDM process with the multiple performance characteristics. Optimal machining parameters can then be determined by the grey relational grade as the performance index. In this study, the machining parameters, namely workpiece polarity, pulse on time, duty factor, open discharge voltage, discharge current, and dielectric fluid are optimized with considerations of multiple performance characteristics including material removal rate, surface roughness, and electrode wear ratio. Experimental results have shown that machining performance in the EDM process can be improved effectively through this approach.     

Surface integrity and material removal mechanisms associated with the EDM of Al2O3 ceramic composite

Electric discharge machining (EDM) has been proven as an alternate process for machining complex and intricate shapes from the conductive ceramic composites. The performance and reliability of electrical discharge machined ceramic composite components are influenced by strength degradation due to EDM-induced damage. The success of electric discharge machined components in real applications relies on the understanding of material removal mechanisms and the relationship between the EDM parameters and formation of surface and subsurface damages. This paper presents a detailed investigation of machining characteristics, surface integrity and material removal mechanisms of advanced ceramic composite Al₂O₃–SiC_w–TiC with EDM. The surface and subsurface damages have also been assessed and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results provide valuable insight into the dependence of damage and the mechanisms of material removal on EDM conditions.     

铣削7075铝合金表面粗糙度试验研究

为进一步探究加工参数与7075铝合金表面粗糙度之间的变化关系。开展铣削7075铝合金表面粗糙度试验,基于单因素试验结果分析加工参数与表面粗糙度之间的影响规律,基于含有交互作用的正交试验结果,分析各加工因素最优参数水平,构建表面粗糙度二、三阶响应曲面预测模型。研究表明:表面粗糙度随着切削速度、进给量、切削深度的逐渐增加而增大;表面粗糙度各因素的最优参数水平为A2B1C1;对比分析F值、复相关系数,表面粗糙度三阶响应曲面预测模型优于二阶。确定的最优预测模型为深入研究加工参数与表面粗糙度之间变化关系奠定了理论基础。     

304 不锈钢电火花线切割加工表面性能研究

目的研究电火花线切割工艺对金属材料加工表面质量的影响规律,分析加工表面的机械性能。方法利用电火花线切割加工技术,对304不锈钢工件进行表面切割试验,应用马尔轮廓测量仪、扫描电镜、超景深电子显微镜及纳米压痕仪观察电火花加工表面的粗糙度变化规律和表面微形貌特征,获取横截面纳米硬度变化曲线。设计正交试验,获得最优加工参数。结果脉冲宽度和峰值电流对奥氏体不锈钢加工表面形貌的形成机制有显著影响,加工表面粗糙度受电参数的影响较大,加工表面的表层及次表层组织主要由塑性变形层与回火多相组织层共同构成,厚度与纳米硬度的变化受电参数的影响较大。结论电参数对表面质量的影响程度顺序为脉冲宽度、峰值电流、放电间隔,为得到较优加工表面层,应优先选择脉冲宽度为16μs,放电间隔为96μs,峰值电流为1.5 A的工艺参数组合。单个脉冲能量对加工层的厚度以及表层的纳米硬度呈现出近似线性规律。     

Effect of fly ash cenosphere pore formers on the microstructure and mechanical properties of vitrified diamond grinding wheels

This paper focuses on the influence of fly ash cenosphere (as a pore former) content and particle size on the porosity, microstructure and mechanical properties of vitrified bond diamond tools. The sintered specimens were examined using comprehensive thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, three point bending tests and porosity measurements. The porous morphological parameters (volume, size and distribution of pores) of the sample correlated with the content and size of the fly ash cenosphere, and diffusion layers were formed between the pore former and the vitrified matrix. The bending strength of the porous vitrified matrix varied between 27.28 and 35.92 MPa as the porosity changed from 40.66–43.97%. Based on response surface methodology (RSM) studies, two second-order response models for the open porosity and bending strength were established, and the utilization of the response surface model was evaluated with regards to the content and size of fly ash cenosphere present.     

正交试验在不锈钢切削参数优化中的应用

不锈钢材料由于强度高、导热系数低、韧性大以及加工硬化严重等原因使得切削加工非常困难.本文采用正交试验研究涂层刀具切削不锈钢材料的参数优化组合,分析了不同切削参数对加工表面质量的影响规律,得出了不锈钢加工的较佳车削参数,最后通过实验验证了其正确性.     

A model for detection of the eroding surface based on discharge parameters

To achieve a high removal rate and a low electrode wear in sinking electrical discharge machining process (EDM), rough machining parameters have to be selected according to the size of the eroding surface. In general, the size of the eroding surface varies according to the depth of machining. Thus, it has to be determined on-line. The work presented in this paper shows that the electric current signal depends on the size of the eroding surface. For constant machining parameters and varying size of the eroding surface, the attributes of the electric current signal were acquired and used as inputs to the modeller; a conditional average estimator (CAE) was used as a nonparametric regression modeller. According to the outputs of the model, the size of the eroding surface is determined accurately enough for the selection of optimal machining parameters.     

Characteristic evaluation of Al_2O_3/CNTs hybrid materials for micro-electrical discharge machining

The characteristic evaluation of aluminum oxide (Al2O3)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) hybrid composites for micro-electrical discharge machining (EDM) was described. Alumina matrix composites reinforced with CNTs were fabricated by a catalytic chemical vapor deposition method. Al2O3 composites with different CNT concentrations were synthesized. The electrical characteristic of Al2O3/CNTs composites was examined. These composites were machined by the EDM process according to the various EDM parameters, and the cha...     

电火花线切割加工铜钨合金切缝宽度及加工精度影响因素研究

铜钨合金是一种广泛应用于精密及难加工材料电火花成形加工的低损耗电极材料。在窄缝、清棱清角、高纵横比等结构的电极加工中,低速走丝电火花线切割加工较传统加工方法具有一定的优势。通过单因素实验研究了电火花线切割加工参数对铜钨合金粗加工切缝宽度、加工速度及表面粗糙度的影响规律,为实际加工提供理论指导。     

绿色电火花成型加工多目标工艺参数优化

为实现电火花成型加工的绿色制造,在保证加工效率和加工质量的基础上尽可能减少能耗和污染物排放,采用正交试验与非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)对加工参数进行多目标优化。选择脉冲电流(I)、周率(T)及效率(η)3个工艺参数作为因变量,表面粗糙度(Ra)、能耗(EEV)和环境污染物(EEC)作为响应值,对SKD11进行电火花成型加工试验。通过回归分析验证工艺参数与响应之间所建模型的正确性,并利用信噪比分析获得影响能耗和污染物排放的主要因素。得出了加工工艺参数与加工效果之间的回归关系,并通过NSGA-Ⅱ算法对其进行优化得到Pareto前沿。Ra、EEV和EEC预测结果的平均相对误差分别为6.46%、10.45%、9.58%,表明优化结果准确有效,对今后的研究以及企业的绿色加工具有一定参考意义。     

喷油器深孔圆度加工工艺参数优化研究

以某柴油机喷油器深孔加工为例,采用单因素试验法,研究切削速度、进给速度及切削液油压对深孔圆度的影响规律.基于Box-Behnken三因素三水平试验,建立圆度的二次回归模型,通过方差和响应面分析,得到最优的工艺参数组合并进行验证.结果表明:喷油器深孔加工最优工艺参数为切削速度为4600 r/min、切削液油压为11.5 ...     

陶瓷基复合材料加工技术及其表面亚表面损伤机制研究进展

综述了陶瓷基复合材料的传统机械加工、超声辅助加工、激光加工、多能场复合加工等加工方式的研究进展,并简述了几种加工方式的优缺点.对陶瓷基复合材料的表面及亚表面损伤机制进行了总结和分析,包括材料表面亚表面损伤形式、材料表面亚表面理论及模型研究.提出了传统的陶瓷基复合材料加工技术需要进一步优化刀具材料、开发新的刀具结构、优化工艺参数等,以减少加工缺陷.研究了复合加工中材料去除率最大条件下的损伤容限条件、材料加工后的性能保持性等,同时探究了高效高质量的多能场复合加工新方法及其应用理论,以及研究探索了在复杂载荷及动载荷(如动态切削力、高温切削及超声动态冲击载荷)耦合作用下陶瓷基复合材料的内在损伤机理及演化问题.