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1.
Smain Chemat Ahcne Lagha Hamid AitAmar Paul V. Bartels Farid Chemat 《Flavour and Fragrance Journal》2004,19(3):188-195
Extraction experiments with hexane were carried out at atmospheric pressure in Soxhlet, conventional and ultrasound extractions of flaked caraway seeds, and detailed results are given for two major plant extract components, carvone and limonene. The results indicate that carvone yield and plant extract quality are better in ultrasound extraction compared to those given by conventional methodology. Extraction rates of carvone and limonene reported that ultrasound‐assisted extraction was 1.3–2 times more rapid, depending on temperature, than a conventional system, according to the rate constant obtained during the initial 10 minutes of extraction. Moreover, the SEM micrographs provided more evidence for the mechanical effects of ultrasound, mainly appearing on cell walls and shown by the destruction of cells, faulitating the release of their contents, in contrast to conventional maceration or extraction, which involve diffusion of plant extracts across glandular walls and causing cell rupture over longer time periods. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
By means of GC and GC-MS the herb oil of caraway (Carum carvi L.) was found to consist of germacrene D (75%) with β-caryophyllene, β-elemene, humulene, germacrene A and B, and two cadinenes. Two chemotypes, a germacrene A containing type and a type without germacrene A were found. Aliphatic aldehydes (68%), namely n-octanal, n-nonanal, trans-2-decenal, and a so-far-unknown aldehyde represent the main part of the root oil obtained from adult plants. The seedlings root oil consists mainly of germacrene B (51%), which decreases during development. 相似文献
3.
目的:优化葛缕子精油的提取工艺并对其成分进行分析。方法:以葛缕子籽粒为原料,采用超临界CO2技术提取葛缕子精油,并通过气相色谱—质谱(GC-MS)对精油挥发性成分进行分析。结果:超临界CO2提取葛缕子精油的最佳工艺条件为提取釜温度50℃,分离釜温度40℃,提取釜压力30 MPa,分离釜压力0.4 MPa,二氧化碳流速20 g/min,提取时间90 min,此条件下精油得率为4.79%。与同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)法相比,超临界CO2流体能快速扩散到样品颗粒内部并充分溶解其中的精油成分,具有提取时间短、得率高、无溶剂残留的优点。超临界CO2法制备的葛缕子精油中,主要成分为D-柠檬烯(50.96%)和香芹酮(46.65%),挥发性成分种类及含量均高于同时蒸馏萃取法的。结论:超临界CO2法比同时蒸馏萃取法更适合葛缕子精油的提取。 相似文献
4.
I. Tarchoun N. Nasri H. Mahmoudi M. Zaghdoudi H. Ghaith B. Marzouk Mouhiba Ben Nasri‐Ayachi M. Lachaâl 《Journal of food science》2012,77(10):C1047-C1054
Abstract: Variation in the composition of Origanum majorana L. essential oil (EO) and fatty acids were studied under salt treatment. Plant material has been harvested at 2 phenological stages: early vegetative stage (EVS) and late vegetative stage (LVS) or prefloral. Our results showed that the application of 75 mM NaCl increased total lipid contents in marjoram shoots and caused great qualitative changes in the fatty acids profiles. NaCl treatment reduced and stimulated the EO yields, respectively, at EVS and LVS and induced quantitative changes in the chemical EO composition in shoots. Phenolic contents were higher during the LVS than EVS in the absence and the presence of salt. Under control conditions, RP‐HPLC analysis of the methanolic extract of marjoram dried shoots showed a predominance of flavonoid during the EVS whereas phenolic acids predominated during the LVS. However, under 75 mM NaCl, we noted a predominance of flavonoid at LVS and constant levels of phenolic and flavonoid classes at the EVS. For control treatment and at both EVS and LVS, the main components identified were respectively rosmarinic acid gallic as phenolic acids and amentoflavone as flavonoid. In the presence of salt and at the EVS, we observed a significant increase in trans‐2 hydrocinnamic, gallic acid and quercetin‐3‐galactoside contents. However, for the LVS, salt induced a stimulation of gallic acid, apigenin, and amentoflavone. Our results showed that LVS had the highest contents of bioactive compounds, and could be considered as the best stage for harvesting marjoram plants. Practical Application: In this study, the fatty acid composition, essential oil, and phenolic content of Origanum majorana were investigated. This is important for potential application of marjoram as functional food at the late vegetative stage. The richness of O. majorana in volatile and phenolic active compounds known for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and insecticidal activities could support the utilization of this plant in a large field of application including cosmetic, pharmaceutical, agro alimentary, and biological defense. 相似文献
5.
Bettaieb I Bourgou S Sriti J Msaada K Limam F Marzouk B 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2011,91(11):2100-2107
BACKGROUND: Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds of two geographic origins, Tunisia (TCS) and India (ICS), were studied regarding their fatty acid and essential oil composition. RESULTS: Oil yields were 17.77 and 15.40% for TCS and ICS respectively. Petroselinic acid (C18:1n‐12) was the major fatty acid in both varieties, with a higher proportion being found in TCS (55.90% of total fatty acids (TFA)) than in ICS (41.42% TFA). Moreover, the most predominant fatty acids were palmitic, petroselenic and linoleic acids, accounting for more than 91% TFA in both varieties. The unsaturated fatty acid content was high: 70.95% TFA in TCS and 62.17% TFA in ICS. Essential oil yields differed significantly (P < 0.05) between the two varieties: 1.21 and 1.62% for ICS and TCS respectively. A total of 40 compounds were identified, 34 of which were present in both essential oils. The two varieties displayed different chemotypes: γ‐terpinene/1‐phenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol for TCS and cuminaldheyde/γ‐terpinene for ICS. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the biochemical composition of cumin seeds is origin‐dependent and that cumin seeds are rich in an unusual fatty acid, petroselinic acid. Besides, cumin essential oil is a rich source of many compounds, including cuminaldehyde and γ‐terpinene. The overall results suggest the exploitation of cumin seeds as a low‐cost renewable source for industrial processing in the fields of cosmetics, perfumes and pharmaceuticals. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
6.
K. K. Aggarwal S. P. S. Khanuja Ateeque Ahmad T. R. Santha Kumar Vivek K. Gupta Sushil Kumar 《Flavour and Fragrance Journal》2002,17(1):59-63
The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Mentha spicata L. and Anethum sowa Roxb. (Indian dill) were studied. The major chemical constituents of the hydrodistilled essential oils and their major isolates from cultivated M. spicata and A. sowa were identified by IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR and GC: (S)‐(−)‐limonene (27.3%) and (S)‐(−)‐carvone (56.6%) (representing 83.9% of the spearmint oil) and (R)‐(+)‐limonene (21.4%), dihydrocarvone (5.0%), (R)‐(+)‐carvone (50.4%) and dillapiole (17.7%) (together 76.9% in Indian dill oil), respectively. In vitro bioactivity evaluation of the isolated oil components revealed that both the optical isomers of carvone were active against a wide spectrum of human pathogenic fungi and bacteria tested. (R)‐(+)‐limonene showed comparable bioactivity profile over the (S)‐(−)‐isomer. The activity of these monoterpene enantiomers was found to be comparable to the bioactivity of the oils in which they occurred. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
Giorgio Tibaldi Emanuela Fontana Silvana Nicola 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2013,93(3):580-586
BACKGROUND: The objectives of this work were to evaluate the phytomass yield, essential oil (EO) content and EO yield of Mentha spicata L. var. rubra, M. spicata L. var. viridis and Calamintha nepeta Savi in Piedmont (Italy), and to study how postharvest management (hydrodistillation of EO from fresh, dehumidified or oven‐dried herbs) can affect the EO content and profile of the three species. RESULTS: Mentha spicata L. var. rubra gave the greatest phytomass yield (1997 g m?2), which was statistically different from M. spicata L. var. viridis and C. nepeta. The highest EO yield was obtained from C. nepeta (3.75 g m?2), which was significantly different from the Mentha genus. Postharvest management significantly affected both the EO content and the EO profile of each species, with the dehumidifying process leading to a significantly higher EO content than the oven‐drying process. The EO profile was different not only from species to species but also because of the postharvest management. CONCLUSION: The dehumidifying process is a relatively new postharvest technology that has shown positive results in terms of EO yield, and it can be applied to species which have a high EO value, after evaluation of the resulting EO profile. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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This paper presents the development of a new method of hydrodistillation of the essential oil of caraway (Carum carvi L.) by direct induction heating assisted by magnetic field (DIHMF) and the development of the required apparatus. Water and food salt (99.8% sodium chloride) were used as electrolyte solutions and at the same time as an extractant solution. The method was tested on caraway fruits as a source of carvone and limonene as the main components. The essential oil of this fruit was also isolated by conventional hydrodistillation as a standard method on both laboratory and pilot scale. The isolated volatile products obtained by the two methods were analysed using gas chromatography (GC). The obtained results were then compared. Even though DIHMF hydrodistillation ensures the isolation of the essential oils as well as conventional hydrodistillation, the time required to obtain the isolated products is remarkably shorter. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
El‐Hadi Benyoussef Nabila Yahiaoui Assia Khelfaoui Fatiha Aid 《Flavour and Fragrance Journal》2005,20(1):30-33
Algerian Mentha spicata L. essential oil yield evolution during water distillation has been investigated as a function of time. GC analysis helped to determine the extraction kinetics of the major components of this essential oil. The results show that there are two kinetic types. We have tried to correlate this kinetic type with the essential oil location in the vegetable material. The microscopic observations show that most of the essential oil is localized in exogenous deposits in the leaves but there are some endogenous sites in the stem. Each kinetic type corresponds to the considered compound being localized in either endogenous or in exogenous deposits. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
Luiz C. A. Barbosa Vanderlúcia F. Paula Anelisa S. Azevedo Eldo A. M. Silva Evandro A. Nascimento 《Flavour and Fragrance Journal》2005,20(1):39-41
The essential oils from the roots, leaves, stems and inflorescences of Conyza bonariensis L. were investigated. A total of 17 constituents were identified by GC‐MS, including monoterpenes, acetylenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes. The major constituents were matricaria methyl ester (roots, 74.4%), limonene (leaves, 29.6%), manool (stems, 25.3%) and carvone (inflorescences, 21.1%). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
Júlia F. Rosas Maria das Graas B. Zoghbi Eloisa Helena A. Andrade Maria Elisabeth van den Berg 《Flavour and Fragrance Journal》2005,20(2):161-163
The volatile constituents from the leaves, stalks, inflorescences and the whole plant of Ocimum micranthum, cultivated in the state of Pará, Brazil, were obtained by hydrodistillation and examined by GC/MS. The major components identified were methyl‐(E)‐cinnamate (34.6–56.7%), carvone (10.4–16.1%), limonene (8.1–10.3%) and linalool (4.1–9.4%). The maximum yield in essential oil was furnished by the leaves (4.3%). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
Marco Russo Feng Yan Annegret Stier Linda Klasen Bernd Honermeier 《Food Science & Nutrition》2021,9(7):3664-3672
Rapeseed oil is one of the most important vegetable oils in Germany. It has a favorable fatty acid composition but also contains a certain amount of erucic acid (EA). As the result of toxicological considerations regarding this fatty acid, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) established a tolerable daily intake (TDI) for EA of 7 mg/kg body weight in 2016. On this basis, the maximum EA levels for vegetable oils allowed in the European Union have been reduced shortly from 50 to 20 g/kg, and for infant formula and follow-on formula from 10 to 4 g/kg. However, rapeseed oil is also recommended for the preparation of homemade food for infants and children. Little is known about the actual EA concentrations of rapeseed oils on the German retail market. Current data are especially important for the necessary reassessment of its recommendation in infant and child nutrition based on the established TDI. Three hundred representative rapeseed oil samples were purchased in retail stores across Germany. EA concentrations, determined by GC-FID, were in a range of 0.17–9.68 g/kg, with 241 samples being even below 4 g/kg. All oils were below the maximum level valid at the time of this investigation, and even below the newly established lower maximum level of 20 g/kg. The major part also met the requirements for infant and follow-on formula. The representative results provide valuable current data for the necessary reassessment of the dietary recommendations for infant and child nutrition based on the established TDI. 相似文献
13.
K.L. Uken C.T. Schäff L. Vogel M. Gnott D. Dannenberger S. Görs A. Tuchscherer A. Tröscher W. Liermann H.M. Hammon 《Journal of dairy science》2021,104(4):4950-4969
Sufficient maternal supply of essential fatty acids (EFA) to neonatal calves is critical for calf development. In the modern dairy cow, EFA supply has shifted from α-linolenic acid (ALA) to linoleic acid (LA) due to the replacement of pasture feeding by corn silage–based diets. As a consequence of reduced pasture feeding, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) provision by rumen biohydrogenation was also reduced. The present study investigated the fatty acid (FA) status and performance of neonatal calves descended from dams receiving corn silage–based diets and random supplementation of either 76 g/d coconut oil (CTRL; n = 9), 78 g/d linseed oil and 4 g/d safflower oil (EFA; n-6/n-3 FA ratio = 1:3; n = 9), 38 g/d Lutalin (BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany) providing 27% cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA, respectively (CLA; n = 9), or a combination of EFA and CLA (EFA+CLA; n = 11) in the last 9 wk before parturition and following lactation. The experimental period comprised the first 5 d of life, during which calves received colostrum and transition milk from their own dam. The nutrient compositions of colostrum and transition milk were analyzed. Plasma samples were taken after birth and before first colostrum intake and on d 5 of life for FA analyses of the total plasma fat and lipid fractions. Maternal EFA and CLA supplementation partly affected colostrum and transition milk composition but did not change the body weights of calves. Most EFA in calves were found in the phospholipid (PL) and cholesterol ester (CE) fractions of the plasma fat. Maternal EFA supplementation increased the percentage of ALA in all lipid fractions of EFA and EFA+CLA compared with CTRL and CLA calves on d 1 and 5, and the increase was much greater on d 5 than on d 1. The LA concentration increased from d 1 to 5 in the plasma fat and lipid fractions of all groups. The concentrations of docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and arachidonic acid in plasma fat were higher on d 1 than on d 5, and the percentage of n-3 metabolites was mainly increased in PL if dams received EFA. The percentage of cis-9,trans-11 CLA was higher in the plasma fat of EFA+CLA than CTRL calves after birth. By d 5, the percentages of both CLA isomers increased, leading to higher proportions in plasma fat of CLA and EFA+CLA than in CTRL and EFA calves. Elevated cis-9,trans-11 CLA enrichment was observed on d 5 in PL, CE, and triglycerides of CLA-treated calves, whereas trans-10,cis-12 CLA could not be detected in individual plasma fractions. These results suggest that an altered maternal EFA and CLA supply can reach the calf via the placenta and particularly via the intake of colostrum and transition milk, whereas the n-3 and n-6 FA metabolites partly indicated a greater transfer via the placenta. Furthermore, the nutrient supply via colostrum and transition milk might be partly modulated by an altered maternal EFA and CLA supply but without consequences on calf performance during the first 5 d of life. 相似文献
14.
Christian Mayela Bousset-Alféres Jorge Luis Chávez-Servín Pedro Alberto Vázquez-Landaverde Claudia Azucena Betancourt-López María del Carmen Caamaño Roberto Augusto Ferriz-Martínez Elsa Fernanda Chávez-Alabat Ma Guadalupe Lovatón-Cabrera Karina de la Torre-Carbot 《Food Science & Nutrition》2022,10(8):2568-2581
Breast milk may contain industrially produced trans fatty acids (TFAs), which can affect the content of essential fatty acids (EFAs). This could have significant implications for the child's development. The fatty acids present in breast milk can be modified by adjusting the mother's diet. The objective of this study was to determine the content of industrially produced TFAs present in colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk produced by mothers between 18 and 45 years of age in the state of Querétaro, Mexico, based on a longitudinal observational study. The TFA content in the breast milk of 33 lactating women was analyzed using gas chromatography. The mothers’ consumption of TFAs was also estimated by analyzing a log prepared through 24-hr dietary recall (24HR) obtained in each period. The TFA content in the mothers’ diet was similar across the colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk phases: 1.64 ± 1.25 g, 1.39 ± 1.01, and 1.66 ± 1.13 g, respectively. The total TFA content was 1.529% ± 1.648% for colostrum; 0.748% ± 1.033% for transitional milk and 0.945% ± 1.368% for mature milk. Elaidic acid was the TFA in the highest concentration in all three types of milk. No correlation was found between the content of industrially produced TFAs in breast milk and the anthropometric measurements of the mother or between the estimated consumption of TFAs and the content of TFAs in breast milk. Elaidic acid and total content of TFAs were negatively correlated (p < .05) with the content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (0.394 ± 0.247) (R = −0.382) in colostrum. The concentration of TFAs was found to correlate with the composition of EFAs in milk. 相似文献
15.
Headspace oxygen contents of sodium citrate-water buffers containing d-limonene with and without low density polyethylene (LDPE) were measured on a weekly basis for 10 wk. d-Limonene was readily sorbed into LDPE. Results indicated first order kinetics for limonene oxidation. GC/MS analyses determined production of limonene oxidation end-products, including d-carvone, carveol, limonene oxide, perrilaldehyde and linalool, as well as α-terpineol, a hydrolysis product. Headspace oxygen contents of the d-limonene/buffer (control) samples were lower thau that of the d-limonene/buffer/LDPE samples, suggesting a higher oxidation rate in the control than in LDPE. Oxidation rate constants and half-lives were 5.9 × 10-3 log(%O2) wk-1, t1/2= 116 wk for control and 1.2 × 10-3 log(%O2) wk-1, t1/2= 580 wk for LDPE samples, respectively. 相似文献
16.
高空环境对鸡冠花籽油含量及其脂肪酸组成的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本项研究探讨高空环境对鸡冠花的影响。两种品种鸡冠花种子搭载高空气球 ,飞行高度为4 0 .112km ,飞行时间近 4h ,返回地面后播种育苗进行栽培 ,采收了一代成熟种子 ,测定其千粒重、油脂含量和脂肪酸组成 ,并与地面对照组进行比较。结果表明 ,搭载实验种子千粒重增加 ,主要脂肪酸含量与对照组相比产生显著差异 ,而籽油含量无明显改变。 相似文献
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Weerachai Phutdhawong John Korth Duang Buddhasukh Stephen G. Pyne 《Flavour and Fragrance Journal》2002,17(2):153-155
Capillary gas chromatography (GC–FID) and mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were used to analyse the chemical composition of the essential oil of Cephalotaxus griffithii, collected in remote northern Thailand. GC–MS data and retention indices were used to identify 22 components in the hydrodistillation oil, with α‐pinene (58.50%), caryophyllene (11.67%), β‐pinene (4.19%), myrcene (3.46%) and limonene (3.10%) as the major components. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
荔枝精油对西式火腿肠的保鲜效果 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
荔枝精油中富含的环丙烷基脂肪酸能有效地防止微生物引起的肉类制品的变质。可使微生物的生长适应期延长4倍，对数生长期和稳定生长期缩短1／3。可有效降低微生物的生长势和减少微生物的生长量。 相似文献