氧气底吹铜熔池熔炼过程的机理及产物的微观分析

对氧气底吹熔炼过程气体喷吹行为、造锍熔炼化学反应机理及熔炼炉内热工作状态进行理论分析及水模型实验和取样分析验证。结果表明,氧气底吹气流能使熔体形成均匀的扩散区,实现熔体的搅拌,在气体连续相区和液体连续相区,气液、液液之间的相互作用强烈,为炉内化学反应及传热传质提供了良好的动力学条件;氧气底吹熔炼过程在零配煤的情况下能达到自热熔炼,在节能减排方面,该工艺具有很强的优势;获得了铜渣、冰铜和蘑菇头中各组分的形貌,确定了铜渣、冰铜和蘑菇头的物相组成,渣样主要由冰铜相、磁铁矿相、铁橄榄石相和玻璃体相组成,熔炼内的氧势和硫势分布有利于反应的进行,能有效抑制Fe3O4的形成以及降低渣含铜。     

富氧底吹熔炼炉内气液两相流动的数值模拟

以某公司的富氧底吹熔池熔炼炉为原型,运用数值模拟的方法对炉内氧气铜锍两相流动进行三维瞬态模拟,研究炉内气泡主要参数、气含率分布规律、氧枪出口附近压力变化以及液面波动情况。并借助于高速摄像仪设备,对水模型实验中气泡形成、合并、变形及破碎过程进行研究,所得结果与模拟结果进行比较。结果表明:所建立的数学模型是合理的。氧气铜锍两相流动模拟结果表明,炉内气泡形成时间为0.12~0.25 s,生成频率为4~5 Hz,其短轴大小集中在3.5d~6.5d(d为氧枪直径尺寸);气泡停留时间为0.2~0.4 s,其在熔池内的平均上浮速度约为4 m/s;7°和22°氧枪出口气泡后座现象出现的平均频率分别为5 Hz和7 Hz,作用时间为0.06 s;高效反应区存在于熔池上部区域;气相搅动液相所形成的表面重力波在沉淀区传播的过程中,波幅衰减很快,当波传播到出渣口附近时,液面趋于静止。     

富氧底吹熔炼炉内氧枪结构参数的优化分析

以提高底吹熔炼炉反应区的熔炼效率及优化底吹炉反应区的氧枪结构参数为目标,运用数值模拟的方法,建立底吹熔池熔炼炉内气液两相流动的三维数学模型。应用正交表设计数值模拟的试验方案,以气含率、熔池内熔体平均速度以及平均湍动能为优化指标,采用田口方法对底吹熔池熔炼炉进行了氧枪结构多目标优化研究。结果表明,通过统计分析方法得到氧枪结构最优组合如下:氧枪直径为0.06 m,氧枪间距为0.98 m,氧枪倾角为17°。对优化结果进行统计验证,表明采用田口方法优化底吹炉氧枪结构可行,优化结果可靠。     

Mathematical model of pyritic smelting process for copper-nickel mineral in oxygen top-blown furnace

1　INTRODUCTIONTheideaofrefiningcopperandnickelwithpyriticsmeltingprocessinoxygentop blownfurnacehascomeintobeingforitsachievementinoxygen converterofsteelmaking processfrom 196 0s.Thefirstpyriticsmeltingfurnacewithoxygentop blownsmeltingnickelhadbeenputintoproductionatNorthNickelCo .ofRussianin 1986 .Nowadays ,thistech nologyhasbeenimportedandemployedinJinchuanNonferrousMetalCo .ofChina .Inthepastdecades ,theutilizationofflashsmeltingfurnaceinnonferrous makinghasgotextensivedevelopmen…     

Operation optimization of concentrate burner in copper flash smelting furnace

The software that simulates the flow, temperature, concentration and the heat generation field in the Outkumpu flash smelting furnace, was developed by a numerical method of the particle-gas flow together with some chemical reaction models. Many typical operating conditions were chosen for simulation in order to obtain the effect of the distribution air, process air, central oxygen and the oil-burner position etc. The concepts about optimum op-eration, 3C(concentration of high temperature, high oxygen and laden concentrate particles), are concluded from these simulated results, which have been checked primarily by operational experiments.     

Numerical simulation analysis of Guixi copper flash smelting furnace

A numerical simulation analysis for reactions of chalcopyrite and pyrite particles coupled with momentum,heat and mass transfer between the particle and gas in a flash smelting furnace is presented.In the simulation.the equations governing the gas flow are solved numerically by Eular method.The particle phase is introduced into the gas flow by the particle-source-in-cell technique(PSIC),Predictions including the fluid flow field,temperature field,concentration field of gas phase and the tracks of particles have been obtained by the numerical simulation.The visualized results show that the reaction of sulfide particles is almost completed in the upper zone of the shaft within 1.5m far from the central jet distributor (CJD)type concentrate burner,The simulation results are in good agreement with data obtained from a series of experiments and tests in the plant and the error is less than 2%.     

基夫赛特式炉闪速炉功能区冶炼过程的同时平衡

基于硫化铅矿在闪速炉功能区冶炼过程的多相同时平衡原理，利用平衡摩尔量法分析和讨论熔炼温度、初始氧量和初始硫化铅量对平衡后各凝聚态产出量的影响。结果表明：在较高温度下，初始氧量的增加会使硫酸铅的产量增加，而硫化铅的产量降低；低氧量条件下不生成硫酸铅而生成硫化铅。考虑产物的后续碳还原处理，在冶炼过程中应选择高氧气输入量以生成容易处理的硫酸铅，而不是较难处理的硫化铅。     

Oxidation leaching of copper smelting dust by controlling potential

A study was conducted for metal extraction from copper smelting dust using the oxidation leaching and control of potential technology. The effects of H₂O₂ dosage, H₂O₂ feeding speed, initial HCl concentration, leaching temperature, liquid-to-solid ratio and leaching time on metals leaching efficiencies were investigated. The following optimized leaching conditions were obtained: H₂O₂ dosage of 0.8 mL/g (redox potential of 429 mV), H₂O₂ feeding speed of 1.0 mL/min, initial H₂SO₄ concentration of 1.0 mol/L, initial HCl concentration of 1.0 mol/L, leaching temperature of 80 °C, initial liquid-to-solid ratio of 5:1 mL/g and leaching time of 1.5 h. Under the optimized conditions, copper and arsenic can be effectively leached from copper smelting dust, leaving residue as a suitable lead resource. The average leaching efficiencies of copper, arsenic and iron are 95.27%, 96.82% and 46.65%, respectively.     

铜复杂资源熔炼过程中杂质锑脱除的热力学模拟（英文）

研究铜冶炼过程Sb的反应机理,分析Sb在4种典型铜冶炼工艺中多相分配差异。建立富氧底吹铜冶炼工艺的多相平衡模型,研究原料中Cu、S和Sb含量对Sb多相分配比的影响。同时,应用该模型研究铜锍品位、富氧浓度、熔炼温度和氧矿比(标准状态下氧气流量与精矿加料速率之比)等工艺参数对Sb分配行为的影响。结果 表明,计算数据与实际生产结果和文献数据吻合良好。提高精矿中Cu含量、降低S和Sb含量,提高铜锍品位、富氧浓度和氧矿比,同时适当降低冶炼温度,有利于Sb向炉渣中定向富集。模拟结果可为复杂资源清洁高效处理及伴生元素综合回收提供理论指导。     

铜闪速炉沉淀池渣中锍液滴沉降机理及其影响因素

通过分析沉淀池内锍液滴的沉降机理,导出了渣中最大锍液滴直径的计算公式。根据闪速炉的实际生产条件,计算出渣中最大锍液滴直径的理论值为0.063 mm,并用矿相显微镜对沉淀池出口处的渣样进行了观察,渣中最大锍颗粒粒径为0.06 mm,两者结果一致。由此证明了沉降机理分析的正确性。在此基础上,进一步分析渣中锍夹带损失影响因素。结果表明:增大熔体中离散态分布的锍液滴直径是降低渣中铜夹带损失的重要措施;其次是升高渣温度有助于渣中锍的沉降;减小渣层厚度等措施对降低渣中铜夹带损失作用不大。     

硫化铅精矿无SO_2排放反射炉一步炼铅半工业试验

以西部矿业公司自产硫化铅精矿和进口高锌硫化铅精矿为原料 ,在 1m2 的小反射炉上进行了硫化铅精矿还原造锍熔炼的半工业试验。结果表明 :烟气中SO2 含量达标 ,固硫率≥ 96 % ,铅直收率≥ 87% ,总回收率≥ 96 % ,粗铅质量高 ,符合电解精炼要求。说明硫化铅精矿无SO2 排放一步炼铅新工艺实现大规模的工业应用是完全可能的。     

氧化镍对含铬型钒钛磁铁矿球团冶炼机理的影响

研究氧化镍对含铬型钒钛磁铁矿球团冶炼行为的影响,分析镍在铁水和渣间的迁移行为.结果表明,当含铬型钒钛磁铁矿球团中NiO的添加量从0提高到6％(质量分数)时,软化开始温度从1148℃升高至1212℃,软化结束温度从1280℃升高至1334℃;熔化开始温度从1318℃升高到1377℃,滴落温度从1558℃降低到1521℃....     

闪速炉反应塔炉膛内形的数值模拟与在线显示

采用传热数值计算的方法对闪速炉反应塔塔壁进行了模拟,获得了反应塔壁面温度分布及其内壁挂渣层厚度的仿真计算结果,首次实现了反应塔炉膛内形成的在线显示。用于工业生产后,经现场检验,软件仿真计算结果与实际数值接近,其中炉膛温度相差不足40℃,挂渣层厚度平均误差＜3％,可完全满足生产要求。该软件的研制为实践中实现反应塔炉膛内形实时监控创造了条件,并成为闪速炉生产操作优化的理论依据。同时通过仿真研究发现,冷却水套对反应塔炉膛内形影响显著,加强冷却系统的强度将有利于保护炉衬,延长炉体寿命。     

Intelligent prediction model of matte grade in copper flash smelting process

Due to the importance of detecting the matte grade in the copper flash smelting process, the mechanism model was established according to the multi-phase and multi-component mathematic model. Meanwhile this procedure was a complicated production process with characteristics of large time delay, nonlinearity and so on. A fuzzy neural network model was set up through a great deal of production data. Besides a novel constrained gradient descent algorithm used to update the parameters was put forward to improve the parameters learning efficiency. Ultimately the self-adaptive combination technology was adopted to paralleled integrate two models in order to obtain the prediction model of the matte grade. Industrial data validation shows that the intelligently integrated model is more precise than a single model. It can not only predict the matte grade exactly but also provide optimal control of the copper flash smelting process with potent guidance.     

铜闪速熔炼渣中砷的赋存状态和浸出毒性（英文）

铜冶炼含砷炉渣的高效安全处置取决于对其含砷物相及其浸出毒性的准确认识。采用X射线荧光光谱、X射线衍射、电子探针显微分析、扫描电子显微术和选择性逐级提取法对铜熔炼渣中的含砷物相进行鉴定,并基于对炉渣中不同含砷物相的选择性逐级提取结果探讨渣中砷浸出毒性的可能来源。结果表明,砷以水溶性砷、铜砷金属间化合物、铜砷硫化物以及固化在铁橄榄石和硅酸盐玻璃相中的砷等形式赋存在熔炼渣中。浮选过程可以去除熔炼渣中的水溶性砷并回收铜砷金属间化合物,降低渣尾矿的砷浸出毒性,使其符合USEPA和SEPA标准要求。     

高投料量下炼铜闪速炉内熔炼过程的数值模拟

以FLUENT 6.3为计算平台,建立了铜闪速炉熔炼过程数值模型,并针对高投料量下反应塔气粒两相变物理场信息分布变化特点展开仿真研究。结果表明:工艺风入炉后迅速膨胀,并在反应塔中心形成轮廓明显的主体气流柱;主体气流柱内外的温度和氧浓分布梯度变化较大;局部低温出现在精矿喷嘴下方,而高温反应核心区域则下移至反应塔中下部。综合多场耦合仿真结果可知:高投料量条件下精矿粒子与反应配风之间混合力度欠佳是造成高投料量反应塔内熔炼过程反应效率降低的主要原因。     

Mathematical model of multistage and multiphase chemical reactions in flash furnace

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｆｌａｓｈｓｍｅｌｔｉｎｇｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｓｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｏｕｔｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｆｏｒｃｏｐｐｅｒｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ,ａｃｃｏｕｎｔｉｎｇｆｏｒａｂｏｕｔ5 0 %ｏｆｇｌｏｂａｌｃａｐａｃｉｔｙｆｏｒｐｒｉｍａｒｙｃｏｐｐｅｒｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ .Ｉｔｉｓｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｈｅａｔｒｅｌｅａｓｅｄｂｙｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｕｌｆｕｒｉｃｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｅｓ .Ｔｈｅｆｅｅｄｍｉｘｔｕ…     

复杂铅铋精矿氧化熔池熔炼过程的热力学模拟

采用热力学平衡模拟方法研究复杂铅铋精矿富氧熔池熔炼过程中的元素分配行为,分析氧料比(OFR)和硫分压(pSO2)对Bi、Pb、As、Sb、Cu和Ag分配行为的影响,并对比模拟计算结果与工业数据.结果表明,该过程中OFR在6.3～6.8 kmol/t之间有利于最大化Bi、Pb、Cu和Ag在金属相中的分配,进一步增加OFR...     

The scaling of iron in oxygen and sulfur-containing gases

The following possible conditions for the simultaneous formation of oxide and sulfide on iron in oxygen and sulfur-containing gases are considered: (7) simultaneous thermodynamic stability of oxide and sulfide; (2) temporal changes in gas composition; (3) intermediary cracking of the oxide film; (4) solubility and diffusion of sulfur in the oxide (lattice diffusion); (5) kinetic conditions for simultaneous oxide and sulfide formation at the scale-gas interface.     

某厂铜熔炼渣浮选综合回收金、银和铜的研究与应用

某选矿厂采用缓冷(空冷+水冷)-浮选工艺回收铜熔炼造锍捕金熔池熔炼渣,研究了缓冷制度、磨矿细度、调整剂用量、捕收剂种类及用量对金、银和铜浮选回收率的影响。结果表明,铜熔炼渣先空冷22 h后水冷40 h;磨矿80 min至细度为-0.074 mm粒级占96.44%(自制活化剂JC-100加入量为200 g/t);浮选调整剂氧化钙用量300 g/t,捕收剂用量丁基黄药为60 g/t、Z-200为160 g/t、自制JC-200为100 g/t,起泡剂2#油用量为120g/t;经一粗二扫二精选矿,闭路实验金、银和铜回收率达97.66%、92.71%和94.44%。据此对生产流程进行合理改进后提高了回收率,经济效益明显。