Antioxidant efficacy of potato peels and sugar beet pulp extracts in vegetable oils protection

The antioxidant properties of potato peels and sugar beet pulp, in comparison with synthetic antioxidant, were investigated. The bioactive materials were extracted with methanol and examined for their antioxidant activity under accelerated oxidation conditions, using sunflower and soybean oils as oxidation substrates at different concentrations for 72 h at 70 °C. Inverse relationships were noted between peroxide values and oxidative stabilities and also between secondary oxidation products, measured by p-anisidine value and stabilities at termination of the storage. Absorptivity at 232 nm and 270 nm increased gradually with the increase in time, due to the formation of conjugated dienes and polyenes. The order of oxidative stability was as follow: TBHQ > potato peels > BHT = sugar beet pulp > BHA. The predominant phenolic compounds identified by thin-layer chromatography in potato peels and sugar beet pulp were chlorogenic and gallic acids. The results of different antioxidant parameters demonstrated that potato peels and sugar beet pulp are potent sources of natural antioxidants that might be explored to prevent oxidation of vegetable oils.     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of various solvent extracts from Impatiens balsamina L. stems

The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities as well as the quantity of phenolic substances of Impatiens balsamina L. stem extracts obtained with various solvent were determined in this study. All of the extracts possessed moderate antioxidant potential in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and reducing power assays. Antimicrobial activity was estimated using the cylinder-plate and agar dilution methods against four bacterial and six fungal strains. The extracts showed good antimicrobial activity especially antifungal activity against all of the tested microorganisms. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents ranged from 2.88 to 13.63 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dried extract and 0.98 to 7.87 mg quercetin equivalents/g dried extract, respectively. The results presented here indicate that the I. balsamina stem extracts have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and are therefore a potential source of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents for the food and pharmaceutical industries. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Our work indicates that the I. balsamina stem may be a good candidate as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. It can be applied in food industry for preservation.     

Antioxidant capacity of methanolic and water extracts prepared from food‐processing by‐products

This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of mango peel, roselle seed, okara (by‐product of soya milk industry), cocoa shell and pink guava (by‐product of pink guava industry) in comparison to 6‐hydroxy‐2,5,7,8‐tetramethylchroman‐2‐carboxylic acid (Trolox). The β‐carotene bleaching, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl and reducing power assays were used to determine the antioxidant capacity of selected by‐products by measuring the absorbance at 470, 520 and 700 nm, respectively. The results showed that methanolic extracts of pink guava and cocoa shell exhibited the highest antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging activity compared to other studied samples. Roselle seed water extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging when extracted with water. Pink guava possessed the highest reducing power in methanolic extract at a concentration of 0.16 mg mL^?1. At the same concentration, mango peel exhibited the highest reducing power when extracted with water. The present study shows that pink guava, roselle seed and cocoa shell are potential sources of antioxidant components that can be exploited as food preservative agents or nutraceuticals. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

黑豆皮多酚提取物抗氧化活性研究

以黑豆皮为原料,分别利用体积分数70%的甲醇、乙醇和丙酮作为提取溶剂进行多酚类物质提取,研究提取物中总酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性。结果显示:丙酮提取物的多酚得率最高[(11.23±0.05)g/100g],且提取物中的总酚含量为(845.32±21.35)mg/g,总黄酮含量为(63.72±2.35)mg/g。同时,丙酮提取物对DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基的IC_(50)分别为(0.059±0.005),(0.057±0.004)mg/mL,其抗氧化能力低于抗坏血酸而高于甲醇和乙醇提取物。     

石榴皮提取物的抗氧化作用研究

分别以水、甲醇、丙酮和乙酸乙酯为溶剂,对石榴皮中的多酚进行了提取,得到4种提取物。采用油脂过氧化值(POV)法和二苯三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基法研究了提取物的抗氧化活性。结果显示,4种提取物均具有抗油脂过氧化和清除DPPH自由基的能力,其抗氧化活性随添加量的增加而增加。4种提取物中,丙酮提取物的抗油脂过氧化作用最大,其次为水提取物和甲醇提取物,乙酸乙酯提取物的抗油脂过氧化作用最小。当丙酮提取物添加量为猪油质量的0.1%时,其抗油脂过氧化活性接近添加量为0.02%茶多酚或BHT。4种提取物对DPPH自由基的清除能力大小顺序依次为:水提取物、丙酮提取物、甲醇提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物。浓度为0.0175 mg/mL的水提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率高达85.2%,高于BHT,但略低于茶多酚。石榴皮多酚是一种有效的天然抗氧化剂。     

Antioxidant activity and free radical-scavenging capacity of a selection of wild-growing Colombian plants

BACKGROUND: The replacement of some synthetic food antioxidants by safe natural antioxidants has fostered research on the screening of raw materials to find new vegetable sources of antioxidants. In this study the antioxidant activity of eight wild‐growing Colombian plants was assessed by four complementary assays. RESULTS: An evaluation of the antioxidant activity of ten ethanolic extracts from Baccharis chilco, Cinnamomum triplinerve, Ilex laurina, Lachemilla orbiculata, Lepechinia conferta, Quercus humboldtii, Rubus urticifolius and Tephrosia cinerea was carried out. Furthermore, the total phenolic content was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and the relationship between phenolic content and activity was also statistically investigated. Cinnamomum triplinerve, L. conferta and I. laurina were found to have the highest phenolic contents. Baccharis chilco, C. triplinerve, I. laurina, L. conferta, Q. humboldtii and R. urticifolius showed higher radical‐scavenging activity (DPPH and superoxide assays) than commercial rosemary oleoresin (reference). Lachemilla orbiculata and R. urticifolius showed higher antioxidant activity (β‐carotene‐bleaching test) than the reference. The protection factor of all studied plant extracts was below that of the reference according to the Rancimat test. CONCLUSION: On the basis of the results obtained, C. triplinerve, Q. humboldtii and R. urticifolius seem to be the most promising species for further investigation in order to identify the compounds responsible for their activity. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

五种常用香料的抗氧化活性研究

用四种不同极性溶剂提取五种常用植物香料,并用福林-酚法检测提取物总酚含量,用二苯代苦味酰基自由基(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydazyl,DPPH·)法检测提取物自由基清除活性,铁离子还原法检测提取物总还原力,硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法检测提取物抑制Fe2+-半胱氨酸引发的大鼠肝微粒体脂质过氧化作用。结果表明:丁香石油醚提取物、甲醇提取物、水提取物和肉桂甲醇提取物的总酚含量较高,其抗氧化活性与常用抗氧化剂--2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT)作用相当。总体而言,高极性溶剂提取物的总酚含量比低极性溶剂提取物的总酚含量高,抗氧化活性也比低极性溶剂提取物的强。     

Antioxidant properties of commercial soft and hard winter wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) and their milling fractions

The total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant activity (TAA), 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity, inhibition of coupled oxidation in a β‐carotene–linoleate model system, iron(II) chelation activity and inhibition of copper‐induced oxidation of human low‐density lipoprotein (hLDL) cholesterol of 80% ethanolic extracts of soft and hard winter wheat samples and their milling fractions, namely flour, germ, bran and shorts, were investigated. Soft wheat extracts examined demonstrated higher TPC and TAA compared to those of hard wheat extracts. The germ fraction possessed the highest TPC, followed by bran, shorts, whole grain and flour for both wheat types examined. The TAA of both wheat types showed similar results except that shorts performed better than bran in this assay. Free radical scavenging properties of whole grain and milling fractions of both soft and hard wheat samples were examined against DPPH radical. The germ and flour fractions demonstrated the highest and lowest DPPH radical scavenging activity, respectively, among wheat fractions. Wheat extracts were also efficient in preventing bleaching of β‐carotene, which is also known to be free radical mediated. In the iron(II) chelation assay the flour extracts demonstrated excellent activity, while the germ extracts showed a weak activity. The trends were similar in both soft and hard wheat for the iron(II) chelation assay. Wheat extracts also inhibited copper‐induced oxidation of hLDL. In LDL oxidation assay, wheat extracts performed better than the reference antioxidant, ferulic acid. Thus wheat phenolics may serve as effective antioxidative components as measured by in vitro techniques. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Analysis of solvent effects on polyphenols profile,antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of mulberry (Morus alba L.) extracts

A systematic study about the solvent effect on the mulberry polyphenol (MP) profile, antioxidant and antiproliferation capacities against human hepatoma HepG2 cells was conducted. Results indicated that MP profiles showed significant differences as a function of solvents including AA/W (acetic acid/water), MeOH/AA/W (methanol/ acetic acid/water), EtOH/AA/W (ethanol/ acetic acid/water) and ME2CO/AA/W (acetone/ acetic acid/water). Among the solvents, EtOH/AA/W took advantage in obtaining MP with the highest yield (49.81 mg GAE g^?1 dw), and cellular antioxidant capacity in the PBS no‐wash protocol (63.2 μmolQE/100 g), as well as low cell cytotoxicity (≥50.0 mg mL^?1). ME2CO/AA/W was the best choice for extracting MP with the most various compositions (two phenolic acids, four anthocyanins and four flavonols), greatest potential in inhibiting proliferation of HepG2 cells (EC₅₀ = 28.2 mg mL^?1) and highest intracellular antioxidant activity (38.0 μmolQE/100 g). Results provide baseline information for efficient solvent extraction to obtain MP that is promising as natural antioxidants and antitumor agents.     

两种真姬菇不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性研究

研究两种真姬菇不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性和多酚含量。制备真姬菇粗提物、正己烷萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物与水萃取物,分析它们的抗氧化活性与测定它们的多酚含量。结果表明:闽真2号正己烷萃取物的总抗氧化能力最好,乙酸乙酯萃取物清除DPPH自由基能力最强,正丁醇萃取物清除ABTS自由基能力最强;闽真3号乙酸乙酯萃取物的总抗氧化能力、清除DPPH与ABTS自由基能力均最好。相关性分析结果表明,真姬菇多酚含量与DPPH自由基清除能力具有一定的相关性。综合考虑抗氧化活性与萃取率,正己烷萃取物与乙酸乙酯萃取物可被作为天然抗氧化剂应用于食品科学领域。     

不同品种苹果化学成分及抗氧化活性比较

测定13种苹果的L-抗坏血酸、可溶性糖、滴定酸和总酚含量及pH值,比较13种苹果的抗氧化活性,包括还原力、脂质过氧化抑制率、 ·OH和DPPH自由基清除率,并依据化学成分对13种苹果进行聚类分析。结果表明,13种苹果的化学成分及抗氧化活性有差异,其中以新红星、藤牧1号和延光的抗氧化活性最强,而秦冠、粉红女士和红富士的抗氧化活性最小。苹果中的总酚含量与抗氧化活性之间显著正相关,两者均受基因型影响。聚类结果显示,美国八号、太平洋红玫瑰为抗坏血酸含量最高的一类,可溶性糖含量较高的乔纳金、太平洋红玫瑰、粉红女士、秦冠和红富士聚为一类,粉红女士为滴定酸含量最高的一类,糖酸比最高的一类是秦冠和红富士,藤牧1号、延光、新红星和乔纳金的总酚含量较高。     

Evaluation of ethanol fermentation parameters for bioethanol production from sugar beet pulp and juice

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficient utilization of sugar beet pulp, as well as raw, concentrated raw and thick sugar beet juice, for bioethanol production. Different fermentation conditions were examined. The influence of raw material pre‐treatment (pasteurization or sterilization), type of batch culture process (stationary or shaken) as well as the type of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast preparation on the yields of the process were studied. Moreover, the fermentation process effectiveness was examined in connection with the quality of the obtained distillates. Sterilization, stationary batch culture and Safdistil C‐70 yeast preparation were identified as the most profitable factors for sugar beet pulp fermentation, providing a high fermentation efficiency and ethanol yield (87.7% of theoretical ethanol yield). Concentrated raw beet juice resulted in a value of 94.2% of theoretical yield, and thick juice a 92.6% yield. The results suggest that bioethanol production from sugar beet pulp and sugar beet juice has promise as an alternative fuel. The raw spirits obtained from the sugar beet juice were characterized as having the lowest quantity of volatile by‐products. Copyright © 2014 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

菠萝蜜果皮不同萃取部位抗氧化活性的研究

为了深入研究菠萝蜜果皮石油醚、乙酸乙酯、水三个萃取部位的抗氧化活性,通过DPPH、ABTS、FRAP三种方法对其抗氧化活性进行评价,并考察了各个部位中多酚、黄酮含量。结果表明,菠萝蜜果皮乙酸乙酯部多酚和黄酮的含量最高,分别为1.346、1.102mg/g,而水部含量最低,分别为0.593、0.029mg/g。不同部位中抗氧化活性大小顺序为乙酸乙酯部（EA）>石油醚部（PE）>水部（W）,其中乙酸乙酯部对DPPH自由基抑制率最高可达到94%,对ABTS+自由基抑制率可达99.1%,总抗氧化能力FRAP值可达952.6μmol/L。      

五种野生青海食用菌提取物的抗氧化活性研究

本文综合分析了草原白蘑菇1号Agaricus bisporus(Lange)Sing.、毛头鬼伞Coprinus comatus(Muell.:Fr.)S.F.Gray.、墨汁鬼伞Copinus atramentarius(Bull.)Fr.、长根菇Collybia radi-cata(Relh.ex Fr.)Quel.和翘林丝盖伞Inocybe calamistrata(Fr.)Gill.五种来自青海的野生食用真菌的抗氧化活性及相关成分。翘林丝盖伞的两种提取物均表现出了最强的DPPH自由基清除能力,其甲醇提取物和乙醇提取物的EC50值分别为0.90±0.06 mg/m L和0.85±0.14 mg/m L;长根菇甲醇提取物(0.45±0.01 mg/m L)和乙醇提取物(0.78±0.01mg/m L)展现出了最强的铁离子螯合能力;翘林丝盖伞甲醇提取物(0.26±0.002 mmol Trolox equivalents/g)和55%乙醇提取物(0.24±0.003mmol Trolox equivalents/g)具有最高的Trolox等价摩尔含量。墨汁鬼伞甲醇提取物中抗氧化活性成分-总酚的含量(19.04±0.30 mg gallic acid equivalents/g)显著高于其他四种提取物(P0.05);翘林丝盖伞乙醇提取物的总酚含量(11.41±0.09 mg gallic acid equivalents/g)显著高于其他四种提取物(P0.05)。五种野生食用真菌均具有显著的抗氧化活性,总体上来说,翘林丝盖伞的抗氧化活性更强。     

龙眼壳中抗氧化活性成分研究

在原有龙眼壳乙醇粗提物抗氧化活性研究的基础上,对其抗氧化活性成分进行进一步的分离,依次采用乙酸乙酯萃取、大孔树脂吸附和MCI柱等分离手段对其乙醇粗提物进行了纯化分离,得到不同部分。然后对各部位的总黄酮含量进行了测定,并研究了他们的体外清除自由基能力,为龙眼壳开发为天然抗氧化剂提供了依据。     

椴树蜜纯度鉴定及其抗氧化活性研究

测定东北地区收集的16批椴树蜜中椴树花粉占总花粉比例;并采用福林酚法测定各批次椴树蜜中的总酚含量;采用DPPH自由基清除法、ABTS+自由基清除法与铁离子还原能力(ferric reducing antioxidant power,FRAP)法测定各批次椴树蜜的总抗氧化能力。结果表明:16批椴树蜜中椴树花粉占总花粉含量分别在7.14%~76.73%之间,椴树花粉含量可用于椴树蜜纯度鉴定,其中7个批次的椴树蜜判定为椴树单花蜜,9个批次椴树蜜为椴树杂花蜜;椴树单花蜜的总酚含量以没食子酸计在174.64μg/g~222.82μg/g,杂花蜜为223.73μg/g~329.18μg/g;DPPH法测得椴树单花蜜的IC50值为(46.61±10.91)g/L~(107.76±34.17)g/L,杂花蜜IC50值为(24.72±6.89)g/L~(76.75±8.09)g/L;测得椴树单花蜜ABTS+自由基清除能力以Trolox计为(0.14±0.07)mmol/kg~(0.43±0.10)mmol/kg,椴树杂花蜜ABTS+自由基清除能力为(0.25±0.01)mmol/kg~(0.56±0.04)mmol/kg;测得椴树单花蜜铁离子还原能力以FeSO4计为(1.96±0.08)mmol/kg~(2.82±0.08)mmol/kg,椴树杂花蜜铁离子还原能力以FeSO4计为(2.08±0.07)mmol/kg~(3.81±0.11)mmol/kg。结果显示,椴树蜜有一定的抗氧化活性,抗氧化活性与总酚含量呈正相关,但与椴树蜜纯度相关性不强。     

蓝莓叶不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性研究

研究蓝莓叶不同溶剂提取物中总酚和黄酮的含量以及抗氧化活性。分别用水、甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、石油醚等不同极性溶剂提取蓝莓叶中的活性物质,采用Folin-Cioeaile法、三氯化铝显色法分别测定不同提取物中总酚和黄酮的含量;应用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基和2,2-联氮基双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS）自由基清除体系及β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸体系评价其抗氧化活性,考察活性物质含量与抗氧化活性的关系。结果表明,蓝莓叶提取物的抗氧化活性随提取溶剂极性的减小而减小。水提取物具有较强的抗氧化活性,其清除DPPH·和ABTS+·的EC50分别为（12.78±0.10）、（6.35±0.03）μg/mL,抑制β-胡萝卜素淬灭IC50值为（25.33±0.02）μg/mL。含量测定显示水提物中总酚含量最高,为（264.67±0.29）mg/g,而甲醇提取物中黄酮含量最高,为（68.94±0.08）mg/g,相关性分析表明,不同溶剂提取物抗氧化能力差别较大,总酚和黄酮含量与抗氧化能力具有相关性,提示水可作为蓝莓叶抗氧化活性物质提取的优选溶剂,而总酚和黄酮含量可作为蓝莓叶抗氧化提取物的质量评价指标。      

黑芝麻与白芝麻各组分抗氧化物质及抗氧化活性研究

选取黑芝麻和白芝麻各3个品种,研究黑、白芝麻籽、仁及皮的总酚、木脂素含量和抗氧化活性以及总酚、木脂素含量、抗氧化活性之间的相关性。结果表明:黑芝麻籽、仁及皮的总酚含量均高于白芝麻籽、仁及皮;黑芝麻和白芝麻各品种间芝麻籽、芝麻仁及芝麻皮中木脂素含量变化不大,且芝麻素和芝麻林素含量均较低(40 mg/100 g);黑芝麻籽及黑芝麻皮的总抗氧化能力均高于白芝麻籽及白芝麻皮,而黑、白芝麻仁的总抗氧化能力相差不大;黑、白芝麻皮对DPPH·清除率均显著高于芝麻籽及芝麻仁;黑、白芝麻籽及芝麻仁对·OH均表现出很弱的清除能力,而芝麻皮对·OH清除率均在60%以上;黑、白芝麻籽及芝麻皮总酚与总抗氧化能力呈极显著正相关(P0.01),与DPPH·清除率呈极显著(P0.01)或显著(P0.05)正相关。     

镇江香醋不同极性组分抗氧化性比较

研究了镇江香醋中不同极性组分对DPPH自由基的清除活性,并测定了各极性组分中的总酚含量。结果表明,镇江香醋中各极性组分可不同程度地清除自由基。乙醇沉淀上清液浓缩物经无水丙酮、无水乙醇处理后分离得到的镇江香醋提取物V4和乙醇沉淀物中的水溶性组分V5,具有较高的自由基清除活性和总酚含量。V4和V5在终浓度为150μg/mL时的清除率分别达到了56.31%、59.42%,在250μg/mL时的清除率均达到71.44%。V4和V5的总酚含量分别为53.70μg/mg、42.89μg/mg。V4在醋中的得率远高于V5,分别为71.33 g/L和16.05 g/L。     

益智果实乙酸乙酯部位抗氧化活性研究

研究益智果实乙酸乙酯部位的抗氧化能力。采用液液分配法从益智果实乙醇提取物中萃取得到乙酸乙酯部位,用硅胶柱色谱对其进一步分离纯化,得到4个洗脱部分。分别采用DPPH·清除法、ABTS·+清除法、总还原能力以及福林酚方法测定5个提取物的抗氧化能力和总多酚含量。实验结果表明,益智果实乙酸乙酯部位及其各部分均具有较强的抗氧化能力,其中石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(4∶1,体积比)洗脱部分的抗氧化能力最强。各提取物总多酚含量测定结果与其抗氧化能力呈正相关,表明提取物中起抗氧化作用的物质主要为多酚类化合物。