Preparation of biomolecule gel matrices for electron microscopy

We report a new sample preparation method that allows the direct transmission electron microscopy evaluation of the architectural characteristics of biomolecules entrapped in gel matrices. We demonstrate that this sample preparation technique can be used for the identification and ultrastructural characterization of liposomes, collagen I and collagen III embedded in gel matrices, and has the potential to be useful for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization of other biomolecule-gel matrix systems.     

基于虚拟仪器的玻璃幕墙检测试验平台

分析了建筑玻璃幕墙三性检测试验平台的功能和要求,提出了基于虚拟仪器和以太网的系统集成方案.实现了单片机、PLC和虚拟仪器,通过以太网来对数据进行远程采集和分布式监控;并详细介绍了服务器端和客户端的软件设计要点.     

环喷式流量调节阀在高消能工况下的应用与分析

介绍了环喷式流量调节阀在高消能工况下的应用与研究过程及其结构特点 ,分析了在高消能工况下 ,调节阀产品应采取的相应措施     

基于C8051F020单片机与MXA2500GL传感器的振动信号分布式检测方法

介绍了C8051F020及MXA2500GL的性能特点，并给出了振动信号分布式检测的架构及实现。该检测方法以PC作为上位机，通过RS-485串行通讯，实现上位机与振动信号分布式检测系统的控制核-C8051F020单片机之间的数据传输，并可以将检测结果在上位机上显示输出。     

炼铁厂高炉1号鼓风机防喘振控制系统的改造

结合本厂高炉1号鼓风机防喘振控制系统改造的具体实例,阐述防喘振控制原理、防喘振自控系统的组成及实现方法.     

新型液压拼焊工艺装备的设计与应用

阐述了装载机结构件新型液压拼焊工艺装备的有关原理和发展趋势，并通过对比现有的结构件拼焊工艺装备常用的夹紧模式，较为详细地剖析了设计装载机结构件液压拼焊工艺装备的思路，成功实现了在装载机三大结构件上的应用。确保了结构件的拼焊质量，提高了工作效率，降低了工人的劳动强度。     

一种新型张力控制系统的研究

提出了一种新型的纤维张力控制系统，它以交流数字伺服电机为执行元件，具有结构简单、门动化程度高、回纱能力强和保持张力恒定等特点。     

Monte Carlo Simulation of CD‐SEM Images for Linewidth and Critical Dimension Metrology

In semiconductor industry, strict critical dimension control by using a critical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD‐SEM) is an extremely urgent task in near‐term years. A Monte Carlo simulation model for study of CD‐SEM image has been established, which is based on using Mott's cross section for electron elastic scattering and the full Penn dielectric function formalism for electron inelastic scattering and the associated secondary electron (SE) production. In this work, a systematic calculation of CD‐SEM line‐scan profiles and 2D images of trapezoidal Si lines has been performed by taking into account different experimental factors including electron beam condition (primary energy, probe size), line geometry (width, height, foot/corner rounding, sidewall angle, and roughness), material properties, and SE signal detection. The influences of these factors to the critical dimension metrology are investigated, leading to build a future comprehensive model‐based library. SCANNING 35: 127‐139, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Optimal Shape Design of an Extrusion Die Using Polynomial Networks and Genetic Algorithms

Designing the optimal shape for an extrusion die to produce a high-quality extrusion product is often required by industry. Design from experience is unsatisfactory for achieving the flexibility and precision requirements in die design. In this paper, a design method has been developed for the optimum shape design of extrusion die. The extrusion process was modelled and analysed by using the finite-element method to obtain the extrusion force and effective strain for different die shapes. A polynomial network was applied to identify the force and strain models in terms of the geometric parameters of the extrusion die. An improved genetic algorithm was used to optimise the identified model for optimal shape with minimum force and strain. It has been verified that the modelling error is extremely small. The designer can quickly and accurately access the optimal shape of an extrusion die through this new approach. RID=" ID=" <E5>Correspondence and offprint requests to</E5>: Dr Y.-C. Hsu, Department of Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering, National Huwei Institute of Technology, 64 Wun-Hua Road, Huwei, Yunlin, Taiwan. E-mail: jasonych&commat;sunws.nhit.edt.tw     

底装料立式工业炉先进技术

世创-索罗工业炉公司有包括底装料立式多用炉，精密渗碳、渗氮井式炉，精密网带炉和精密实验宣炉等先进技术。本文重点介绍了底装料立式多用炉的结构特点和优越性、高质量渗碳和保护热处理应用、薄层渗碳和碳氮共渗应用、减少热处理畸变代替盐炉等方面应用；介绍了精密渗氮井式炉的结构特点和优越性，以及性能测试和试验结果，展示了SOLO工业炉技术先进性。     

SA387Gr.11Cl.2+UNS N08825镍基合金复合板的热成型及热处理

介绍了复合钢板封头成型存在的问题，制订了SA387Gr．11Cl．2 UNS N08825镍基合金复合钢板球型封头瓜瓣的热成型及热处理工艺，并进行了验证，得出只要控制好热成型温度范围，就不必重新热处理，只做回火处理就能满足设计要求的结论。最后做出总结，以备今后参考。     

A Generic Part Orientation System Based on Volumetric Error in Rapid Prototyping

The paper presents the development of a generic part orientation system for rapid prototyping by considering the issue of volumetric error encountered in parts during the layer by layer building process in a rapid prototyping (RP) system. An algorithm is developed that slices the part with horizontal planes and computes the volumetric error in the part at different orientations by rotation about user-specified axes. The system recommends the best orientation based on the least amount of volumetric error in the part. The system has been tested using several examples of simple and complex parts. The generic part orientation system is believed to be first of its kind based on a volumetric error approach and will be useful for RP users in creating RP parts with a higher level of accuracy and surface finish, and also for intelligent process planning in rapid prototyping. RID=" ID=" <E5>Correspondence and offprint requests to</E5>: Assoc. Prof. S. H. Masood, CAD/CAM/CAE Group, Industrial Research Institute Swinburne, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Melbourne, 3122 Australia. E-mail: smasood&commat;swin.edu.au     

Addressing Surface Error Problems Found when Using Multiple Axis Milling for the Manufacture of Turbine Impellers

This paper addresses the phenomenon of circular dots, which often occur on the component surface as a result of 5-axis machining. These dots occur typically at the interface of two or more patches owing to the cutter fouling adjoining surfaces whilst machining is being undertaken on a particular patch. The action described above forms a half-dot in the adjoining surface. This is made into a full dot, when, during the machin-ing of the second surface, the first surface is fouled. This paper is concerned with an industrial case study, namely the machining of a hydraulic transmission turbine impeller blade. The work does not eradicate the dot problem; however, it reduces the occurrence. To achieve a component completely free from the dot problem it was necessary to amend the milling strategy to minimise the motion of the A and B axes. RID=" ID=" <E5>Correspondence and offprint requests to</E5>: Professor D. K. Harrison, Department of Engineering, Caledonian University, City Campus, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK. E-mail: dha2&commat;gcal.ac.uk     

全球化与高等教育的国际责任

随着经济全球化不断深入,高等教育国际化既是民族国家不可回避的现实,也是高等教育机构应对的策略。在回应国际化挑战的过程中,高等教育系统必须用全球化思维来统观发展方向,更加负责地参与国际化进程,充分考虑到教育质量是持续发展的重要保障。     

测试稿件

采用自主研发的智能化控制系统,以智能化控制的运行方式使序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)形成交替运行的好氧—缺氧环境,对不同C/N人工模拟城市污水进行了脱氮除磷试验研究。该试验中控制反应器内水温为25℃?1℃,曝气量为150 L/h,进水COD浓度为300 mg/L、TP浓度为5 mg/L,以TN浓度为30 mg/L、60 mg/L、90 mg/L分别运行了15 d、20 d、20 d。结果表明：当C/N分别为10、5、3.3时,COD的平均去除率分别达到85.2%、91.1%、97.7%;而TP的平均去除率分别达到94.1%、95.9%、96.7%;NH₄ -N的平均去除率分别达到95.8%、99.2%、80.0%;TN平均去除率则分别达到90.7%、81.1%、58.3%。C/N对氮的去除影响较大,随着C/N的降低,TN的去除率随之降低,而COD和TP的去除率略有升高。智能化控制SBBR中存在着同步硝化反硝化和短程同步硝化反硝化,C/N越高,反硝化程度越高。智能化控制SBBR在进水后未经厌氧释磷,直接以好氧—缺氧方式运行,具有良好的除磷效果,和传统的厌氧释磷好氧吸磷理论和研究有所不同。     

Estimation of Optimum Genetic Control Parameters for Job Shop Scheduling

Genetic algorithms (GA) have demonstrated considerable success in providing good solutions to many non-polynomial hard optimization problems. GAs are applied for identifying efficient solutions for a set of numerical optimization problems. Job shop scheduling (JSS) has earned a reputation for being difficult to solve. Many workers have used various values of genetic parameters. This paper attempts to tune the control parameters for efficiency, that are used to acceleate the genetic algorithm (applied to JSS) to converge on an optimal solution. The genetic parameters, namely, number of generations, probability of crossover, probability of mutation, are optimized relating to the size of problems. The results are validated in job shop scheduling problems. The results indicate that by using an appropriate range of parameters, the genetic algorithm is able to find an optimal solution faster. RID=" ID=" <E5>Correspondence and offprint requests to</E5>: Dr S. G. Ponnambalam, Department of Production Engineering, Regional Engineering College, Tiruchirapalli, 620 015, India. E-mail: pons&commat;rect.ernet.in     

Characterization of microscope objective lenses from 1,400 to 1,650 nm to evaluate performance for long-wavelength nonlinear microscopy applications

We have demonstrated a simple method for characterization of objective lens performance at longer wavelengths for 3PLSM and THG imaging. We investigated a range of air and oil-immersion objective lenses across a wavelength range of 1,400-1,650 nm using a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator laser source. In the first instance, we investigated the percentage light transmission across this spectral range. Second, we used a simple second harmonic autocorrelation pulse measurement technique to study the dispersion properties of these lenses at the range of input wavelengths. For the objective lenses investigated, we observed pulse broadening on the order of around 4%-7% for air immersion lenses and 9%-12% for oil immersion lenses. Even for the greater dispersion incurred by the application of the oil immersion lenses, these objectives are suitable for longer wavelength application in conjunction with a suitable light source. The same techniques could easily be applied for a larger range of objective lenses and adapted for alternative spectral windows and pulse durations.     

On the Dry Machining of Steel Surfaces Using Superhard Tools

Coolant for cutting and grinding not only increases the production costs, but also damages the environment and health of the employees. Therefore, attention should be directed towards machining processes, where the use of coolant can be reduced significantly or even stopped. Analysis of the cutting processes and the tool materials throws light on the area where wet, moist, or dry machining are applicable. Dry machining with CBN tools, so called hard turning, performed on hardened steels has produced very favourable results, which are applicable in industry. The characteristics of the surface integrity with dry machining are more favourable than with grinding and the operation costs are reduced. In hard turning, the compressive residual stress field developed, in contrast to the tensile stresses developed in grinding, increases the fatigue life of the machined components. RID=" ID=" <E5>Correspondence and offprint requests to</E5>: Professor A. G. Mamalis, Manufacturing Technology Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Athens, 42, 28th October Avenue, 106 82 Athens, Greece. E-mail: mamalis&commat;central.ntua.gr     

Model-Based Motion Planning for Robotic Assembly of Non-Cylindrical Parts

In high-speed part mating using robotic arms, the dynamic characteristics of the mating process have to be considered. This paper first derives the geometrical compatibility condition for the insertion motion where mating force/moment are free of overshooting. Simulation studies are then carried out where the dynamic characteristics of a robot, subjected to contact force and moment, are formulated and solved numerically. On that basis, the worst case among different types and combinations of misalignments is predicted and a varying speed insertion motion is synthesised. Experimental investigations involving square peg mating using a SCARA robot are presented. The experimental results show that with such a varying-speed motion, assembly operations can be carried out in a reduced cycle time without inducing excessive contact force and moments.