铝电解槽燃气焙烧技术的优化控制

随着铝工业的迅速发展,铝电解槽燃气焙烧技术的应用越来越广泛。优化控制铝电解槽燃气焙烧技术对于提高能源利用效率、降低能耗、减少环境污染等方面具有重要意义。然而,目前该技术在实际应用中仍存在诸多问题,需要进一步优化和改进。本文以200-240kA电解槽为例,针对燃气焙烧方式存在的突出问题,在装炉标准、焙烧设备安装标准和升温策略等关键过程优化进行重点分析,列举关键措施,实现燃气焙烧的成熟应用。     

锌精矿富氧流态化焙烧工艺研究

本文介绍了锌精矿富氧流态化焙烧工艺,对富氧焙烧的反应机理、生产实践进行了详述。通过将空气焙烧和富氧焙烧进行对比,分析了富氧焙烧可行性及存在的问题,并对富氧焙烧技术在锌精矿焙烧上的应用进行了探讨和展望。     

铝电解槽环流焙烧技术的研究开发与应用

研究开发应用了环流焙烧技术。从装槽、软连接安装、分流器安装和通电焙烧逐一研究了环流焙烧的技术要领。生产槽实践表明阴极内衬焙烧温度均匀,阳极电流分布均匀,伸腿得到焙烧,有效避免电解槽早期破损。     

燃气焙烧启动技术在石墨化阴极电解槽的工业应用与分析

燃气焙烧启动技术和石墨化阴极技术是当前电解铝企业面对国家阶梯电价政策要求下全面降低电能消耗的首选技术。通过分析燃气焙烧启动技术优势和石墨化阴极特性,指出了石墨化阴极电解槽采用燃气焙烧时需要提高焙烧温度、调整升温策略和延长焙烧时间等技术措施,并在2台400 kA电解槽上进行了工业应用,达到了启动后无渗漏现象,在平稳运行6个月的时间内,炉底压降可以稳定保持在185 mV以下,吨铝直流电耗为12 269 kWh,达到了行业较好水平。     

大型预焙铝电解槽焦粒焙烧技术的改进

本文介绍了某铝业公司大型预焙铝电解槽焦粒焙烧技术的应用和发展,以及焦粒焙烧技术的一些实践经验。     

新型燃油烟气焙烧技术在GL75kA系列电解槽上的开发与应用

铝电解焙烧技术和工艺是影响电解槽寿命和运行效率的关键因素之一。本文以关铝股份有限公司多年的电解焙烧实践为基础,结合理论探讨,着重介绍了新型燃油焙烧装置的开发和应用情况。     

湿法炼锌中沸腾焙烧过程的研究进展

文章简要介绍了沸腾焙烧过程在湿法炼锌中的应用现状，分析了其在制粒焙烧、提高沸腾炉产能、优化焙烧工艺参数、除杂等方面的研究进展。最后介绍了今后湿法炼锌中沸腾焙烧技术的研究方向。     

回转窑磁化焙烧矿冷却方式探讨

介绍了国内一些科研机构和学者对磁化焙烧工艺冷却方式的试验研究情况,并对磁化焙烧矿一些常规冷却方式进行了优劣势分析,得出不同冷却方式会对磁化焙烧矿的磁性能和磨矿性能产生一定影响,但通过合理的优化冷却方式,焙烧矿可取得良好的磨选指标,回转窑磁化焙烧矿冷却方式的选择,关键是要考虑整个焙烧冷却系统是否经济、节能、环保。在此基础上,介绍了国内目前喷雾冷却、无热源延续还原冷却新技术的应用方法和创新理念,指出了回转窑磁化焙烧矿冷却技术的发展趋势,为回转窑磁化焙烧工艺进一步得到广泛的应用和发展创造了条件,对推动我国贫矿资源的开发利用,减少我国对进口铁矿石的依赖具有重要意义。     

大型预焙槽焦粒焙烧探讨

国内目前采用的焙烧方法主要有两种:铝液焙烧及焦粒焙烧.焦粒焙烧法具有操作相对简便、技术可靠、焙烧时间短,一次可焙烧多处电解槽等优点,现已在大型预焙槽电解铝厂得到普遍应用,以求减少对电解槽内衬材料的热冲击及筑炉时存在的裂缝等缺陷,希望在启动后由电解质优先进入从而阻挡铝液的持续渗入.     

预焙电解槽用焦粒焙烧启动中的实践探讨

电解槽焙烧启动是电解铝生产的重要阶段.焦粒焙烧法具有操作相对简便、技术可靠、焙烧时间短,一次可焙烧多处电解槽等优点,现已在大型预焙槽电解铝厂得到普遍应用,以求减少对电解槽内衬材料的热冲击,对筑炉时存在的裂缝等缺陷,希望在启动后由电解质优先进入从而阻挡铝液的持续渗入;减轻了劳动量,维护了安全有序的启动生产现场.其通过焦粒焙烧在启动中的应用,提出了一些优化措施.     

Introduction to the special section on cognitive processes and psychotherapy.

Theoretical models featuring cognitive processes have played a fundamental role in advancing knowledge of psychopathology and its treatment and have emphasized the importance of cognition in psychotherapy. Recognition of the importance of cognition in psychotherapy has led to a number of questions that are addressed by the articles in this special section of the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. Cognitive therapy is well represented in the articles in this special section, but therapeutic procedures that do not represent typical cognitive therapy are also examined. The articles in this special section focus on homework in the modification of cognition, cognition in the treatment of anxiety in adults and in children, change in depressive cognitions in children, cognition and rapid change in the treatment of depression, and the role of cognition in the treatment and prevention of depression that is recurrent. Examination of these types of questions holds the possibility of advances in existing treatments and the possibility of innovations in new treatments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

某铀矿区水稻土—地表水铀含量对稻米铀含量的影响

以水稻土—地表水铀含量为视角,从水稻土剖面铀含量分布规律、水稻土与下伏岩体稀土元素特征、不同河流不同河段水稻土—地表水—稻米铀含量特征、水稻土与稻米铀含量关系4个方面研究721铀矿区稻米铀含量成因。结果表明,水稻土剖面铀含量从表层至半风化花岗质基岩层呈明显降低的特征,说明水稻土铀含量高的原因不是土壤母质铀含量高;岩石与水稻土稀土元素标准化模式均表现为向右倾斜型,均属轻稀土富集型,轻稀土分馏明显,表明水稻土为还原环境,吸附作用较强;不同河流不同河段水稻土—地表水—稻米铀含量平均值的特性均为上游最低、中游最高、下游次之。铀矿区地表水环境符合铀元素在水稻土中被平衡吸附的动力学条件,有利于铀元素在矿区内河流中游地区的水稻土中沉淀富集;正在采矿区水稻土与稻米铀含量具有高度的空间耦合性,呈指数正相关关系,相关系数0.749。矿区内河流沿岸稻米铀含量的分布特征是由铀元素的迁移途径决定的"采矿活动(铀尾矿露天堆放)→地表水→水稻土"。     

球团链箅机回转窑工艺中氯和硫元素迁移规律

摘要：对链箅机回转窑工艺中各段球团样品进行实验分析,研究了氯元素和硫元素在链箅机回转窑工艺中的迁移规律,明晰了烟气中HCl的生成机制。结果表明,球团原料中的氯元素主要是以NaCl的形式存在,氯元素有一部分在链箅机抽风干燥段会转变成HCl气体并进入烟气,一部分在链箅机预热Ⅱ段之后以NaCl的形式汽化进入烟气,剩余的氯元素仍以NaCl的形式存在于成品球团矿中。烟气中的HCl气体是在抽风干燥段,由富含SO2的烟气与含水球团料层中的NaCl发生反应生成的,烟气中SO2转变成Na2SO4重新固定于料层中。在预热Ⅰ段和预热Ⅱ段,烟气中的SO2与原料中碳酸钙分解生成的游离CaO反应生成CaSO4,也会重新固定烟气中的SO2。     

NF-κB regulates prenatal stress-induced cognitive impairment in offspring rats.

The study was designed to investigate whether nuclear factor of kappa B (NF-κB) plays regulating role in prenatal stress-induced cognitive impairment and oxidative damage in offspring rats. The authors used a rat model to study plasma levels of corticosterone and oxidative DNA damage (8-OH-dG), protein expression of P65/p50 NF-κB, and cognitive function in female and male offspring rats in middle pregnant stage and later pregnant stage. Prenatal stress affected the capability of learning and memory in the offspring, especially in later stage stressed female offspring. The levels of corticosterone and 8-OH-dG were enhanced in response to stress. Both middle and later stage stresses induced a significant decrease in P65 expression and a significant increase in P50 expression in female offspring. In addition, later stage stress induced a significant decrease in P50 expression in male offspring. These results suggest that NF-κB complex may be acting in a positive regulatory fashion in prenatal stress-induced cognitive impairment and that oxidative DNA damage may exacerbate the activation of NF-κB. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于风险管控的矿区污染修复技术与模式综述

矿区环境的污染防治与生态修复是促进我国“十四五”生态文明建设的重要内容之一，促进风险管控与修复技术集成是治理矿山污染的必然趋势。回顾了近年来我国矿区污染的主要修复类与管控类技术，总结了风险管控模式下矿区污染场地一般修复思路，并在此基础上归纳概括了4种我国矿区的修复管控模式与实施案例，包括基于污染物时空分布、迁移转化规律、场地利用方式及风险等级的矿区修复管控模式。以期为未来我国建立涵盖风险标准体系与技术体系的场地治理模式提供参考与支撑。     

Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: A meta-analytic summary and theoretical extension of the work design literature.

The authors developed and meta-analytically examined hypotheses designed to test and extend work design theory by integrating motivational, social, and work context characteristics. Results from a summary of 259 studies and 219,625 participants showed that 14 work characteristics explained, on average, 43% of the variance in the 19 worker attitudes and behaviors examined. For example, motivational characteristics explained 25% of the variance in subjective performance, 2% in turnover perceptions, 34% in job satisfaction, 24% in organizational commitment, and 26% in role perception outcomes. Beyond motivational characteristics, social characteristics explained incremental variances of 9% of the variance in subjective performance, 24% in turnover intentions, 17% in job satisfaction, 40% in organizational commitment, and 18% in role perception outcomes. Finally, beyond both motivational and social characteristics, work context characteristics explained incremental variances of 4% in job satisfaction and 16% in stress. The results of this study suggest numerous opportunities for the continued development of work design theory and practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

O. Chanute, C.E.

Octave Chanute was one of the leading civil engineers in the United States in the period between 1850 and 1890. His work on eastern and western railroads was unsurpassed. He began his bridge building career in 1856 and designed his last major bridge in 1888. Starting in 1890, he began his study in the work that others conducted in the area of manned flight and designed and tested many of his own gliders. He later assisted the Wright Brothers in their experiments in Dayton and at Kitty Hawk.     

冷却速率对KR脱硫渣中硫析出行为的影响

KR脱硫渣中主要成分(CaO)为转炉冶炼的优质造渣原料,通过氧化性气氛将渣中硫脱除后可将其用于转炉冶炼.但由于炉渣冷却制度不同,渣中硫的析出行为和赋存状态会发生变化,对炉渣氧化脱硫效果产生影响.基于此,以合成渣的形式探究冷速对KR脱硫渣中硫析出行为的影响,旨在明确KR脱硫渣中硫赋存状态及析出行为与冷却速率的关系,为后续...     

Tension and Compression Stability and Second-Order Analyses of Three-Dimensional Multicolumn Systems: Effects of Shear Deformations

The stability and second-order analyses of three-dimensional (3D) multicolumn systems including the effects of shear deformations along the span of each column are presented in a condensed manner. This formulation is an extension to an algorithm presented recently by the writer in 2002 and 2003 by which the critical load of each column, the total critical load, and the second-order response of a 3D multicolumn system with semirigid connections can be determined directly. The proposed solution includes not only the combined effects of flexural deformations and shear distortions along the columns in their two principal transverse axes, but also the effect of the shear forces along each member induced by the applied end axial force as the columns deform and deflect (as suggested by Haringx in 1947 and explained by Timoshenko and Gere in 1961) in their two principal transverse axes. The extended characteristic transcendental equations (corresponding to multicolumn systems with sidesway and twist uninhibited, partially inhibited, and totally inhibited) that are derived and discussed in this publication find great applications in the stability and second-order analyses of 3D multicolumn systems made of materials with relatively low shear stiffness such as orthotropic composite materials (fiber reinforced plastic) and multilayer elastomeric bearings used for seismic isolation of buildings. The phenomenon of buckling under axial tension in members with relatively low shear stiffness (observed by Kelly in 2003 in multilayer elastomeric bearings, and recently discussed by the writer in 2005) is captured by the proposed method. Tension buckling must not be ignored in the stability analysis of multicolumn systems made of columns in which the shear stiffness GAs is of the same order of magnitude as π2EI/h2.     

高磷铁矿含碳球团还原熔分脱磷

通过对高磷铁矿中磷灰石还原机理的分析,发现配加碱性添加剂有利于抑制磷灰石还原,减少珠铁中磷含量。试验首先向含碳球团中配加CaCO3调节碱度,并在此基础上分别添加Na2CO3、CaF2,研究碱度和添加剂对球团还原熔分后珠铁和渣中磷含量的影响,得到磷的分配情况。试验结果表明:提高碱度,配加Na2CO3、CaF2均有利于抑制高磷铁矿中磷灰石的还原,降低珠铁中的磷含量。在1 400℃,碱度为1.4,Na2CO3、CaF2的质量分数均为4%,反应时间为12min时,珠铁中磷含量达到最低,脱磷率达到81.2%。