浅析建筑工程的风险管理

简要介绍了在工程建设中建设各方存在的风险,以及进行风险管理的必要性。并阐明了工程风险管理的结构和流程——风险辨识、风险估计、风险评价与分析、风险决策与控制、风险监控5个方面的内容。     

基于工作危害分析法的建设工程检测实验室风险管理研究及应用

基于工作危害分析法建立了风险管理程序,按照公正风险、安全风险、资源损失风险、过程风险列出了风险源清单,采用工作危害分析法进行风险评价。针对不同等级的风险采用降低风险、规避风险、分担风险等应对措施。风险管理计划实施后,风险监控部门应对风险应对措施实施效果跟踪评价,以进一步完善风险管理体系。最后通过实例阐述了风险管理运行过程。     

超高层建筑电梯安装工程中的风险管理

摘要：风险管理是社会组织或者个人用以降低风险的消极结果的决策过程．通过风险识别、风险估测、风险评价．并在此基础上选择与优化组合各种风险管理技术,对风险实施有效控制和妥善处理风险所致损失的后果．从而以最小的成本收获最大的安全保障。本文总结整理了该类项目电梯安装工程风险管理实施过程中的各项内容,分别从风险规划．风险识别．风险评估与评价．风险控制和风险监控等方面进行研究和阐述。     

建筑工程管理中的风险管理分析

建筑工程风险有偏离设计预期目标并造成损失的可能性;建筑工程风险无法完全避免,但可以通过风险管理来预防和控制风险的发生;建筑工程管理中的风险管理包括风险的识别、评价和控制;风险识别原则有全面识别原则、关联性原则、排除及确认原则;风险分析常用的方法有层次分析法;风险评估反映了人们对建筑工程风险的可接受程度;风险控制的作用是降低风险发生带来的损失,是风险管理的最终目的;风险应对方案有风险规避、预防、转移、自留等。     

外墙保温工程施工项目风险管理研究

全面分析外墙保温工程施工阶段的项目风险,在工程案例的基础上运用风险管理的技术工具,如专家调查法、检查表法、工作-风险分解法、专家估计法、主观评分法等,对外墙保温工程施工阶段的风险进行风险识别、风险估计、风险评价和风险处理,提出系统、全面、有效的风险管理措施。     

工程造价风险管理方法探讨

投资控制是工程项目管理的一个重要目标。工程项目实施过程中的风险因素对工程造价具有显著的影响。本文对风险因素、风险处理和风险监控等风险管理的主要过程进行了分析研究,初步提出了改善工程造价风险管理的策略,对于提高工程造价风险管理水平,丰富管理措施及方法起到了一定的借鉴作用。     

工程项目风险管理

本文就施工单位工程项目施工风险管理的风险回避、损失控制、风险利用与风险管理策略在理论与措施上进行了探讨,结合我国一般工程项目和工程建设施工合同(CF—91—0201)条件,提出了风险利用与风险管理策略的选择。 工程项目施工环境复杂、工期长,总是存在着风险。因此,项目目标管理的实现,应建立在风险管理的基础上。风险管理就是人们对潜在的意外损失进行辩识、评估,即在主观上尽可能有备无患或在无法避免时亦能寻求切实可行的补偿措施,并根据具体情况采取相应措施,从而减少风险损失或进而使风险为己所用。本文就施工企业项目风险管理的风险回避、损失控制、风险利用与风险管理策略发表一些见识。     

浅析工程建设过程中的造价风险

投资控制是工程项目管理的一个重要目标。结合工程项目实施的特点,运用风险管理的基本原理,通过对工程造价管理中风险因素的特性分析,进一步对工程造价风险识别、风险评估、风险处理和风险监控等风险管理的主要过程进行了分析研究。     

公路隧道施工安全风险管理

从风险识别、风险评估、风险应对、风险监控等方面介绍了隧道施工风险管理,分析了公路隧道施工风险的特征,提出了公路隧道施工风险应对技术措施,以完善公路隧道风险管理,从而更好地预防不良地质灾害的发生,保证隧道施工的安全。     

分层分析风险评价法在高层钢结构工程风险管理中的应用

风险管理可总结为对建设工程潜在的意外损失风险因素进行辨识、分析和评估,并根据具体情况采取相应措施进行处理,从而避免或减少损失事故发生的过程。与风险管理相关的概念有风险因素、风险事件和损失,其与风险的关系如图1所示。     

Evaluation and management of foreign exchange and revenue risks in China's BOT projects

China is actively investigating ways to introduce project financing, specifically through the build-operate-transfer (BOT) scheme to meet the needs for the country's infrastructure and to be attractive to foreign investors and lenders. The advent of concession agreements, backed by new BOT laws, will be a positive move forward to achieving project-financed infrastructure projects. There are thus opportunities especially in the power sector for foreign investors. However, it is important to identify and manage the unique or critical risks associated with China's BOT projects. This is especially so after policies were introduced in late 1996 when the first state-approved BOT project, the US$650 million 2 × 350 megawatt (MW) coal-fired Laibin B Power Plant (Laibin B), was awarded. They include a competitive tendering process and 100% foreign ownership of the operating company. This paper is based on the findings from an international survey on risk management of BOT projects in developing countries, with emphasis on power projects in China. It discusses specifically the criticality of foreign exchange and revenue risks which include exchange rate and convertibility risk, financial closing risk, dispatch constraint risk and tariff adjustment risk. The measures for mitigating each of these risks are discussed also.     

BOT项目风险管理浅析

BOT作为一种先进高效的基础设施建设的投资方式已在国内得到了成功应用,为加快经济发展起到了巨大的促进作用。但是,由于存在投资规模大,建设周期长,结构复杂等特点,BOT项目比一般工程项目面临着更为复杂的风险因素,风险问题已然成为BOT项目的核心问题之一。本文在这一背景下,分析了BOT项目在前期运作期、建设期、运营期以及移交期四个阶段面临的主要风险,探讨了项目过程中实施全面的前期运作风险管理、完工风险管理、运营风险管理及移交风险管理的方式方法。只有实行全过程的风险管理,才能保证项目得以顺利进行并最终产生效益。     

旧城改造项目的风险管理

旧城改造项目对城市的发展起着重要作用。文章借鉴工程项目风险管理理论,对旧城改造项目的风险管理进行了探讨。运用模糊综合评价的方法对具体的旧城改造项目的风险进行了评估,并就旧城改造项目的主要风险提出了一些风险对策,希望通过科学合理的风险管理更好地实施旧城改造项目。     

基于BIM的境外施工总承包项目风险管控平台的研究与实践

本文采用BIM技术与企业信息化相结合的方式,研究境外施工总承包项目风险管控平台的应用。首先从规避现场质量安全风险、提高单项目风险集成管理能力、形成企业集约化管理模式三个方面总结了BIM在境外施工总承包项目风险管理中的作用,然后以云南建投集团的平台应用实践作为案例,论述了基于本平台的风险管控模式、整体信息化管理框架以及核心功能,最后评价了平台在云南建投集团的应用效果。本研究可以为BIM与企业信息化结合的技术方法、基于BIM的企业级境外施工总承包项目风险管理模式等方面提供借鉴。     

A comparative study of the measurements of perceived risk among contractors in China

Due to the unique character of construction projects, perceived risk is widely used to quantify risks in the construction industry. This study investigates the two main types of measurement of perceived risk used in construction projects: direct measurement and expected utility-based measurement. Project managers from contract firms in China assess 15 independent risks using three different strategies: direct measurement, risk probability and potential impact. The last two are combined to create the expected utility-based measurement. The results show that the risk ranking order obtained from the direct measurement strategy is significantly different from that obtained from the expected utility-based measurement. Moreover, the former measurement is in general a better predictive indicator of relative managerial input than the latter. Based on these conclusions, some suggestions are presented for better risk management and cooperation in the construction industry.     

对“城市综合体”项目质量监督管理工作的探讨

近年来,各地不断开工建设的大量“城市综合体”项目,普遍具有项目关注程度高、工程规模大、业态复杂、施工难度大、各工种穿插作业、分包单位多、工期紧等特点,对工程质量的监督管理工作提出了更高的要求。通过对“城市综合体”项目特征的研究分析,结合青岛市质量监督管理要求,从实际出发,以落实工程建设强制性标准、保障工程质量有效受控、杜绝工程质量通病为切入点,针对“城市综合体”项目质量监管过程中的突出问题,总结经验、研究方法、查找不足,在一定范围内对“城市综合体”项目的质量监管进行了探讨。     

Foreign exchange and revenue risks: analysis of key contract clauses in China's BOT project

Despite the Asian financial crisis, there was still growing international interests by sponsors in China's infrastructure projects financed on build-operate-transfer (BOT) concession contracts. With the closure of the Guangdong International Trust and Investment Corporation (GITIC), foreign banks have become cautious towards new loan applications by Chinese companies and they were confused about government support and guarantees. Therefore it is important to analyse and manage the unique or critical risks associated with China's BOT projects. This is especially so after new policies were introduced in late 1996 when the first state-approved BOT project, the US$650 million 2 X 350 megawatt coal-fired Laibin B Power Plant (Laibin B), was awarded. The findings are reported from an international survey on risk management of BOT projects, with emphasis on power projects in China, with a discussion of the adequacy of the key contract clauses used in the Laibin B's concession agreement (CA) in addressing the foreign exchange and revenue risks, which include exchange rate and convertibility risk, financial closing risk, dispatch constraint risk and tariff adjustment risk. Areas for improvements to these contract clauses are suggested.     

基于BPR理论的BT项目发起方回购风险管控机制研究

在BT项目的回购阶段,项目的所有权发生了转移,作为项目发起方,有效控制回购阶段的风险以保证项目的顺利移交显得尤为重要。本文以机制为切入点,站在项目发起方的视角识别分析了在BT项目回购阶段可能出现的风险。引入BPR理论,对以往的风险管理工作流程、管理组织以及机制结构进行改造,构建适合BT项目回购阶段的风险管控机制。     

Modelling optimal risk allocation in PPP projects using artificial neural networks

This paper aims to establish, train, validate, and test artificial neural network (ANN) models for modelling risk allocation decision-making process in public-private partnership (PPP) projects, mainly drawing upon transaction cost economics. An industry-wide questionnaire survey was conducted to examine the risk allocation practice in PPP projects and collect the data for training the ANN models. The training and evaluation results, when compared with those of using traditional MLR modelling technique, show that the ANN models are satisfactory for modelling risk allocation decision-making process. The empirical evidence further verifies that it is appropriate to utilize transaction cost economics to interpret risk allocation decision-making process. It is recommended that, in addition to partners' risk management mechanism maturity level, decision-makers, both from public and private sectors, should also seriously consider influential factors including partner's risk management routines, partners' cooperation history, partners' risk management commitment, and risk management environmental uncertainty. All these factors influence the formation of optimal risk allocation strategies, either by their individual or interacting effects.