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为了获得工艺参数对铁基催化剂费托合成产品分布的影响规律,在浆态床反应器中考察了反应温度、反应压力、氢碳比、空速对铁基催化剂费托合成反应性能的影响。结果表明,温度升高时,催化剂活性、CO_2和CH_4选择性均升高,产物向轻组分分布;压力增大时,催化剂活性和CO_2选择性升高,CH_4选择性下降,产物向重组分分布;随氢碳比的增加,催化剂活性和CH_4选择性升高,CO_2选择性下降,C_(5+)呈下降趋势;随空速增加,催化剂的活性和CO_2选择性下降,CH_4选择性上升,C_(5+)向轻质烃分布。选择合适的工艺条件,可有效改善铁基催化剂的费托合成反应性能,控制碳链长度和产物的分布,提高费托合成反应的经济性。 相似文献
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在浆态床反应器中详细考察了合成气还原空速对微球状工业铁基催化剂还原和反应后的物相以及F-T合成反应性能的影响. 研究结果表明:空速能够影响铁基催化剂还原反应进程,催化剂在较高的空速下易被还原,还原后催化剂的比表面积降低,平均孔径增大. 在较低空速下还原时,还原形成的高的CO2分压对铁物相有一定的氧化作用,使得还原态催化剂中的Fe3+(spm)含量增大. 还原空速对F-T合成烃产物分布影响不明显,但对催化剂的反应活性和运行稳定性影响较大,较低和较高空速还原后的催化剂失活速率均较高,适宜的还原空速为1.0~2.0 L8226;(g cat)-18226;h-1. 相似文献
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以纯甲苯为原料,分别考察了温度、压力、空速和氢烃比等工艺条件对新型甲苯择形歧化催化剂性能的影响。结果表明:在新型甲苯择形歧化催化剂作用下,反应温度提高或反应压力增加,甲苯转化率增加,对二甲苯选择性下降;反应空速提高,甲苯转化率降低,对二甲苯选择性增加;氢烃比增加,甲苯转化率降低,对二甲苯选择性没有明显的变化。该催化剂稳定性良好,在反应温度445℃,压力2.0 MPa,氢烃分子比2.0和空速4.0 h~(-1)的条件下进行1 000 h催化剂稳定性试验,甲苯转化率可达30.2%,对二甲苯选择性可达94.3%。 相似文献
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费托合成技术是煤间接液化工艺过程中的关键技术,开发高活性、高产品选择性和高稳定性的催化剂是费托合成技术成功的最关键因素之一。论述了铁基费托合成催化剂的还原机理及还原动力学的研究进展,讨论了催化剂焙烧温度、还原H_2/CO比、还原压力和水分压对还原机理及还原动力学的影响规律。随催化剂焙烧温度升高,催化剂物相中超顺磁态的Fe~(3+)组分向顺磁态的α-Fe_2O_3组分转变,较高的焙烧温度导致催化剂晶格缺陷减少,晶粒尺寸增加,反应活化能和指前因子增加,催化剂的还原能力减弱。随还原气氛中CO分压的增加,催化剂的还原和碳化程度提高,催化剂表面形成更多的活性中心,催化剂活性升高。还原压力的升高促进了催化剂的还原和碳化,但过高的还原压力会抑制催化剂的还原和碳化。水分压对催化剂的还原路径没有明显影响,但水分压的增加对催化剂各还原步骤均有抑制作用,还原活化能增加。根据费托合成技术对铁基催化剂的性能要求,未来催化剂还原工艺的研究重点在于开发中温还原、合成气气氛下的低压催化剂还原工艺,以降低固定资产投资,缩短还原时间,提高催化剂的活性和稳定性,降低生产成本,提高企业竞争力。 相似文献
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The review examines the chiral amine literature from 2000–2009 (May) concerning enantioselective and diastereoselective methods for N‐acylenamide and enamine reduction, reductive amination, and imine reduction. The reaction steps for each strategy, from ketone to primary chiral amine, are clearly defined, with best methods and yields for starting material preparation and final deprotection noted. Categories of chiral amines have been defined in Section 1 to allow the reader to quickly understand whether their specific target amine falls within a difficult to synthesize, or not, structural class. Amino acids are not considered in this work. 相似文献
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1 INTRODUCTIONTemperature-Programmed Reduction(TPR)is widely used in the study of the reduc-tion properties of catalysts[1-4].It does not depend on any specific property exceptthe reducibility of the catalyst.Parameters of the TPR profile,such as peaktemperature,peak area and peak width,are capable of providing certain indications onthe original state of the reduced species,the interaction effects between active compo-nents and promoter or supporter,and other reduction properties of the catalyst. 相似文献
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Owing to the harmful influence of nitrogen oxides (NOx) on the environment the legislative demands a reduction of NOx emissions. This article is concerned with a screening of catalysts on the basis of sulfated zirconia for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with methane as reducing agent. To this end, sulfated zirconium oxides were doped with Ga, In, Fe, Ni, Ca and Ce as well as In + Ce oxides and catalytically tested. In addition, the influence of reaction parameters and catalytic poisons on SCR activity and stability of some selected catalysts was investigated and illustrated. 相似文献
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介绍氨催化剂快速还原的原理,特点及效果,提出应用快速还原法应注意的问题,与常规还原法相比,快速还原法大大缩短了还原时间,且还原后催化剂活性更好。 相似文献
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Masakazu Iwamoto 《Catalysis Today》1996,29(1-4):29-35
The progress of catalytic decomposition of NO (and N2O) and selective catalytic reduction of NO by hydrocarbons in the presence of excess oxygen in the past year (1994) have been summarized. There are many reports and suggestions for the active catalysts and the reaction mechanisms in both reaction systems. Several problems, however, remain to be solved at present; for example, enhancement of the catalytic activity, improvement of the life time, suppression of the formation of the harmful by-products and clarification of the reaction mechanisms. 相似文献