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煤制天然气是利用现代化煤炭深加工技术,将煤炭高效清洁转化为天然气,是煤炭清洁利用的重要途径。本文对40亿m~3/a煤制天然气项目市场特点、经济性、发展定位等方面进行分析,论证了煤制天然气项目的成本优势,与不同气源天然气竞争力进行对比分析,认为在煤炭富集地区采用碎煤加压气化技术生产煤制天然气,具有较好的市场前景和成本优势,发展煤制天然气项目具有重要的战略意义。 相似文献
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建立了一种用于市场不确定条件下现代煤化工项目技术经济分析的方法。以煤制烯烃投资项目内部收益率、投资回收期、财务净现值、税后利润和单位利润CO2排放量为主要目标,以聚烯烃价格、煤炭价格、建设投资及碳税税率为表征市场不确定性的4个变量,建立煤制烯烃技术经济分析模型。根据该模型,绘制了预测公式曲面图和等高线图,并在此基础上开展了敏感性分析和不确定性分析。敏感性分析表明聚烯烃价格变化与煤炭价格变化对各评价指标的影响最显著;利用Monte Carlo模拟的方法量化考察了市场不确定条件下煤制烯烃技术的经济性以及各风险因素对评价指标的影响,分析结果表明,在市场低迷情况下,当聚烯烃价格处于6000~8000元/吨、煤炭价格处于100~300元/吨的低位时,煤制烯烃仍可盈利。 相似文献
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《化工学报》2017,(11)
建立了一种用于市场不确定条件下现代煤化工项目技术经济分析的方法。以煤制烯烃投资项目内部收益率、投资回收期、财务净现值、税后利润和单位利润CO2排放量为主要目标,以聚烯烃价格、煤炭价格、建设投资及碳税税率为表征市场不确定性的4个变量,建立煤制烯烃技术经济分析模型。根据该模型,绘制了预测公式曲面图和等高线图,并在此基础上开展了敏感性分析和不确定性分析。敏感性分析表明聚烯烃价格变化与煤炭价格变化对各评价指标的影响最显著;利用Monte Carlo模拟的方法量化考察了市场不确定条件下煤制烯烃技术的经济性以及各风险因素对评价指标的影响,分析结果表明,在市场低迷情况下,当聚烯烃价格处于6000~8000元/吨、煤炭价格处于100~300元/吨的低位时,煤制烯烃仍可盈利。 相似文献
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为了合理利用煤炭,降低煤制乙二醇风险,提高乙二醇产量,介绍了间接法制乙二醇工艺流程。详细分析了国内煤制乙二醇工业化进展。统计分析了国内拟建及在建的煤制乙二醇项目。发现煤制乙二醇项目存在催化剂缺少长周期、大规模运行经验,产品质量不稳定,单套反应器生产能力小,产业链过短等技术及市场风险。最后以某煤制乙二醇项目为例,通过成本、收益等的计算,发现当原料煤与燃料煤的单价均为450元/t时,煤制乙二醇的成本为5403.62元/t,传统的石油制乙二醇成本为6300元/t,因此煤制乙二醇更具有推广前景。 相似文献
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煤制天然气产业在国家政策支持和工艺技术成熟的总体条件下迎来了良好的发展时机。虽然国际油价变化影响我国天然气进口格局和国内供需关系,增加了煤制天然气项目的不确定性,但煤制天然气总体竞争实力依然强劲。相比于其他与油价相关性更强的煤化工产品,煤制天然气项目受油价波动的直接影响更小。在煤制天然气出厂价等于增量气价的假设下,计算不同油价对应的竞争煤价,结果显示,煤制天然气项目具有一定的低油价承受能力。我国天然气(国产气、进口管道气和LNG、增量气)的价格构成与油价关系复杂,天然气的量价齐升仍是主要发展趋势。相比于进口气和其他非常规气,煤制天然气竞争优势显著。为进一步降低风险,提出了煤制天然气项目的发展策略。 相似文献
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天然气供应缺口给我国的煤制天然气产业带来了良好的发展机遇,选择合适的商务模式则是煤制天然气大力开发和高效运营的关键。煤制天然气产业一是要尽可能在保障上游煤炭、水资源及电力资源的供应量的基础上,降低采购成本,二是要参与下游天然气管网建设和管理,参与销售,提高对煤制天然气售价的掌控力,分散市场风险。通过分析研究,较优的商务模式是通过上下游相互参股形成利益共同体,进行产业链一体化投资,避免出现生产或销售环节受制于人的情况,带动全产业链的健康发展。提出在推荐商务模式的基础上,要突破产业壁垒和垄断,从项目投资向产业投资转型,把煤制天然气全产业链打造成一个有竞争力和吸引力的投资客体,推动煤制天然气产业高速、高质量发展。 相似文献
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采用LCA方法对煤制天然气方案及其替代方案(俄罗斯进口管道天然气以及澳大利亚进口液化天然气)进行了评价,揭示了煤制天然气全生命周期各环节的环境效应。3种方案中,煤制天然气的CO2等环境排放最高。煤制天然气对原材料价格的承受能力低下,随着褐煤价格的上涨,煤制天然气项目的经济性将受到较大的挑战。 相似文献
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《煤化工》2021,49(3)
针对"上游多元化、下游市场化"供气改革政策下,管输天然气定价机制发生改变情况,以依托当地煤炭资源及长途管输的40×10~8m~3/a内蒙古鄂尔多斯某煤制天然气项目为例,分析了煤制天然气的生产成本,测算了参照陕京四线及其他管输定价形式的京津冀供气管输价格,并与其他气源在管输价格及供气价格上进行了比较,指出管输煤制天然气在管输及供气上的价格定位。结果表明,该项目供气至北京,参照陕京四线测算的管输价格为0.207元/m~3~0.315元/m~3,加上生产成本价格1.65元/m~3,供气至北京门站价格为1.857元/m~3~1.965元/m~3,较其他气源北京市门站价格略有优势。 相似文献
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通过模型对以煤为原料生产烯烃的经济性进行分析,并测算了不同煤炭、石油价格下对应的烯烃生产成本,以及在相同烯烃生产成本下,煤炭价格和石油价格的对应关系,在考虑投资强度影响的情况下,石油价格在68美元/桶,对应煤炭价格在417元/t时为煤制烯烃项目和石油制烯烃项目的临界点。 相似文献
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乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。 相似文献
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D. G. Gordeev L. F. Gudarenko M. V. Zhernokletov V. G. Kudel’kin M. A. Mochalov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(2):177-189
A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation
of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from
the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO2) of density 0.08 g/cm3.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008. 相似文献
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Jorge Marcelo Romero Soledad Bustillo Hugo Enrique Ramirez Maisuls Nelly Lidia Jorge Manuel Eduardo Gómez Vara Eduardo Alberto Castro Alicia H. Jubert 《International journal of molecular sciences》2007,8(7):688-694
A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out. 相似文献
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The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003 相似文献
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A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%. 相似文献