新型煤化工硫近零排放技术探讨

近年来,我国为了能够对新型煤化工硫实现近零排放,在活性焦燃煤烟气净化和煤气脱硫技术地原理下,提出了一种新型煤化工硫近零排放的技术,希望能够达到将污染物去除的作用,让企业获得更好的经济效益,并达到节能环保的效果。     

活性焦烟气脱硫技术及其应用前景

活性焦烟气脱硫技术利用活性焦特有的吸附、催化和过滤功能，对含硫烟气进行干法净化处理，在同一个反应器内完成脱硫、脱硝、除尘三种功能。通过加热再生活性焦，获得高浓度的SO2混合气体，可用于生产硫酸、硫磺和液体SO2等多种硫元素的商品级产品，实现资源化利用。该技术具有适用范围广、脱硫效率高、运行成本低、环保效益好等特点。介绍...     

活性焦联合脱硫脱硝技术及应用前景

介绍了活性焦联合脱硫脱硝技术的机理、工艺和优点。指出了活性炭脱硫脱硝工艺具有可以实现同时脱除SO2,NO2和粉尘,脱除效率高,投资小等优点,通过加热再生活性焦,可获得高浓度的SO2气体,用于生产硫酸、液体二氧化硫或硫磺,有效回收硫资源。该技术具有流程简单、占地面积小、无二次污染、费用低、应用范围广等特点,比较适合我国国情。     

移动床活性焦烟气净化工艺中废活性焦的形成与特征分析

移动床活性焦低温干法烟气多污染物脱除技术在钢铁烧结烟气脱硫脱硝工艺中具有良好的适用性,但烟气净化过程中活性焦的损耗成为制约该技术推广应用的关键因素之一。以宝钢烧结烟气脱硫脱硝工艺中所产生的废活性焦为研究对象,通过考察其比表面积、孔容结构、灰分中重金属及碱金属含量、表面官能团特征及脱硫脱硝性能,探究烟气净化过程中活性焦组成、结构及表面性质的变化。结果表明,与新鲜活性焦相比,废活性焦粒度集中分布在0.2?5 mm,其表面的氮、氧、硫元素及过渡金属氧化物含量显著增加,比表面积由191.0 m2/g增加至499.0 m2/g,使废活性焦颗粒在150℃下脱硝率由20%提升到70%,120℃下穿透硫容由0.27 mg SO2/g提升至11.08 mg SO2/g,显示了良好的再利用潜力。     

HPF脱硫技术在焦炉煤气脱硫中的应用

为了充分脱出煤气中的硫,使净化后煤气能够满足城市煤气控制指标的要求。拜城县众泰煤焦化有限公司,采用HPF脱硫技术对焦炉煤气进行脱硫,使煤气含硫量由3 470 mg/m3下降至50 mg/m3以下,每年可生产含硫量大于90%的硫磺1 050.3 t,每年减少SO2排放量达2 100.6 t。获取了经济和生态的综合效益。     

碳材料对燃煤烟气硫脱除及资源化研究进展

中国发电煤耗每年近20亿t,虽然传统湿法脱硫工艺能够实现燃煤污染物SO_2的有效控制,但由于存在水耗高、副产劣质石膏量大难用等缺点,面临可持续发展困境。相比之下,基于多孔碳材料的SO_2脱除技术由于具备水耗少、无二次污染、污染物可资源化回收、吸附剂可再生利用等优点,是重要的发展方向。笔者综述了目前基于碳材料吸附、催化过程的燃煤烟气硫脱除及资源化研究进展,论述了碳材料资源化脱硫工艺的关键技术环节,最后提出了燃煤烟气硫脱除及资源化的未来科学和技术方向。碳材料内SO_2吸附-催化反应机制及产物迁移路径,重点讨论了碳材料孔结构、官能团、金属氧化物负载对SO_2吸附转化及副产物迁移的影响。研究表明,碳材料分级孔结构内存在SO_2吸附转化以及产物硫酸的迁移过程;在碳材料中掺杂以氮和氧为代表的非碳元素能改变碳平面的电子结构,调控SO_2在碳材料中的吸附和催化氧化过程。因此,碳材料孔隙与功能性官能团的协同定向构筑是强化碳材料吸附转化SO_2、提升脱硫性能的有效方式。脱硫饱和碳材料再生及硫资源化回收技术路径,重点讨论了碳热还原方法将SO_2资源化转化为硫磺的影响因素。热再生能耗高、活性焦质量损失严重;水洗再生效率低,活性焦循环脱硫能力差,高效再生需要活性焦不同尺度孔隙结构的有效配组,以强化物质输运扩散;在各种脱硫副产物中,硫磺物质量小、价值高、便利储运,是理想的资源化回收目标;碳基还原剂活性与选择性的调控是实现高效硫磺生成的关键。论述了高性能煤基活性焦的低成本宏量制备方法,重点讨论了强化脱硫过程的分级孔活性焦低成本制备方法。传统柱状活性焦制备工艺复杂、成本高且孔隙结构呈微孔分布,存在内扩散阻力大、内表面利用率低、SO_2脱除及再生脱附性能差等问题。破碎或颗粒状活性焦有望降低活性焦制备成本且实现活性焦孔隙的深度调控,但结构稳定性(强度)的提升是关键。通过催化活化、配煤、催化石墨化方法,可望实现兼具高活性和高结构稳定性的脱硫活性焦制备。     

活性焦脱硫技术在有色冶炼行业的应用及发展

介绍了活性焦烟气脱硫技术的原理及工艺流程。活性焦烟气脱硫技术可适应有色冶炼烟气成分复杂、气量波动大的情况,工艺流程简单,脱硫效率可超过95%,副产品及废弃物均能回收利用。详细介绍了上海克硫公司的3代活性焦脱硫装置的特点,同时对未来活性焦脱硫工艺发展提出了建议。     

新型煤化工硫近零排放技术分析

环境保护给煤化工的排放标准进行了严格的把控,因此,主要对燃煤烟气的净化以及脱硫技术进行了详细的讲解,并对工艺施工技术与流程做了重点的介绍。废气的排放与再回收能有效地解决硫近零排放,硫磺的制作为工艺的提升提供了很好的平台。对硫的产生与物质转变的过程进行了分析。通过具体的实验表明,煤化工采用新型排放技术后,可以对硫进行回收利用,达到了循环使用的目的,回收效率达到了85%以上,硫磺的生产也随之增加了50%。并且节约了大量的水资源,将对空气有害的气体分离了出来,促进了经济与环境的协调发展。     

氨法烟气脱硫改造运行效果总结

0前言氨法烟气脱硫技术是一种可实现循环经济的绿色脱硫工艺,尤其适用于燃用中高硫煤、有稳定氨源的电站锅炉。对因燃煤含硫量增大、原脱硫装置不能满足环保要求的脱硫装置可选用氨法进行脱硫装置改造。河南心连心化肥有限公司二分厂(以下简称心连心二分厂)4×75 t/h烟气脱硫装置于2008年投产,经过实际论证和改造,现以空塔喷淋对烟气中的SO2进行回收。该脱硫装置采用氨法烟气脱硫工艺,能够适应在负荷50%~110%运行,净化后烟气中氨体积分数≤10×10-6,硫酸铵回收率达到95%以上。     

电厂烟气脱硫工艺分析与选择

随着国家对环境保护力度的加强,对脱除电厂烟气中的SO_2的深入研究就显得更为迫切。本文介绍了几种典型的烟气脱硫工艺,包括石灰石-石膏法、海水脱硫法、旋转喷雾法、电子束脱硫法和活性焦烟气脱硫法,并对各种工艺的特点进行了分析对比,指出可资源化的活性焦烟气净化技术是燃煤电厂烟气脱硫较理想的处理工艺,在电厂烟气处理过程中有良好的应用前景。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。