单种强黏结性肥煤的配煤实验及黏结指数变化分析

将半焦、焦粉、主焦煤以不同的比例,配入新疆焦煤集团强黏结性肥煤中,进行黏结性实验,实验结果表明,焦煤和经低温干馏处理过的半焦在配入比例5%以内时,配合煤的黏结指数并未遵循低于最高黏结指数的一般规律;不同温度干馏的半焦其配合煤的黏结指数不同。通过实验验证,强黏结性的肥煤对无黏结性的半焦会产生非常强的黏结性,这对于动力煤的半焦的配煤炼焦具有一定的实践意义。     

配煤及黏结剂配方对型煤强度的影响

以不同煤种和黏结剂作为原料制备型煤,通过测试型煤冷压强度和热强度,研究不同原料煤质量比及复合黏结剂添加量对型煤强度的影响规律。结果表明:晋城煤与东曲煤的质量比为65∶35时,型煤冷压强度及热强度均可达500 N/球;晋城煤与兴县煤的质量比为77∶23时,型煤冷压强度及热强度分别达到503 N/球和355 N/球。型煤黏结剂在煤粒表面的润湿性越好,越有利于煤粒黏结;在型煤中添加腐植酸钠及通过配煤可以提高型煤的热稳定性。     

不黏煤小焦炉炼焦试验研究

为研究预处理不黏煤对配煤炼焦特性的影响,利用小焦炉进行配煤炼焦试验,研究了预处理不黏煤与未处理不黏煤配煤对配煤变质程度、黏结性能、小焦炉炼焦焦炭冷热强度及光学组织的影响。结果表明,预处理后不黏煤的镜质组最大反射率由0.46%上升到1.20%,其根本原因是处理后含氧官能团含量降低;预处理后不黏煤仍没有黏结性,但配煤黏结性的下降幅度减小。小焦炉炼焦试验表明,添加不黏煤的焦炭冷热强度降低,在相同配比下添加预处理煤的焦炭强度降低幅度更小,在配比3%时,预处理不黏煤的焦炭转鼓强度上升了0.5%,反应后强度降低1%;而未处理不黏煤的转鼓强度和反应后强度分别降低了1%和4%,其主要原因是焦炭光学组织中中粒镶嵌结构增加,焦炭各项异性指数提高7.7%~15.8%。     

黏结剂掺合比和配煤比对煤泥成型的影响

以石槽村煤泥为主要原料进行冷压成型制备型煤,采用单因素实验和正交实验等方法,重点研究黏结剂掺比和配煤比对型煤质量的影响.结果表明,添加少量的A或D黏结剂即可使型煤具有良好的冷压强度.配煤比和D黏结剂掺比是型煤质量指标的主要影响因素,D可与煤粒固化形成高强度的型煤“骨架”,但会增加型煤灰分,降低其发热量;配入原煤可提高煤泥型煤发热量,降低灰分,但会降低型煤强度.煤泥单独进行成型时,较优的黏结剂配方为:A掺比5％或D掺比4％;配煤成型时,以配煤比为8(煤泥)∶2(原煤)、D掺比7％为宜.     

神木煤制中低温热解用型煤工艺参数优化研究

为制备中低温热解用型煤,以我国典型低阶烟煤神木煤为原煤,以煤焦油重质组分及沥青为黏结剂,研究成型压力、水分、黏结剂种类及添加量对型煤冷热强度的影响,考察复合黏结剂配比对型煤冷热强度的影响规律。结果表明:型煤的强度随着压力和水分的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势;黏结剂种类对型煤强度的影响作用不同,煤焦油和煤沥青添加量的增加分别增强了冷强度和热强度;在成型水分13%、成型压力141 MPa、煤焦油重质组分质量分数9%和煤沥青质量分数为16%的优化工艺条件下,型煤的冷、热强度均较优,可以满足中低温热解直立炭化炉对原料的要求。     

神木煤与黏结煤配伍制气化焦的黏结特性

以神木煤与黏结煤为实验对象,探究神木煤与黏结煤配伍的配比对炼焦黏结特性的影响规律以及达到完全融合状态的配煤条件.在此基础上,研究了神木煤与气煤、肥煤和焦煤配煤时,其黏结性能与wO∶wH的关系.结果表明:随神木煤配比增加,配煤黏结性变差,配煤GRI值快速下降且其实验值远低于单种煤加和计算值;在一定的神木煤配入比例内,Y值与加和计算值基本吻合;配煤wO∶wH的影响与神木煤比例的影响一致;神木煤与气煤、肥煤和焦煤配伍时,当配煤达到完全融合状态时,神木煤的最大配比分别为30%(质量分数,下同),50%和40%,配煤Y值≥10,且神木煤与气煤、肥煤、焦煤配煤的焦渣特征指数分别大于4,5,4.     

不黏煤的煤质分析与配煤实验

对陕西的一种不黏煤进行了分析,开展了捣固配煤实验。结果显示,该煤低灰、低硫、变质程度低、无黏结性,直接替代原来的弱黏煤会降低焦炭强度。通过调整配煤结构,增加配合煤胶质体数量,在捣固炼焦中配用比例达到8%,可以保证焦炭质量稳定,不仅降低了成本,还拓展了煤源。     

炼焦强黏煤对焦炭热强度影响研究

为研究炼焦强黏煤对焦炭热性质的影响,利用试验焦炉(SCO)对梅山常用11种单种强黏煤进行了炼焦实验及焦炭反应性实验.结果表明,炼焦强黏结煤的黏结性、变质程度和碱度指数是对焦炭热强度的关键影响因素,使用黏结性适中、变质程度适中或碱度指数较低的强黏煤都可以得到热性质较好的焦炭,控制焦炭热强度的关键在于单种煤质量.     

煤热解半焦结构及其对制备型煤成型特性的影响

以不同热解条件下制取的陕西烟煤(YL)半焦为原料,使用预糊化淀粉为黏结剂冷压成型制取成型燃料,分析不同热解条件下获得的煤焦成型后的物理特性,研究热解条件对半焦挥发分和表面含氧官能团的影响规律,揭示热解半焦特性对其成型的影响机理。结果表明:热解停留时间和热解终温对半焦成型特性具有显著影响。热解停留时间增加和热解终温升高会降低半焦挥发分含量和表面含氧官能团,影响黏结剂颗粒和半焦颗粒之间的黏结作用,从而会降低半焦成型后的冷压强度和跌落强度。结果表明:挥发分质量分数在16%以上的半焦成型后冷压强度大于450 N,适宜成型;热解终温小于600℃且热解停留时间小于5 min的半焦表面含氧官能团含量较高,成型后冷压强度大于450 N,可用于成型。半焦的成型特性受其挥发分含量和表面含氧官能团的综合影响。     

煤直接液化残渣的成焦行为及在配煤炼焦中的应用

红柳林煤(HLL)经温和加氢液化(430℃)和炭化(410℃)得到的液化残渣(DCLR)与其他5种原料煤在实验室条件下配煤炼焦制备坩埚焦,有利于缓解优质炼焦煤短缺的现状,降低配煤炼焦的成本,有利于实现煤炭资源的综合利用。研究了原煤黏结指数,利用不同配比的煤样进行实验室坩埚焦的制备,分析了其焦炭成焦率、冷态强度和热态强度等性质,并提出配煤体系中加入DCLR的作用机理。结果表明:加入5%和10%的DCLR可分别替代12%和18%的优质炼焦煤,且得到的焦炭品质不变。DCLR加入量从5%增至10%时,焦炭的抗碎强度提升了1.20%,耐磨强度降低了1.04%,焦炭的热反应性提升了3%,反应后强度增加了2%;此外,DCLR的添加量不宜过高(15%),这是因为DCLR的高活性和高含量的惰性组分使配合煤的黏结性下降。DCLR最佳的制备条件为:液化温度430℃、炭化温度410℃、1%碱式氧化铁催化剂,此时制备的DCLR的黏结性指数为68,黏结性较强,适合作为配煤炼焦的添加剂和黏结剂。DCLR和气煤(QM)相互作用可部分替代肥煤(FM),使中间相的流动度增加、配煤的熔融温度区间拓宽,体系中大量气体冲刷胶质层,使胶质体充分渗透到煤颗粒的孔道中,得到高强度的焦炭。焦化初期,DCLR和QM的相互作用对于焦化关键过程有一定的影响,焦炭的各向异性程度增加。     

我国非炼焦煤在炼焦中的应用

介绍了我国无烟煤、贫煤、不黏煤和长焰煤等非炼焦煤的性质及在炼焦生产中的应用情况。利用非炼焦煤代替部分焦煤炼焦,成本优势十分明显,既可缓解焦煤资源不足的压力,还能优化我国煤炭资源的利用。     

Dependence of coal liquefaction behaviour on coal characteristics. 8. Aspects of the phenomenology of the liquefaction of some coal

Steps are now being taken to define in more detail the phenomenology of coal liquefaction and to provide a scientific basis for empirical correlations previously established between liquefaction conversion and basic compositional characteristics of coals. The rates of production of oils, asphaltenes and preaphaltenes have been determined at four temperatures for three coals, two of Carboniferous and one of Creaceousage. Products are formed more slowly from the younger coal (which is of slightly lower rank) than from the others, but oxygen, partly as OH but probably mostly in a type of ether, is lost more rapidly. It is estimated that the maximum content of O as cleavable ether is 7.7 atoms/100 C atoms for the younger coal (from Wyoming) and 4.1 and 5.1 for the other two (from Oklahoma and Ohio, respectively). Until ≈ 50% of the amount present in the Oklahoma coal is lost, the rates of removal of oxygen and organic sulphur are approximately equal; beyond this level, the removal of S is more rapid. The loss of organic sulphur from the Ohio coal is slightly faster. Even so, the data do not support the idea that cleavage of thioethers is more rapid than that of ethers and that this is the basic reason why a high organic sulphur content tends to promote liquefaction. Conversion of the pyrite in the Ohio coal to pyrrhotite occurs considerably more rapidly than the pyrite in the Oklahoma coal. In preliminary experiments, it is shown that a curve-resolving programme allows two aromatic and five aliphatic C-H stretching vibrations to be distinguished in FTIR spectra of the hexane-insoluble products, and the distribution changes with degree of conversion. In particular, there is evidence that new aryl methyl are generated during liquefaction, in agreement with evidence from oxidation studies.     

煤化工技术研究概况

煤炭作为我国能源主体的格局将在很长一段时间内不会改变。随着我国出现越来越严重能源安全问题,煤化工已成为社会关注的热点,并因此得到快速发展。文章综述了煤化工技术研究进展,展望了现代煤化工新技术发展方向。     

国内煤化工的现状及发展

介绍了国内煤化工行业的现状,详细介绍了煤制油、煤制烯烃、煤制天然气、煤制乙二醇、煤制芳烃项日的技术、经济情况,指出通过开发下游产品,合理利用CO2来改善产品单一、节能减排压力大问题。     

神华动力用煤燃烧特性研究

整理了10年来神华矿区各矿点的煤质常规及非常规试验数据,并根据动力煤特性判别方法,对神华煤进行评价.同时,将前述基础特性与国内主要烟煤进行比较,以便更为确切的了解神华煤特点,为燃用神华煤的电厂及电力设计院等提供参考.     

开滦煤化工产业发展思路探讨

结合开滦集团煤化工产业发展现状,分析了开滦可用于煤炭气化的资源情况,通过建设方案比选探讨,提出以现有煤-焦-化产业为支撑,以小气化带动大气化,建设大型煤气化制烯烃项目,促进新型煤化工产业链尽快形成,实现开滦煤化工产业的持续快速发展。     

500万t／a煤炭洗选技术工艺探析

洁净煤技术是解决环境污染的重要途径,洗选煤技术是洁净煤技术的源头技术。煤炭的洗选方法很多,介绍了几种洗选加工工艺流程,选出合适的工艺流程处理煤,有助于保护环境．     

Origin of the Mn2+ e.p.r. spectrum in Pittsburgh No. 8 bituminous coal

The e.p.r. and i.r. spectra of hand-picked samples of calcite from Pittsburgh No. 8 coal, show that it contains the Mn²⁺ paramagnetic ion and clay minerals as impurities. Furthermore, comparison of the e.p.r. spectra of hand-picked and natural calcite shows that the Mn²⁺ spectrum in this coal originates from calcite, which when diluted in KBr or coal produces a spectrum similar to that reported by other investigators. The results obtained when coal-derived calcite was treated with dilute H₂SO₄ and HCI rules out the possibility that the Mn²⁺ originates from the pyrite or clays present in the coal.     

Some physical properties of Canadian coals and their effects on coal reactivity

The pore volume, surface area and compressibility of eleven Canadian coals, varying in rank from lignite to semianthracite, have been determined by mercury porosimetry, gas adsorption method and relations derived from helium and mercury densities. The total pore volume was measured in the diameter range of 0.2 nm–2.98 μm, which was subdivided into two groups, namely the micropore region (< 0.0036 μm) and the combined meso- and macropore region (0.0036–2.98 μm). It has been determined that the porosity of the eleven coals studied varies from 2 to 39%. It has been found that the total pore volume, micropore volume, surface area and the apparent compressibility of these coals decrease with increase in the carbon content, or the rank of the coals. The effect of the total pore volume, micropore volume and surface area on chemical reactivity of the coal is discussed separately. A good correlation was obtained between the carbon content and helium density of the coal after correction is made for the mineral content.