RDX和铝含量对RDX基含铝炸药热爆发温度的影响

通过热爆发延滞期试验测定了含铝炸药的5s延滞期热爆发温度Tb,研究了RDX和铝粉含量对热爆发温度的影响.结果表明,随着RDX含量的增加,Tb先下降后升高,获得了描述Tb与RDX和铝粉含量关系的线性经验方程.认为在热爆发试验中体系是从含能材料热分解和加热介质两个途径获得能量(热量),前者与含能反应物的含量有关,后者与体系...     

Al粉对炸药爆炸加速能力的影响

采用电探针法测量了RDX基含铝炸药爆炸驱动金属薄片的速度变化,分析了铝粉含量对炸药爆炸加速能力的影响。结果表明,炸药爆炸对金属薄片的加速能力受配方中铝粉的反应比例影响;金属薄片的加速过程分速度增长和速度减小两个阶段;金属薄片达到最大速度的距离与铝粉的含量有关,随着铝粉含量的增加,达到最大速度的距离有所增加,该距离在40~60mm。铝粉含量对炸药爆炸加速能力的贡献有一最佳值,对于RDX基含铝炸药,其值约为15%。     

铝含量对RDX基含铝炸药爆压和爆速的影响

利用锰铜压力传感器和测时仪测量了不同铝含量的RDX基含铝炸药的爆压和爆速。拟合出爆压、爆速与铝含量的关系式,分析了铝含量对RDX基含铝炸药爆压、爆速的影响因素。结果表明,随着铝含量的增加,RDX基含铝炸药的爆压和爆速呈线性减小。计算了铝粉的质量分数在0~40%时所对应的PC-J=A(x)0ρD2中的A(x)值,拟合出A(x)值与铝含量的关系式,得到RDX基含铝炸药爆压与爆速之间的关系式。     

含RDX高能硝胺发射药的热分解动力学补偿效应

为了解高能硝胺发射药的热分解特性和动力学补偿效应,用高压DSC测试了含5组16种发射药的热分解行为,通过Kissinger方程获得了双基药和含RDX高能硝胺发射药的热活化能(Ea)和指前因子(A),讨论了其动力学参数的补偿效应。结果表明,含RDX高能硝胺发射药配方中的NC/NG和RDX的热分解反应动力学参数间存在动力学补偿效应,说明NC/NG和RDX的热分解反应分别有各自不同的反应过程或者由各自不同的速度决定步骤,不受配方中其他组分的影响。     

密度分级法分离废旧梯黑铝炸药中的RDX与铝粉

为了研究分离回收废旧梯黑铝炸药中各成分的高效低成本的物理方法,采用控温离心和控温水洗结晶,回收梯黑铝炸药中的TNT组分;再根据RDX与铝粉的密度差异,使用密度分级法,分离RDX与铝粉,优化了分离条件,对回收物质进行DSC和XRD表征,并测试其撞击感度。结果表明,在密度为2.0g/cm3的溴化锌溶液中,控温30℃、离心转速2500r/min等条件下,回收RDX和铝粉回收率分别为67.6%和86.5%,纯度分别为77.2%和94.6%;回收的RDX热安定性良好,存在少量铝粉和TNT与RDX的共熔物,且基本没有独立存在的TNT组分,其撞击感度为90%;回收铝粉中含有微量氧化铝粉和炸药成分;两种回收物组分中均不含溴化锌。该物理方法可有效实现废旧梯黑铝炸药各组分的高效绿色回收。     

纳米铝粉对硝胺炸药热分解催化性能的影响

采用直流电弧等离子体蒸发法制备了高纯度的纳米铝粉,并用比表面积分析仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品进行了表征.将纳米铝粉与硝胺炸药HMX和RDX用研磨混合法制成混合粒子,用DSC对单质HMX和RDX炸药以及纳米铝粉/硝胺炸药混合物进行催化特性测试,并对样品的热分解动力学和热力学参数进行了计算和对比.结果表明,加入纳米铝粉后,HMX和RDX在不同升温速率(2、5、10、20 K/min)下的放热峰峰温降低,活化能分别降低15和16 kJ/mol,热力学参数都有明显变化.纳米铝粉对HMX和RDX有明显的热分解催化作用.     

溶剂萃取法回收废旧梯黑铝炸药中的RDX和铝粉

利用混合炸药中TNT和RDX在溶剂中溶解度的差异,首先用甲苯萃取出梯黑铝炸药中的TNT,然后分别以丙酮和二甲基亚砜为溶剂,经萃取、冷却结晶,过滤得到RDX。用SEM和DSC对回收RDX进行形貌表征和热分析,用XRD对回收铝粉进行物相分析。结果表明,丙酮和二甲基亚砜中重结晶回收RDX的纯度分别为98.4%和97.8%,撞击感度分别为76%和84%,丙酮重结晶回收RDX晶体质量优于二甲基亚砜重结晶回收的RDX。回收RDX与原料RDX的特征温度基本相同,热安定性良好;回收的铝粉不含炸药,无明显氧化。     

RDX基铝薄膜炸药与铝粉炸药水下爆炸性能比较

为了减少铝粉炸药在生产过程中因铝粉对环境污染,降低铝粉炸药的撞击感度,提高含铝炸药的成型性及力学性能,将RDX用铝薄膜分层包裹得到新型的铝薄膜混合炸药。将铝薄膜混合炸药与铝粉炸药进行水下爆炸实验与爆速实验,得到两种炸药的爆速与压力时程曲线,经过分析计算得到两种炸药的压力峰值、冲量、冲击波能、气泡脉动周期与气泡能。结果表明：铝薄膜炸药药柱的轴向为RDX与铝薄膜独立贯通的结构,有利于降低混合炸药中添加物对基体炸药爆轰波传播的影响,从而使铝薄膜混合炸药的爆速高于铝粉炸药,导致铝薄膜炸药的冲击波损失系数高于铝粉炸药,使铝薄膜混合炸药的总能量、比气泡能与铝粉炸药相当情况下,其比冲击波能却降低了10.16%～10.33%,计算过程说明铝薄膜混合炸药的C-J压力计算公式具有合理性。     

RDX基铝纤维炸药水下爆炸的能量分析

将RDX基铝纤维炸药和RDX基含铝炸药进行水下爆炸实验,得到两种炸药在不同位置的压力-时程曲线,经过计算得到两种炸药水下爆炸的能量,并以含铝炸药的能量为铝纤维炸药的参考能量,分析两者的差异及造成差异的原因。结果表明,与含铝炸药相比,铝纤维炸药的压力峰值与冲量降低,铝纤维炸药的比冲击波能降低11%～22%,比气泡能降低11%～15%,比爆炸能降低11%～18%。铝纤维炸药的比爆炸能占爆热的73%～82%,低于含铝粉炸药比爆炸能与爆热的比值(89%～94%)。铝纤维炸药能量未达到其参考能量的主要原因是铝纤维直径较大导致反应不充分以及熔喷法制成的铝纤维中Al2O3含量较高。     

RDX和HMX的热分解II.动力学参数和动力学补偿效应

用DSC、DTA和TG-DTG技术测定了RDX和HMX热分解的动力学参数。RDX和HMX在不同的分解阶段有不同的动力学参数和机理函数,其分解过程和动力学参数受试验条件、样品状态和试验方法的影响很大,但这些参数之间存在"动力学补偿效应"和"等动力学点"。     

Effect of Aluminum Fiber Content on the Underwater Explosion Performance of RDX‐based Explosives

In order to analyze the effect of aluminum fiber contents on the underwater explosion performance of RDX‐based explosives, the pressure‐time curves of composite explosives with different aluminum fiber contents are measured by underwater explosion experiments. Peak pressure, impulse, shock energy, and bubble energy were obtained by analyzing the curves. The results show that the peak pressures of composite explosives decrease with increasing aluminum fiber contents. The shock impulse of the 30 % aluminum fiber composite explosive is the highest in all composite explosives. The effects of the 20 % and 40 % composite explosives are nearly equal to that of the 30 % explosive, and the different values of shock impulse among them do not exceed 5 %. The specific shock energy of the 20 % aluminum fiber composite explosive is the highest in all composite explosives. The bubble energy and explosion energy of composite explosives increase with increasing aluminum fiber contents.     

Underwater detonation performance of the aluminum film explosive

A new aluminized explosive is proposed, and the approach is to replace the aluminum powder in the traditional aluminized explosive with an aluminum film. The purpose is not only to improve mechanical properties and lower the impact sensitivity of traditional aluminized explosives, but also to reduce environmental pollution in the aluminum particle production process. The pressure-time curves of the aluminum film explosive and RDX are measured in underwater explosion experiments. The peak pressure, impulse, shock wave energy, and bubble energy are obtained by analyzing the curves. The results of the study indicate that the peak pressure of the aluminum film explosive is lower than that of RDX. However, the aluminum film explosive maintains a high pressure for a longer period of time. The large amount of energy is found to liberate by subsequent reactions of the Al film with the primary detonation products. The increase in the explosion energy of the aluminum film explosive is based mainly on the increase in the bubble energy.     

硼金属化RDX基炸药的热行为

采用热重(TG-DTG)及高压差示扫描量热(PDSC)技术,考察了含硼金属化RDX基炸药的热行为。研究了不同金属组分对金属化炸药热分解性能的影响,计算获得热分解的动力学参数表观活化能及指前因子。结果表明,RDX分解及其分解产物能"活化"硼粉,使之在高温下更易被氧化或氮化,而RDX对Al粉或Mg粉氧化反应的影响相对较小;B、Al和Mg金属粉的加入导致RDX的热分解反应表观活化能和速率降低,DSC(PDSC)和DTG峰温滞后,DSC的量热值下降。     

Investigation of Blast Performance and Solid Residues for Layered Thermobaric Charges

The confined explosion of an annular layered charge composed of a phlegmatized RDX (RDXph) core and an external layer consisting of aluminum powder (Al) or a mixture of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and Al was studied. Experiments were carried out in fully and partially closed structures, i.e., in the explosion chamber of 150 dm³ in volume and in the 40 m³ volume bunker with four small holes and a doorway. Two types of aluminum powder were used in the mixtures. Signals of overpressure from two piezoelectric gauges located at the chamber wall were recorded and the influence of aluminum contents and particle size on a quasi‐static pressure (QSP) was studied. Moreover, the solid residues from the chamber were analyzed by using SEM, TG/DTA and XRD techniques to determine their structure and composition. Pressure and light histories recorded in the bunker enable us to determine the blast wave characteristics and time‐duration of light output. The effect of the charge mass and aluminum particle size on blast wave parameters were investigated. For comparison, the test for RDXph and TNT charges were also carried out.     

铝粉粒度对RDX热分解动力学的影响

采用DSC研究了10.7μm、2.6μm和40 nm铝粉对RDX热分解的影响.结果表明,微米铝粉对RDX的热分解基本没有影响;40 nm铝对RDX的一次分解和二次分解均有明显的促进作用;随着40 nm铝含量的增加,RDX的二次分解峰凸显出来并提前,峰形变得尖锐;当40 nm铝质量分数为30％时,二次分解峰掩盖一次分解峰...     

Investigation of Fireball Temperatures in Confined Thermobaric Explosions

New composite metalized explosives were studied. The explosives consisted of two different types of macroscopic granular multi‐component RDX‐based formulations. In a 0.15 m³ explosion chamber, fireball temperature histories for numerous cylindrical pressed and layered charges made from the composites were determined using optical spectroscopy. For comparison, charges consisting of simple mixtures instead of the composites as well TNT and RDX phlegmatized (RDXph) charges were also studied. The influence of the structure of the macroscopic granular composite, the charge type (pressed charge or layered charge with an RDXph core), oxygen availability (air or argon atmosphere) and aluminum particle size on the fireball temperature and the combustion of the aluminum powder were determined. The measured temperatures were compared with the theoretical ones calculated by assuming different activity of the aluminum fuel.