茶油皂脚脂肪酸甲酯中压加氢制备脂肪醇

以茶油皂脚脂肪酸甲酯为原料，采用催化加氢工艺制备高碳脂肪醇，利用气相色谱－质谱联用（GC-MS）研究了工艺条件对脂肪醇纯度的影响。结果表明，适宜的工艺条件为Cu-Zn复合催化剂加入量为茶油皂脚脂肪酸甲酯的40％（质量分数）、氢压12MPa、250℃反应3h，脂肪醇纯度为99．16％，产物主要为十六碳醇和十八碳醇。     

茶油下脚油制备生物柴油

以茶油下脚油为原料,经脱酸预处理后与甲醇反应制得生物柴油。探讨茶油下脚油脱酸预处理的最优碱浓度,通过单因素实验分析了制备生物柴油的最佳工艺条件。研究结果发现茶油下脚油预处理的最佳氢氧化钾的浓度为7.85%(wt,质量分数,下同);制备生物柴油的最优工艺条件为:醇油比6∶1,反应温度60℃,反应时间90min,甲醇钠用量为油质量的1.10%,搅拌速度为800r/min。通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GCMS)测试茶油下脚油制备的生物柴油中脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)均在碳二十以下,符合美国理想生物柴油标准。     

茶油基水性胺类环氧固化剂的结构与性能

以茶油皂脚脂肪酸甲酯为原料制备水性胺类环氧固化剂,通过热失重分析、力学性能测试等考察了封端剂种类、n(四乙烯五胺TEPA)∶n(单环氧甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸双酯SEMeTHP-DE)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO)的聚合度及n(环氧)∶n(胺氢)对涂膜性能的影响。结果表明,选择苄基缩水甘油醚为封端剂,物质的量比n(TEPA)∶n(SEMeTHP-DE)为1.2∶1,聚合度为4的AEO(AEO-4)为亲水扩链剂制备的水性胺类环氧固化剂与水性环氧乳液AB-EP-20按n(环氧):n(胺氢)之比1.2∶1进行固化时,涂膜性能最佳,此时漆膜柔韧性1mm、铅笔硬度2H、附着力1级、耐冲击性≥50 kg.cm、耐水性(25℃)≥3d、耐乙醇性(25℃)≥3d。     

涤纶面料中试降解工艺的研究

利用40L程序化控制乙二醇醇解聚酯(PET)及乙二醇回收中试装置降解PET,研究涤纶面料中试醇解工艺。分析醇解时间、醇解温度、催化剂用量及反应物的物料比对醇解产物对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(BHET)产率的影响。结果表明:BHET产率受温度、催化剂、物料配比、醇解时间等多种因素影响。涤纶面料中试降解较优工艺为:温度200℃,催化剂Zn(AC)2·2H_2O占PET质量的0.2%,乙二醇用量是涤纶面料质量的3倍,醇解时间12h;在该工艺条件下得到的醇解率为78.32%。     

丙三醇降解废弃聚酯工艺条件的研究

采用红外吸收光谱仪和高效液相色谱仪分析不同条件下丙三醇降解聚酯PET对得到中等分子量PET降解产物结构和纯度的影响,并用端基分析法测试表征不同条件下反应得到的PET产物的环氧值和平均分子量。通过分析和对比,得出PET降解产物的结构性能和中等分子量PET降解最佳工艺(温度在280℃附近,催化剂Zn(Ac)2.2H2O占PET质量的1%,物料配比丙三醇用量是废弃PET质量的3.5倍左右,醇解时间3.0h左右;醇解产物的环氧值(EV)可达0.336,平均分子量(M)降为297)。     

液相聚合相分离技术制备孔径可控的多孔碳的研究

采用液相聚合相分离技术制备了多孔碳,并用压汞仪、BET比表面仪及扫描电镜对多孔碳性能进行表征.研究了制备工艺(热聚合制度和醇的种类)对多孔碳性能的影响.结果表明:热解后的多孔碳为无定形的碳,随着热聚合温度的升高,多孔碳粒子减小,平均孔径也减小,孔隙率增加,当采用40℃(3h)→100℃(24h)热聚合制度时,多孔碳的平均孔径为1.75μm,孔隙率为51.86％;选用不同的醇得到平均孔径在20.00-0.01μm之间变化,BET比表面积为350-400m2·g^-1及孔径分布非常窄的多孔碳.     

不锈钢绿色高效超声波除蜡中性水基清洗剂的研制

为有效去除不锈钢表面抛光后残留的抛光蜡,以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-9)、烷基糖苷(APG)、脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物的磺酸盐(FMES)、柠檬酸三钠、尿素与自来水复配,成功研制出一种绿色高效超声波除蜡中性水基清洗剂。通过正交试验优化配方,探讨了其除蜡效果,并与市售品牌洗清洗1和除蜡水2进行比较。结果表明:自制清洗剂最佳组成(质量分数)为2.8%AEO-9,3.0%FMES,3.5%APG,2.0%尿素和1.5%柠檬酸三钠,其50℃下超声波清洗4 min后对不锈钢抛光蜡的去污力高达99.7%,远高于市售品牌清洗剂1和除蜡水2的去污力;自制清洗剂对不锈钢试片基本不腐蚀,综合除蜡性能优于上述市售品牌清洗剂和除蜡水,在金属工件清洗领域显示出广阔的应用前景。     

黄精多糖的提取工艺对比研究

目的以黄精为原料,对比不同提取工艺对黄精多糖提取率的影响,以确定黄精多糖的最佳提取工艺。方法对黄精多糖的水提醇沉法和复合酶解法等2种提取方法进行对比分析。结果得到了水提醇沉法最佳的实验条件,料液比(g/mL)为1∶25,pH值为6,温度为80℃,提取时间为2 h,乙醇的体积分数为70%,在该最佳条件下多糖的提取率为8.84%;得到了复合酶解法提取黄精多糖最佳复合酶组合条件,纤维素酶与木瓜蛋白酶的质量比为3∶7,pH值为5.0,酶解温度为50℃,料液比(g/mL)为1∶20,加酶量(质量分数)为5%,酶解2 h,在该条件下,黄精多糖的提取率可达22%。结论采用复合酶解法得到的多糖得率远高于采用水提醇沉法得到的多糖得率;实验提供了黄精多糖的最优提取工艺,为其开发利用提供了理论参考。     

高效液相色谱柱前衍生荧光检测法测定游离脂肪醇

本文利用新型荧光试剂1,2-苯并-3,4-二氢咔唑-9-乙酸(BCAA)作为柱前衍生试剂建立了测定游离脂肪醇的方法,实验以1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨基丙基)环己碳二亚胺(EDAC)作为缩合剂,4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)为催化剂,55℃下衍生反应25min后获得稳定的荧光产物。在Eclipse XDB-C8色谱柱上,通过梯度洗脱对12种游离脂肪醇进行了分离和在线质谱定性。采用大气压化学电离源(APCI)正离子模式,对抗静电剂(十二烷基磷酸酯钾盐)中游离脂肪醇进行定性及相应含量测定。脂肪醇的线性回归系数大于0.9997,检测限在9.40-25.32fmol。     

硝基苯电化学还原合成对氨基苯酚过程中被污染离子膜的清洗再生

对电还原硝基苯(NB)合成对氨基苯酚(PAP)过程中受到污染的Nafion425型阳离子交换膜进行了清洗再生研究.筛选出的较佳清洗剂成分是:脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺酸钠(AES)、十二烷基磺酸钠(ABS)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚琥珀酸单酯磺酸二钠(R-3)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(JFC)、烷基多糖苷(APG-10)、Tween-60及异丙醇,质量分数分别为:0.15,0.17,0.10,0.05,0.10,0.02及0.05,余量为水;其在线清洗适宜工艺条件为:清洗剂稀释倍数为300,清洗温度60℃,清洗液pH值10~11,清洗时间2~2.5 h.实验结果表明,清洗后的膜电阻降为4.8Ω/cm2左右,与新膜基本相同,膜强度基本不变,扫描电镜(SEM)观察显示其表面形貌与新膜也几乎相同,用于电合成PAP的槽电压降为3.03 V左右,与新膜相关数据十分接近.     

The Metabolism of Fatty Alcohols in Lipid Nanoparticles by Alcohol Dehydrogenase

ABSTRACT

Fatty alcohols are commonly used in lipid-based drug delivery systems including parenteral emulsions and solid lipid nanoparticles (NPs). The purpose of these studies was to determine whether horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLADH), a NAD-dependent enzyme, could metabolize the fatty alcohols within the NPs and thus serve as a mechanism to degrade these NPs in the body. Solid nanoparticles (<100 nm) were engineered from oil-in-water microemulsion precursors using emulsifying wax NF as the oil phase and polyoxyethylene 20-stearyl ether (Brij 78) as the surfactant. Emulsifying wax contains both cetyl and stearyl alcohols. NPs were incubated with the enzyme and NAD⁺ at 37°C for up to 48 h, and the concentrations of fatty alcohols were quantitatively determined over time by gas chromatography (GC). The concentrations of cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol within the NPs decreased to only 10–20% remaining after 15–24 h of incubation. In parallel, NP size, turbidity and the fluorescence intensity of NADH all increased over time. It was concluded that horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase/NAD⁺ was able to metabolize the fatty alcohols within the NPs, suggesting that NPs made of fatty alcohols may be metabolized in the body via endogenous alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme systems.     

气相色谱法同时测定食品中34种脂肪酸

本文建立了气相色谱法同时测定食品中34种脂肪酸的方法。食品中的脂肪酸经酸水解后,用石油醚-乙醚(1+1)提取脂肪,KOH/CH3OH皂化和甲酯化,生成脂肪酸甲酯,GC-FID检测。该方法回收率在91.28%～109.59%之间,相对标准偏差小于8.48%,34种脂肪酸的检出限在1.32mg/kg～3.36mg/kg之间,能满足实际检测工作的需要。本方法准确、灵敏,检测的脂肪酸种类多,具有实际推广价值。     

Poloxamer 407 as a Thermogelling and Adhesive Polymer for Rectal Administration of Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to gel a rectal solution of short-chain fatty acids to decrease the loss of active materials in the colonic lumen and thereby optimize their absorption. Methods: Five thermogels were prepared with poloxamer 407 at concentrations ranging from 17% to 20%. Their viscosities were measured at room temperature and 37°C, and their gelling temperatures were determined. The adhesive properties of each gel were assessed in vitro at 37°C. Short-chain fatty acid release was studied using Guyot cells. Results: From the threshold concentration of 17.5%, the solutions, Newtonian at room temperature (50–80 mPa · s), gelled at 37°C. The higher the concentration, the higher the viscosity (1750 to 49,000 mPa · s), the lower the gelling temperature (27.6°C to 23.4°C), and the stronger the work of adhesion (2.2 to 4.5 mJ). Short-chain fatty acid release from the 18% polymer gel was decreased by 60% compared to the rectal solution. Conclusion: The 18% poloxamer 407 concentration provided a solution that was liquid at room temperature, that gelled at 37°C, possessed adhesive properties, and controlled short-chain fatty acid release.     

Poloxamer 407 as a Thermogelling and Adhesive Polymer for Rectal Administration of Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to gel a rectal solution of short-chain fatty acids to decrease the loss of active materials in the colonic lumen and thereby optimize their absorption. Methods: Five thermogels were prepared with poloxamer 407 at concentrations ranging from 17% to 20%. Their viscosities were measured at room temperature and 37°C, and their gelling temperatures were determined. The adhesive properties of each gel were assessed in vitro at 37°C. Short-chain fatty acid release was studied using Guyot cells. Results: From the threshold concentration of 17.5%, the solutions, Newtonian at room temperature (50-80 mPa · s), gelled at 37°C. The higher the concentration, the higher the viscosity (1750 to 49,000 mPa · s), the lower the gelling temperature (27.6°C to 23.4°C), and the stronger the work of adhesion (2.2 to 4.5 mJ). Short-chain fatty acid release from the 18% polymer gel was decreased by 60% compared to the rectal solution. Conclusion: The 18% poloxamer 407 concentration provided a solution that was liquid at room temperature, that gelled at 37°C, possessed adhesive properties, and controlled short-chain fatty acid release.     

直链脂肪酸镧对PVC的热稳定作用

制备了几种常见的直链脂肪酸镧,采用刚果红法对PVC进行了热稳定测试,并通过红外光谱分析对直链链脂肪酸镧的热稳定机理进行了探讨。结果表明,长链脂肪酸镧对PVC的热稳定作用顺序为月桂酸镧>肉豆蔻酸镧>硬脂酸镧>棕榈酸镧>癸酸镧。随分子链长度的减小,对PVC的热稳定作用下降,同时还受到镧元素含量的影响。通过红外光谱分析,推测直链脂肪酸镧对PVC的热稳定机理为:脂肪酸镧在和PVC共同受热的过程中,镧与PVC链段中不稳定的氯容易发生配位反应,减弱了C-Cl键的极性和β-H的酸性;同时会吸收PVC分解的HCl。     

The Solubility of C60 Fullerene in Long Chain Fatty Acids Esters

A series of fatty acid esters of glycerol as linseed, sunflower, soybean and olive oils have been tested as C₆₀ fullerene solvents together with a mixture of methyl ester fatty acids derived from brassica oilseeds and used as a biofuel known as “biodiesel.” All the oils evaluated are effective solvents of C₆₀. The solubility of C₆₀ in the selected vegetable oils has been determined spectrophotometrically. The C₆₀ solubility in vegetable oils may pave the way for easier application of C₆₀ fullerene in medicinal chemistry and in additive chemistry for varnishes and fuels. It has been found that C₆₀ is not only soluble in the fatty acid esters but is also reactive with them under mild conditions, giving addition products easily recognized by a characteristic absorption band at 435 nm. The addition reaction mechanism has been discussed.     

红外光谱法测定柴油中脂肪酸甲酯的检出限及不确定度评定

柴油中脂肪酸甲酯含量的测定广泛采用红外光谱法,针对此方法的检测能力和准确性进行了研究.试验测定红外光谱法检测柴油中脂肪酸甲酯的检出限和定量限分别为0.0066 g/L和0.0220 g/L,加标回收率为99.2％～101.3％,结果表明试验方法具备良好的准确性,能够准确灵敏地检测柴油中脂肪酸甲酯.测定的合成相对标准不确...     

The metabolism of fatty alcohols in lipid nanoparticles by alcohol dehydrogenase

Fatty alcohols are commonly used in lipid-based drug delivery systems including parenteral emulsions and solid lipid nanoparticles (NPs). The purpose of these studies was to determine whether horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLADH), a NAD-dependent enzyme, could metabolize the fatty alcohols within the NPs and thus serve as a mechanism to degrade these NPs in the body. Solid nanoparticles (<100 nm) were engineered from oil-in-water microemulsion precursors using emulsifying wax NF as the oil phase and polyoxyethylene 20-stearyl ether (Brij 78) as the surfactant. Emulsifying wax contains both cetyl and stearyl alcohols. NPs were incubated with the enzyme and NAD+ at 37 degrees C for up to 48 h, and the concentrations of fatty alcohols were quantitatively determined over time by gas chromatography (GC). The concentrations of cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol within the NPs decreased to only 10-20% remaining after 15-24 h of incubation. In parallel, NP size, turbidity and the fluorescence intensity of NADH all increased over time. It was concluded that horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase/NAD+ was able to metabolize the fatty alcohols within the NPs, suggesting that NPs made of fatty alcohols may be metabolized in the body via endogenous alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme systems.     

无瓣海桑叶子和果实中脂肪酸成分的检测分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用分析法,分离测定红树植物无瓣海桑叶子和果实中脂肪酸成分和含量,并进行分析对比。结果:从无瓣海桑叶子、果实总脂肪酸提取物中分别鉴定出23种和15种化合物,各含有10种脂肪酸,其中4种脂肪酸为叶子和果实共含成分,其余种类和含量各有所差异,叶子中含量最多的成分为α-亚麻酸,而果实为8,11-十八烷二烯酸。     

GC/MS分析纸浆及沉积树脂中脂肪酸组成

本文用色谱-质谱联用分析了纸浆及其沉积物的树脂中的脂肪酸成分。结果表明:纸浆中脂肪酸成分主要是油酸、9,11-十八碳二烯酸和软脂酸。沉积树脂的脂肪配成分基本上与之相同。纸浆中甘油三酸酯的脂肪酸的主要成分是油酸和软脂酸。纸浆中的甘油三酸酯是导致制浆造纸过程中产生树脂障碍的主要有害成分之一。