蒸汽发生器传热管涡流检测的相位特性

针对核电的安全问题,采用Bobbin线圈传感器对蒸气发生器传热管的各种类型缺陷进行涡流检测,分析了缺陷与涡流阻抗信号、相位信号之间的关系,并对检测频率进行了优化,通过相位信号实现了对不同缺陷的检测。     

核电站蒸汽发生器传热管涡流信号的有限元仿真

为研究核电站蒸汽发生器传热管缺陷与涡流阻抗信号的关系,以通用有限元分析软件ANSYS为支持平台开发了涡流信号仿真程序,界面友好,使用方便,用户只要输入相应参数,即可获得计算结果。蒸汽发生器传热管标准人工缺陷的涡流信号的仿真结果与实测结果吻合良好。     

管道多缺陷对涡流检测影响的仿真

由于金属构件缺陷各异,损伤部位可能存在多个缺陷,为了实现涡流检测的可靠性评价,建立了合两个矩形槽缺陷的管道二维轴对称有限元模型,计算了信号的相位和幅值。仿真结果表明,多缺陷对涡流信号的影响不同于单一缺陷,且随激励频率不同,阻抗信号偏差不同;而在进行缺陷定量表征时,缺陷的几何状态(深度、宽度、内外壁状况)会对深度较小缺陷的定量表征有影响,引起损伤评价不当,可参考幅值细致分析此影响。     

核电站蒸汽发生器用690镍基合金传热管制造过程中的涡流检测

核电站蒸汽发生器用690镍基合金传热管在制造过程中至少需进行3次涡流检测,第一次是直管成品时,使用外穿式探头主要检测传热管外壁缺陷;第二次是弯管前,使用内穿式探头主要控制传热管信噪比;第三次是弯管后,使用内穿式探头主要检测传热管内壁缺陷。介绍了3次涡流检测的时机、目的、参数设置、信号分析和验收评定结果。另外通过试验研究了整体消应力热处理对涡流检测的影响,试验结果表明,整体消应力热处理对U形传热管的内涡流检测信号无影响且未产生热处理信号。     

基于差分涡流检测的铁轨裂纹特征识别方法

对于高速运行的铁路运输领域,铁轨缺陷的无损检测对保障铁路交通的安全运行至关重要。现有的无损检测技术已经基本可以实现裂纹缺陷的定位,但对于裂纹的特征,如长度、深度、延伸角度等,仍缺少有效的检测方法。应用差分涡流检测系统得到裂纹检测信号的幅值和相位变化信号,通过大量试验对不同长度、深度的缺陷样本进行了检测分析。试验得到了检测信号与裂纹特征之间的变化关系,进而研究了激励频率与分辨缺陷深度的关系,以及探头直径对缺陷长度分辨能力的影响。     

近表面裂纹的低频涡流检查

1　不同的裂纹对涡流线圈阻抗的影响涡流探伤主要检查工件表面和近表面裂纹 ,裂纹对线圈阻抗的影响可视为电导率和几何形状两个参数的综合效应 ,同时 ,裂纹的大小、方向、埋藏深度和裂纹本身宽度的差异 ,对阻抗影响也不同 (图 1 )。下面我们用同种型号的放置式低频反射探头和同种测试程序对表面开口裂纹及不同埋深裂纹进行测试 ,以弄清裂纹在平面阻抗中的显示情况。图 1　不同埋深的裂纹及其阻抗由图可以看出 ,裂纹的长度和宽度恒定时 ,表面裂纹信号最强 ,随着裂纹埋藏深度的不同 ,信号幅度逐渐减少 ,导体中的涡流和表面涡流的相位不同 ,表…     

传感器触头罩的涡流检测

通过对涡流检测传感器的设计和制作,对触头罩缺陷和涡流信号响应特征之间的关系进行了分析和研究,对比分析了裂纹等缺陷的阻抗图特征。验证了根据阻抗图幅度和相位分析判定缺陷的技术优点。实践表明,涡流检测速度快、灵敏度高且测试结果准确。     

CIVA仿真对核电站蒸汽发生器传热管涡流检验技术的应用评价

研究了CIVA仿真平台对核电站蒸汽发生器传热管涡流检验技术的应用评价。主要利用CIVA仿真平台，对蒸汽发生器传热管检验中所使用的标定管典型人工缺陷进行了涡流检测仿真，并对比了仿真模拟结果与实际检测结果，以验证该技术的可靠性与稳定性。     

不锈钢管件裂纹深度的涡流阻抗分析

在利用外穿过式线圈对不锈钢管件进行涡流检测时,发现深度分别为0.10,0.15和0.20 mm的三种裂纹无法利用检测信号的相位角进行识别。针对这一现象,利用阻抗分析方法进行了计算,得出在不同检测频率下,管件表面从0.10～1.90 mm不同深度裂纹的相位角,以及上述无法区分的三种缺陷的幅值。在此基础上,制作了带有人工缺陷的试样管件并对其进行涡流检测。检测结果表明,根据检测信号幅值的大小,可将深度差异为0.05 mm的人工缺陷区分开,且检测结果稳定可靠。     

阵列涡流检测不同深宽比裂纹的研究

设计有不同深宽比裂纹的2组对比样管,探究阵列涡流对于不同深宽比裂纹的敏感性。使用阵列涡流检测方法,对样管上的缺陷进行检测对比。结果表明：在对裂纹深宽比特征参数研究中发现,当宽度一定、深宽比大于1时,涡流幅值随深宽比增加逐渐变大,深宽比小于1时,涡流幅值与深宽比无明显对应关系;当深度一定、深宽比大于1时,涡流幅值大小随深宽比增加逐渐变大。在宽度相同、深度不同和的深度相同、宽度不同的深宽比研究中发现,深宽比相同时,阵列涡流检测到的模拟裂纹的涡流幅值均随检测频率的增加而逐渐变大。     

蒸汽发生器管道涡流检测Benchmark模型的数值计算

应用理想裂纹模型可以把三维的裂纹探伤涡流场问题简化为求解一个二维积分方程,从而大大减少计算量。利用该方法对蒸汽发生器管道涡流检测Ｂｅｎｃｈｍａｒｋ问题进行了数值模拟,计算值与实验值吻合良好,给出了扰动涡流场的分布图象,研究了线圈阻抗增量曲线与裂纹长度变化的关系。通过这些分析可以建立扰动涡流场的直观图象,帮助理解缺陷与涡流的作用机理,寻找合适的求解方法以及作为探头优化设计和缺陷识别的参考依据。     

A generalized likelihood ratio technique for automated analysis of bobbin coil eddy current data

This paper presents a generalized likelihood ratio technique for detection of defect locations from bobbin coil eddy current data. First a Neyman–Pearson (NP) decision rule for detection of known random signals (in presence of noise) is discussed. The result is then generalized to the problem of detection of unknown random signals that are commonly found in bobbin coil eddy current data. The performance of the proposed detection technique is tested on several real world data sets collected from the steam generator tubes of nuclear power plants. The experimental results indicate that the method is quite promising and useful for automated processing and classification of eddy current data.     

Design of an eddy-current array probe for crack sizing in steam generator tubes

This paper describes an arrayed multi-coil probe, newly developed for the testing and crack sizing of steam generator tubes by eddy current testing (ECT). The testing speed, the high sensitivity to shallow cracks and the crack sizing are the present requirements in ECT. Because of the multi-coil arrangement, the arrayed probe has a high detection speed around the whole tube, without the need for rotation. It is realized from former studies that knowing the number of cracks, their directions, and their positions beforehand is of great help in crack sizing. Thus, not only the sensitivities but also the spatial resolutions are important. Numerical simulations are applied to help the design of the probe from the viewpoint of the crack sizing of steam generator tubes. Experiments show that the present probe provides both a high detectability and a remarkable capability of reconstructing the shallow cracks of a tube.     

Quantitative non-destructive evaluation of wall thinning defect in double-layer pipe of nuclear power plants using pulsed ECT method

In this paper, an inversion algorithm for three-dimensional profile reconstruction of wall thinning defect in a double-layer region of a typical coolant pipe of nuclear power plants from pulsed eddy current testing (PECT) signals has been proposed and experimentally validated, based on a fast simulator of PECT signals and a deterministic optimization strategy. First, the fast simulator developed by authors for PECT signal prediction based on a Fourier-series scheme in addition with interpolation and database approaches is briefly described as a base for the inversion of PECT signals. Then, the formula of the conjugate graduate inversion algorithm for sizing three-dimensional wall thinning from PECT signals is deduced in detail based on that for crack like reconstruction using single frequency ECT signals. The three-dimensional local wall thinning is modeled as a group of planar defects with different length and depth which are reconstructed from two-dimensional scanning PECT signals through inverse analysis. Through conducting PECT experiment for double-layer coolant tube test-piece and reconstructing wall thinning profile from the measured signals, the efficiency and the robustness of the proposed inversion algorithm are demonstrated.     

国产800合金U形传热管综合性能分析

对国产核电蒸汽发生器用800合金传热管的综合性能进行系统分析。分析认为:国产蒸汽发生器用800合金传热管产品的各项性能指标均符合采购技术条件的要求;国产蒸汽发生器用800合金U形传热管具有较好的无损检测合格率,内涡流检测最小信噪比集中控制在10~50,管材平均信噪比控制在15~80,内涡流信噪比保持在较高水平;国产蒸汽发生器用800合金U形传热管可靠性应用试验性能与国外进口同类管材相当。     

凝汽器不锈钢管双频涡流检测缺陷信号分析

介绍了凝汽器不锈钢管常见缺陷与双频涡流检测阻抗信号间的关系。阐述了双频涡流检测技术的原理。通过试验分析,比较了各种缺陷信号间的差异,结合现场应用中缺陷信号的特征,得出阻抗信号参数与缺陷性质具有紧密关系的结论。试验分析结果不仅对同类型非铁磁性凝汽器管的涡流检测具有指导意义,也对进一步开展双频涡流检测的理论研究和实际应用具有很好的参考价值。     

A novel feature extraction for eddy current testing of steam generator tubes

For defect characterization in steam generator tubes, feature extraction to interpret eddy current testing (ECT) signals has been recognized as an important step. In this paper, we propose a new feature extraction from ECT signals for defect classification and defect sizing. Using the extracted features as an input vector, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural networks are used to classify defect types and to predict defect size. Although the proposed method requires relatively fewer features for the defect classification, it provides not only a high level of classification accuracy but also promising robustness to noise. Moreover, for the prediction of defect size, the proposed method yields a comparable prediction accuracy even though it needs fewer features than the previous result.     

基于ANSYS仿真分析的管材涡流检测频率优化研究

针对传统的涡流检测激励频率确定方法存在与实际情况不符和难以得到最佳检测频率的问题,基于大型通用有限元软件ANSYS建立了外径19 mm、壁厚2 mm的1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢管材涡流检测内插式探头和穿过式探头的仿真模型,根据差动探头的特性,通过计算距人工缺陷不同距离时检测线圈电流的实部IREAL、虚部IIMAG和线圈的阻抗差ΔZ,进而得到缺陷仿真信号,通过比较不同频率下缺陷信号的幅值和相位,确定穿过式探头的最佳检测频率为50 kHz。     

田湾核电站卧式蒸汽发生器传热管役前涡流检测技术

田湾核电站蒸汽发生器为卧式结构,弯头数量较立式蒸汽发生器多很多,因此其涡流检测方法与众不同。介绍了卧式蒸汽发生器的结构及探头的选用,剖析了检测中发现的主要问题及争论焦点,如缺陷的判断、外壁缺陷的判定、磁性区域信号的排除以及内外壁缺陷的区分等。讨论了由探头直径过小和标定原因引起的误差,确定了田湾核电站卧式蒸汽发生器传热管的缺陷管数量、缺陷的位置及性质,最后采用统计方法肯定了检测结论的可靠性。