基于KPI 理论的施工企业安全绩效评价研究

工程项目施工安全是社会关注的热点,安全绩效的测量是对其研究的基础。基于KPI 绩效考核理论对我国建筑施工企业安全绩效进行了深入研究,运用扎根理论、文献分析法、问卷调查法、量表分析法得到施工企业安全绩效评价的5个影响因素:营造舒适的安全施工氛围、提高工人的安全意识和技能、严格执行安全管理责任、落实安全施工技术措施和消除违章作业,建立了基于KPI 理论的施工企业安全绩效评价指标体系。以KPI 为核心的绩效管理方法,有助于提高我国建筑项目安全管理的水平,降低事故发生率和死亡人数。     

Improving building project performance: how buildability benchmarking can help

Although the buildability of building designs has not been commonly taken as an important parameter in design quality assessment, previous studies have linked buildability to time, cost, quality and safety performance in many ways. Based on this observation, the question arises of how buildability can be benchmarked and which aspects of project performance can be improved. After identifying available benchmarking tools, the relative correlations are investigated between different buildability attributes and construction performance in terms of time, cost, quality and safety. Based on a questionnaire survey, it was found that construction time performance has strong positive correlations with buildability in the design of external wall elements, simplicity of assembly and installation considerations, while other design attributes affect cost, quality and safety performance to varying degrees. With this understanding, it is postulated that best practice can be promoted among design teams for enhancing buildability, which would in turn raise project performance. Three experienced practitioners have been interviewed for verifying the practicality of buildability benchmarking. As an incentive to improve buildability, benchmarking would help construction stakeholders reap their desired benefits by focusing on the related design attributes in the pre‐construction stage, particularly for functionally oriented buildings.     

Beyond the ‘iron triangle’: Stakeholder perception of key performance indicators (KPIs) for large-scale public sector development projects

Performance measurement criteria vary from project to project. Despite much work on the subject, there is no commonly agreed framework of performance measurement on mega projects. To bridge this gap, this research targets to investigate the perception of the key performance indicators (KPIs) in the context of a large construction project in Thailand. The study explores the significance of key performance indicators in perspective of various construction stakeholders (client, consultants, and contractors). Findings indicate that the traditional measures of the iron triangle (on-time, under-budget and according to specifications) are no more applicable to measuring performance on large public sector development projects. Other performance indicators such as safety, efficient use of resources, effectiveness, satisfaction of stakeholders, and reduced conflicts and disputes are increasingly becoming important. This implies that the Thai construction industry is slowly departing from the traditional quantitative performance measurement to a rather mix of both quantitative and qualitative performance measurement on large-scale public sector development projects.     

市政道路工程施工现场安全管理评价研究

在建筑项目施工的过程中,施工现场会受到外部不确定性因素的影响,项目施工人员的生命安全难以得到有效的保障.本文站在项目管理者的角度,综合考虑各种因素,了解施工现场安全管理的实际情况,从整体上提高安全管理的能力以及水平,为施工人员提供更加安全的工作环境,有效地推动我国建筑行业的快速发展.     

Design error management: interaction of people,organisation and the project environment in construction

Design errors can have a negative impact on the cost, schedule and safety performance of construction projects. They can also have an adverse effect on an organisation's profitability, as additional work requires resources and time to rectify the error that has occurred. The reduction (i.e. measures designed to limit the occurrence of failures) and containment (i.e. measures designed to increase the detection and accelerate the recovery of errors) of design errors can therefore ameliorate organisational and project performance as well as improve safety. A systemic framework that classifies design error reduction and containment strategies according to people, organisation and project is propagated. It is suggested that when people, organisational and project strategies are implemented, incongruence then the propensity for design error reduction will significantly increase. The proposed framework can be used as a point for reference for implementing error management strategies to anticipate for ‘what might go wrong’ in construction projects.     

Human error in the management of building projects

This paper seeks to improve the understanding of human error as it is applied to the generation of defects in construction projects. It reviews the literature concerning human error, commencing at the psychological basis of errors. From this, the review is expanded to include literature from forensic engineering, industrial safety, reliability engineering, sociology and quality management. Based on the literature, a model of the factors influencing the incidence of errors in project based industries is constructed. This model proposes that errors leading to defects and more dramatic failures can be generated from all levels of project organizations. They stem from primary factors (related to the performance of the individual), management factors (related to a range of managerial tasks) and global factors (related to wider external influences). These factors can be displayed as a hierarchy with primary factors at the base and global factors at the top. The paper reports on the results of an initial test of this model by reference to a survey of a sample of construction industry practitioners. The findings of the survey support the model, with some modifications. Additionally, some differences in view were noted: in particular, respondents from a construction background emphasized managerial factors more strongly than those from a design background.     

The impact of contractors’ attributes on construction project success: A post construction evaluation

The success of construction projects is a fundamental issue for most governments, users and communities. In the literature that deals with construction project success and causes of time and cost overruns in the construction industry, there is some literature that highlights the role of the contractors in project success. While most studies rank contractors’ success attribute from tendering, prequalification, and a long term historical perception perspective, this paper aims to study the impact of contractors’ attributes on project success from a post construction evaluation perspective to identify what critical success factors (CSFs) that greatly impact the success of project. In an attempt to understand and investigate this impact, a questionnaire survey is used to establish construction professionals’ perception of CSFs of contractors that greatly impact on the success of construction projects. Factor analysis reveals nine underlying clusters namely :(i) safety and quality; (ii) past performance; (iii) environment; (iv) management and technical aspects; (v) resource; (vi) organisation; (vii) experience; (viii) size/type of pervious projects; and (ix) finance. Logistic regression techniques were used to develop models that predict the probability of project success. Factors such as turnover history, quality policy, adequacy of labour and plant resources, waste disposal, size of past projects completed, and company image are the most significant factors affecting projects success. Assuming that project success is repeatable, these findings provide clear understanding of contractors’ performance and could potentially enhance existing knowledge of construction project success.     

Evaluating the value IT adds to the process of project information management in construction

This paper looks at the potential applications and benefits of using the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as a framework to evaluate the value IT adds to the process of project information management in construction. The paper builds upon recently published works by the authors, by further strengthening the conceptually developed ‘Construct IT’ BSC framework, through the validation of the frameworks five (5) IT-related performance measurement perspectives and associated performance indicators. Construction professionals from large construction contracting and project management organisations located within Australia were used as the target group for a questionnaire survey. The survey results supported the five perspective ‘Construct IT’ BSC framework. Evidence of reliability and validity is presented for the conceptual framework.     

探讨安全施工管理在小区建筑工程施工中的意义及应用

建筑安全施工管理主要包含了建筑工程项目在施工全过程中的一切有关施工安全组织和管理的活动,主要的是通过各种方法严格的控制施工过程中的各个因素,控制施工危险发生的概率,从而保障建筑施工安全目标的实现。所以,在建筑工程的建设过程中应该建立完善的安全施工管理体系,以此来保障建筑工程的质量。由此看来,安全施工管理在建筑工程施工中有着非常重要的作用。     

Building Information Modeling (BIM) application framework: The process of expanding from 3D to computable nD

The utilization of Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been growing significantly and translating into the support of various tasks within the construction industry. In relation to such a growth, many approaches that leverage dimensions of information stored in BIM model are being developed. Through this, it is possible to allow all stakeholders to retrieve and generate information from the same model, enabling them to work cohesively. To identify gaps of existing work and evaluate new studies in this area, a BIM application framework is developed and discussed in this paper. Such a framework gives an overview of BIM applications in the construction industry. A literature review, within this framework, has been conducted and the result reveals a research gap for BIM applications in the project domains of quality, safety and environmental management. A computable multi-dimensional (nD) model is difficult to establish in these areas because with continuously changing conditions, the decision making rules for evaluating whether an individual component is considered good quality, or whether a construction site is safe, also vary as the construction progresses. A process of expanding from 3D to computable nD models, specifically, a possible way to integrate safety, quality and carbon emission variables into BIM during the construction phase of a project is explained in this paper. As examples, the processes of utilizing nD models on real construction sites are described. It is believed to benefit the industry by providing a computable BIM and enabling all project participants to extract any information required for decision making. Finally, the framework is used to identify areas to extend BIM research.     

关键绩效指标KPI——国际最新的工程项目绩效评价体系

本文详细介绍了国际上最新的工程项目绩效评价体系KPI,该评价体系全面考虑了进度、成本、质量、安全、生产率、利润率、客户满意度等关键绩效指标,对于我国建筑业开展相关领域的研究和实践具有重要的借鉴和指导作用.     

Effect of host country and project conditions in international construction joint ventures

Joint ventures (JVs) have become popular because of their importance as a strategic alternative in global competition. International joint ventures (IJVs) are difficult to manage due to their complex structures involving more than two entities having different and competing objectives and strategies. Since each construction project is unique, project-specific factors are significant for the success of an IJV as well as the risks associated with the host country in which the IJV operates. In this study, the impact of host country conditions and project characteristics on IJV performance is investigated through a questionnaire survey. IJV performance is defined as a three-dimensional construct considering the performance of the project, the IJV partners, and the IJV organization itself. The results of the study suggest that project-related factors have a great impact on IJV performance. But they failed to provide evidence that IJV performance is affected by host country related risks.     

Assessing the impact of COVID-19 and safety parameters on energy project performance with an analytical hierarchy process

COVID-19 has destabilized the global economy, disrupted the lives of billions of people globally, and caused the workforce to suffer. Furthermore, the spread of this disease has caused most nations to impose strict lockdown regulations and shutdown most industries. This study aimed to highlight the key issues of energy project performance alongside construction activities that were halted during the COVID-19 outbreak to follow social distancing, lockdown, and public safety parameters. A questionnaire survey was administered to accomplish the purpose of this study. The responses of 42 energy project professionals and experts were evaluated using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for group decision-making. AHP shows that the biggest influences on project performance during COVID-19 pandemic were government measures and personal factors. The findings provide insight to support energy project planning and management during and after the pandemic, including prioritization of labor force health and safety.     

ISO 9000 certification and construction project performance: The Malaysian experience

Purpose

This paper explores the relationship between an ISO 9000 certified quality management system (QMS) and elements of performance in construction project environments.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey based approach is used to collect data from project managers working in the Malaysian construction sector in both ISO 9000 certified and non-certified organisations. Three elements of performance are explored: project management (PM) practices, financial management (FM) practices and Project Success. The Project Management Performance Assessment model (PMPA) (Bryde, 2003) is used as the framework for assessing PM Practices. 336 completed questionnaires are analysed, with a group of 73 being from ISO 9000 certified companies (a response rate of 48.3%) and a group of 262 being from non-certified companies (response rate = 32.6%). MANOVA are used to explore differences in levels of performance between the two groups.

Findings

Overall there is significance difference in mean scores at the 5% level in respect of each of the PM and FM Practice elements of performance, indicating that ISO 9000 certified companies have enhanced levels of performance in their project environments compared to those in non-certified companies. The two exceptions are the PM Practice related to establishing partnerships and managing resources and the FM Practice related to allowing for inflation and price escalations. The results also indicate that ISO 9000 certification has a positive moderating effect on the casual relationship between PM Practices and Project Success. Based on the survey results a Project Management Performance Assessment for Construction (PMPAC) model is developed, which extends the PMPA to include performance enablers linked to financial management activities.

Research limitations/implications

The survey focuses on the construction sector in Malaysia and further work is required to see if the findings are applicable to other countries and also to other business sectors beyond the construction sector.

Originality/value

The research reported in this paper is original in that prior research into the link of ISO 9000 certification and dimensions of organizational performance has not explicitly focused on project environments. The research findings provide evidence that those seeking to enhance their project performance could gain benefits from developing a QMS and seeking ISO 9000 accreditation. However the finding also indicate that an approach to performance management based solely on establishing a certified QMS may have its limitations in terms of establishing processes for managing the relationships on a project through partnership approaches and in dealing with uncertainty in the external environment, such as price fluctuations. The PMPAC model presented in this paper provides a framework for those working in construction project environments to ensure their project management systems incorporate the key activities that enable better performance.     

我国地铁施工事故统计分析与研究

城市化进程的快速推进,促进一些城市地铁的建设发展,建设过程中由于各种因素,导致我国地铁施工安全事故居高不下。通过文献查阅、施工单位访问、网络搜索、专家访问等方式,对我国内地 2003~2017 年近 15 年间地铁施工过程中发生的 322 起事故,按照不同事故类型进行数据统计与分析,结合地理环境、历年天气等因素,揭示数据反映出的事故规律;比较不同省市死亡人数占伤亡人数比重,分析其与地铁施工安全管理水平之间的关系。从数据中分析当前地铁施工过程中存在的普遍性特征及其内在规律,并结合福州某工区的地铁施工建设,提出相应的对策与建议。     

An integrated ergonomics framework for evaluation and design of construction operations

Labor is one of the most critical resources in the construction industry due to its impact on the productivity, safety, quality, and cost of a construction project. Ergonomic assessment, as a tool and method for analyzing human activities and their interactions with the surrounding environment, is thus crucial for designing operations and workplaces that achieve both high productivity and safety. In construction, however, the constantly changing work environments and laborious tasks cause traditional approaches to ergonomic analysis, such as manual observations and measurements, to require substantial time and effort to yield reliable results. Therefore, to simplify and automate the assessment processes, this study explores the adaptation and integration of various existing methods for data collection, analysis, and output representation potentially available for comprehensive ergonomic analysis. The proposed framework integrates sensing for data collection, action recognition and simulation modeling for productivity and ergonomic analysis, and point cloud model generation and human motion animation for output visualization. The proposed framework is demonstrated through a case study using data from an off-site construction job site. The results indicate that integrating the various techniques can facilitate the assessment of manual operations and thereby enhance the implementation of ergonomic practices during a construction project by reducing the time, effort, and complexity required to apply the techniques.     

A computerized model for measuring and benchmarking the partnering performance of construction projects

Research into partnering performance measures for building and construction projects becomes crucial because a growing trend of client organizations has been observed to adopt partnering approach to procure their projects worldwide over the past decade. Although there are some related research studies and papers documented on this research area, few, if any, comprehensive and systematic research studies focus on developing a comprehensive, objective, reliable and practical performance evaluation model for partnering projects in construction. A Partnering Performance Index (PPI), which is composed of seven weighted Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), has been developed to measure, monitor, improve, and benchmark the partnering performance of construction projects in Hong Kong. A set of Quantitative Indicators (QIs) and well-defined ranges of Quantitative Requirements (QRs) for each QI have been further established using the Delphi survey technique and Fuzzy Set Theory. Evaluation of partnering success can now be based on quantitative evidences, thus tackling the subjectivity of performance evaluation. By making use of the Internet and database technology, PPI can be monitored on-line, thus saving much time, cost and efforts on data collection and retrieval than if they are done manually. As such, an Internet-based computerized partnering monitoring and benchmarking tool, namely the Computerized Partnering Performance Index System (CPPIS) has been developed. The Internet-based CPPIS enables project participants to input data at any time and location and the project administrators could perform data analysis via the Internet. The CPPIS also enables project managers to measure, monitor, improve and benchmark their partnering performances against those already stored in the database. Graphical presentations of data and various performance measures are also built in to assist various end-users to identify problematic areas and critical success factors for achieving partnering excellence.     

安全管理行为对安全管理绩效影响分析方法

有效评价安全管理绩效对提升建设项目安全管理水平、减少事故发生至关重要。通过分析建设项目各参建方的安全管理行为,识别项目安全管理绩效的影响因素及其相互作用关系,结合系统动力学从项目整体角度构建了安全管理绩效分析模型,来评价建设项目各参与方的安全管理行为对项目安全管理绩效的综合影响。实际案例分析表明,研究构建的安全管理绩效分析模型是有效的、可行的,并据此提出建设项目安全管理绩效提升建议。     

Safety factors considered by industrial contractors in Saudi Arabia

This paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey, which was distributed among industrial contractors in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, and formal interviews with the contractors’ officials responsible for construction safety. The intent of the survey was to gather data on those significant factors that influence the safety performance of industrial contractors. The sample survey consists of 28 companies that are involved with large volume of industrial construction activities in the Eastern Province. The paper identifies 20 main factors and 85 sub-factors and determines their level of importance based on the survey results and the analysis.