甘蔗渣的几种高值化利用研究进展

甘蔗渣是糖厂重要的副产物之一,也是一种重要的可再生资源,本文主要综述甘蔗渣的几种高值化利用新途径,并提出了甘蔗渣高值化利用的发展方向。     

甘蔗渣高值化综合利用对策的研究

甘蔗渣是制糖工业的主要副产品之一,是一种重要的可再生资源,作为造纸原料已无法体现甘蔗渣作为生物质能源的利用价值。就甘蔗渣在热能、保健品、化工、食品、制药、环保等方面提出实现产业化的高值化综合利用对策。     

油茶果壳生物质的转化研究进展

油茶果壳是油茶籽油生产过程中最大的副产物,对油茶果壳的不合理处置不仅会造成环境污染,同时也造成了资源浪费。为了促进油茶果壳的充分利用和开发,总结了以油茶果壳为原料制备生物燃料及生物碳材料方面的研究进展,并对油茶果壳在其他工业原料制备方面的应用进行了综述。油茶果壳可通过热解转化为生物炭、生物油和燃料气,作为生物燃料应用。油茶果壳生物质衍生碳材料可以作为电极材料、吸附材料和催化材料应用。油茶果壳还可以用于制备半纤维素、寡糖等工业原料。油茶果壳生物质应用研究有助于未来油茶产业链的延伸,实现油茶籽油副产物的高值化利用。     

废纸高值化利用及其在材料领域中的研究进展

再生资源高效利用是生态文明建设的重要环节,废纸（再生纤维）是废弃高分子材料领域中量大面广的重要废弃资源,目前利用废纸生产再生纸仍然是其主要的回收途径,废纸高值高效利用技术的开发广受关注。本文简述了国内废纸回用现状,综述了以废纸为原料制备再生纤维衍生物、废纸用作工程填料以及再生纤维复合材料等高附加值产品的研究成果,分析了废纸高值化利用及其在材料领域中的应用发展前景。     

中国废旧军服面料回收利用的研究现状及发展前景

为促进废旧军服面料的高值化回收利用,总结了国内07式军服的种类及其面料特征,系统分析了目前开纤纺纱法、再生聚酯切片法、涤棉分离技术等废旧军服面料的回收利用方法,并对废旧军服面料回收再利用的发展前景进行展望。分析表明：目前废旧军服面料的回收利用主要聚焦于简单再利用或回收涤纶组分制备高值再生聚酯切片,较少关注军服面料中其余组分的高值回收利用。针对废旧军服面料中含量相对较高的涤棉混纺面料,采用有效的涤棉分离技术高效分离涤纶和棉纤维,并以此作为原料分别制备再生聚酯切片和再生溶解浆,进一步以再生棉浆粕为原料制备再生纤维素产品将非常有前景。因而,开发高效的涤棉分离、废旧涤纶和棉纤维的高值化利用技术是实现废旧军服面料综合利用的重要发展方向。     

生物质精炼技术及在造纸行业的应用与趋势

生物质精炼是将生物质资源转化为能源和多元化、高附加值生物质产品的一种有效途径,是实现高值化利用原料和资源化利用三废的有效方法,造纸企业是生物质精炼不可多得的发展平台。本文重点介绍了传统制浆造纸工业与生物质精炼相结合的几种可行模式和相关技术的应用情况以及发展趋势。     

基于熔盐水合物预处理的木质纤维生物质精炼研究进展

熔盐水合物（molten salt hydrate,MSH）具有易制备、成本低、沸点高、蒸汽压低、环境友好等特点,在木质纤维生物质精炼领域展现出广阔的应用前景。本文主要综述了MSH预处理技术在木质纤维生物质组分分离及高值化利用方面的研究进展,并总结了MSH预处理技术在目前木质纤维生物质精炼研究发展中存在的不足及未来的发展方向,以期为木质纤维生物质的精炼研究提供借鉴。     

关于甘蔗渣综合利用的现状及前景探析

甘蔗渣是来源于制糖工业的一种副产品,每年糖厂都产出很多甘蔗渣。甘蔗渣是一种持续可再生发展资源,应该高值综合利用好甘蔗渣。阐述甘蔗渣综合利用的现状以及探析一些新的高值新途径,对甘蔗渣前景综合利用提出看法,以达到节约资源,发展甘蔗渣高值应用的目的。     

经济作物将替代粮食作乙醇汽油原料

[本刊讯]从日前在上海召开的生物柴油与生物质资源化工利用发展研讨会上获悉,国家将不再利用粮食作为生物质能源的生产原料,取代粮食的将是经济作物。这一消息是在国家发改委能源局可再生能源处处长史立山的发言报告中透露的。此消息当即引起众多想投资新生物能源领域企业代表的热切关注。替代产品是经济作物在发改委可再生能源处的报告中看到,发改委已做出了在山东、黑龙江、内蒙古和新疆等地的生物质燃料新原料生产基地的具体规划。燃料乙醇的新原料包括甜高粱、木薯、甘蔗等,而麻疯树、黄连木等油料植物则是用来生产生物柴油。发改委能源…     

生物质基多孔碳材料作为超级电容器电极的研究进展

生物质基多孔碳材料因原料来源广泛、价格低廉、环境友好等特点受到人们广泛关注,将其应用于超级电容器等储能器件可有效促进其在多领域实现高值化应用。本文通过深入分析近年来生物质基多孔碳超级电容器制备及应用的最新技术,从生物质原料种类、生物质基多孔碳材料的优化（活化和掺杂）及生物质基碳电极在不同超级电容器电极材料的应用等方面,归纳总结了生物质基多孔碳材料作为超级电容器电极未来面临的挑战。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the