光催化-微生物直接耦合技术处理桉木化机浆废水的研究

针对造纸行业中桉木化机浆废水难处理、排放量较大、有机污染负荷较高、成分复杂等问题。以TiO₂-聚氨酯海绵为光催化载体,活性污泥为生物种源,单独光催化和单独活性污泥以及光催化生物间接耦合作对照,在可见光下构建了光催化-微生物直接耦合体系(ICPB);对ICPB处理桉木化机浆废水进行了工艺优化,探讨了ICPB技术处理桉木化机浆废水的可行性。结果表明,ICPB体系最佳工艺条件为：载体填充率5%,pH=7,曝气量0.6 L·min^-1, NH₄Cl添加量为54.1 mg·L^-1, Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O添加量为55.1 mg·L^-1,反应时间为10 h;处理前后的常规水质指标和GC-MS结果显示,ICPB体系具有较好的降解性能和矿化能力。     

Fenton氧化法在处理桉木P-RCAPMP废水和蔗渣堆场废水中的应用探索

介绍Fenton试剂的作用机理、影响处理效果的因素以及在桉木化机浆废水深度处理中的应用实践、工艺和设备特点。桉木化学机械浆废水TCOD6000~8000mg/L,SS1800~2800mg/L,蔗渣堆场废水TCOD4000~6000mg/L,SS1000~2000mg/L,经过厌氧好氧处理后,SBR池出水进入Fenton氧化塔+超效浅层气浮+二沉池处理工艺,使排水达到GB3544—2008表2标准。     

桉木化机浆制浆废水多组分成分分析

通过气相色谱/质谱联用仪（GC/MS）、高效液相色谱/质谱联用仪（HPLC/MS）等方法系统测定了桉木化机浆制浆废水成分,并进行了定性和定量分析。结果表明,桉木化机浆制浆废水中含有大量木质素、半纤维素、有机物、糖类等,其中木质素含量较高,为73 g/L,是杨木化机浆制浆废水的1.2倍;有机污染物40多种;桉木化机浆制浆废水中还检测出多种糖类,是后续厌氧处理的基本条件。     

杨木化机浆高浓废水厌氧-好氧高效处理工艺技术的应用

本文从厌氧-好氧处理工艺技术发展及应用的角度出发,介绍了中冶美利浆纸有限公司运用厌氧-好氧处理杨木化机浆废水的工艺技术,以及该工艺对杨木化机浆高浓废水的处理效果,结合制浆造纸行业废水治理实例,说明治理造纸废水污染并使废水得到循环利用的方法和途径.     

Fenton高级氧化法处理化机浆废水研究

采用高级氧化法处理了某BCTMP化机浆制浆综合废水二级生化出水。研究结果表明：化机浆综合废水经厌氧-好氧处理后,再用Fenton氧化法进行深度处理,COD可降至50mg/L以下。用稀硫酸调初始pH到5.8,100ml废水投加5%的FeSO4溶液6.4ml后快速搅拌2min,加12%的H202溶液0.15ml,加Ca（OH）2溶液调节pH到6.0,整个高级氧化段COD去除率达85%,SS去除率达到90%以上。Ca（OH）2不仅调节了pH,而且还起到了絮凝的作用。与此同时,加PAM来改善污泥沉降性能,PAM的助凝作用,改变了化学污泥的沉降性。本研究结果为福建某企业化机浆废水的深度处理工程设计提供了重要的基础数据。     

桉木P-RC APMP和蔗渣堆场废水混合处理

介绍了桉木化学机械浆生产过程中产生的废水和蔗渣堆场废水混合后,一起进行污水处理的工艺、设备特点和生产实践。桉木化学机械浆生产废水COD7000～10000mg/L,SS1800～2800mg/L;蔗渣堆场废水COD6000～10000mg/L,SS2000～3500mg/L,通过采用斜筛＋初沉＋IC厌氧＋^#1气浮＋SBR好氧＋芬顿氧化＋^#2气浮＋二沉池处理后,排水达到GB3544-2008表2标准要求。     

活性炭负载铈催化臭氧处理桉木制浆废水

通过浸渍法在活性炭(AC)上负载铈(Ce)制备了催化剂(Ce-AC),并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和比表面积分析仪(BET)对制备的催化剂进行表征,研究了该催化剂催化臭氧处理桉木制浆废水对CODCr和色度的去除效果。结果表明,Ce以CeO_2晶型的形式负载在AC上;Ce负载量为1.0%时,Ce-AC催化臭氧处理桉木制浆废水效果最好;当反应30 min时,废水的色度和CODCr去除率达到95%和55%,分别比单独臭氧氧化过程提高10个和18个百分点,比AC催化臭氧氧化过程提高5个和12个百分点;Ce-AC催化臭氧处理桉木制浆废水极大地提高了对废水CODCr的去除率。动力学分析表明,单独臭氧氧化及AC、Ce-AC催化臭氧处理制浆废水的过程中,CODCr降解的反应符合表观二级动力学方程,负载的Ce提高了反应的动力学速率常数。     

厌氧一好氧处理高得率浆APMP废水的研究

设计了生物处理高得率浆碱性过氧化氢机械浆（APMP）废水厌氧（USAB）-好氧（SBR）组合技术，结果表明该技术可使APMP废水COD去除率达90.3%。并用计算机处理实验结果，建立了厌氧-好氧关联方程及SBR降解APMP废水的动力学关系式。     

毛竹化学机械浆浓废液碱回收性能及混合废液处理技术的研究

对毛竹化机浆制浆过程产生的浓废液进行物化分析,以评估其进行碱回收的可能性;并采用厌氧-好氧+Fenton深度氧化工艺对其混合废液(混合后续工段的废液包括纸机白水、洗涤水等,CODCr浓度2950mg/L)进行处理,研究了其排放水质情况.结果表明,毛竹化机浆浓废液的流变性优于同浓度的竹化学浆黑液,氯含量(0.94％)与竹...     

我国化机浆废水处理技术的发展

本文论述了各类化机浆废水的发生量、污染特征和生物毒性。总结了国内采用厌氧-好氧生物技术治理化机浆废水的几个典型工程。介绍了中国林科院制浆造纸研究开发中心对化机浆废水进行电化学、强氧化深度处理的技术成果。制浆造纸研究开发中心首次对国内数10种速生材制CTMP、P—RC APMP化机浆废液的蒸发性能、燃烧性能进行了较系统的研究,全面监测了各种化机浆废水的固形物、有机物、无机物含量、固形物中元素种类与含量．分析了不同浓度化机浆废水的密度、沸点、粘度。重点检测了化机浆废水固形物的燃烧值．各类固形物燃烧值为12．36～13．84MJ／kg。认为在化机浆废水污染浓度成倍升高和更加严格的制浆造纸水污染物排放新标准的形势下,零排放将是今后若干年我国化机浆工业发展的一个亮点。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the