Influence of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) fruit ripening stage on chemical composition and antioxidant activity

Arbutus unedo is a widespread shrub with economic importance, derived from the use of its berries in the production of alcoholic beverages and in folk medicine. This work intends to evaluate for the first time the effect of fruit ripening stage on antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, fatty acid profile and tocopherol composition. Ripe fruits shown higher extraction yield (45.04 ± 2.23%) when compared to other fruit ripening stages. By contrast, total phenol contents were higher in the unripe and intermediate stage of ripeness (108 and 111 mg GAES/g dry fruit, respectively, against 60 mg/g dry fruit when ripe). Ripe and intermediate fruits shown the lower EC₅₀ values on the DPPH radicals (0.25 ± 0.02 mg/mL) and reducing power assay (1.09 ± 0.05 mg/mL), respectively. A significant correlation was established between antioxidant activity and fruits ripening stage. Fatty acid profiles were very similar between the ripening stages, being alfa-linolenic, linoleic and oleic, the three major ones. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) represent as much as 60% of the total fatty acids, with a highly favorable omega 3/omega 6 ratio. From the analysis of the vitamin E vitamers, the most important was ??-tocotrienol, with a clear reduction in the total free vitamin E content with ripening.These results highlight that the fruits of intermediate ripeness can be regarded important sources of biologically active compounds with a fatty acid profile rich in omega-3 PUFA, properly supplemented with high vitamin E amounts.     

A comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of several new early- to mid-season apple cultivars for a warmer climate with traditional cultivars

The cover image is based on the Research Article A comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of several new early- to mid-season apple cultivars for a warmer climate with traditional cultivars by Inhwan Kim et al., DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9712 .

     

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of seeds of different cultivars of mungbean

ABSTRACT:  Seeds of 4 cultivars (M-1, M-6, NM-92, and NM-98) of mungbean [ Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] were investigated for proximate composition, antioxidant potential, fatty acids, tocopherols, and minerals profiles. Hexane-extracted seed oil content of the investigated cultivars of mungbeans ranged from 1.20% to 1.56%. Mungbean seeds were found to be a rich source of protein (20.97% to 31.32%). The contents of Fe, Cu, Mg, Na, K, Ca, and Zn were found to be 105.8 to 190.9, 4.8 to 6.3, 48.6 to 51.7, 382.6 to 562.7, 11.6 to 18.8, 359.2 to 482.9, and 24.9 to 47.2 mg/kg, respectively. The mungbean seeds contained linoleic acid in the highest amount, 340.5 to 465.7 mg/100 g of dry seed, followed by palmitic, oleic, linolenic, stearic, and arachidic acids: 278.1 to 401.2, 212.6 to 293.5, 188.7 to 236.8, 135.5 to 168.4, and 22.8 to 24.5 mg/100 g of dry seed, respectively. The seeds were found to be a rich source of tocopherols (α, γ, δ) ranged from 1.1 to 10.1, 60.7 to 80.9, and 4.6 to 11.2 mg/kg, respectively. Methanolic extracts of the seeds of the mungbean cultivars exhibited a good antioxidant activity as determined in terms of measurement of total phenolic contents (TPC) (0.62 to 1.08 g/100 g of dry matter), percent inhibition of peroxidation (49.8% to 89.2%), reducing power (1.19% to 1.45%), and bleaching β-carotene. The results of the present analytical study revealed these 4 mungbean cultivars to be a potential source of essential fatty acids, antioxidants, minerals and protein, all of which are linked with positive health benefits.     

狮头柑挥发油化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油,用Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS)对狮头柑挥发油化学成分进行了定性定量分析。狮头柑的出油率很高,达到3.78%。检出42种成分,其主要成分为柠檬精油(75.5%)。     

Processing and storage effects on anthocyanin composition and antioxidant activity of jams produced with Camarosa strawberry

Anthocyanin profiles and radical scavenging activity of Camarosa strawberry jams as affected by two processing methods (conventional/industrial) and storage conditions were evaluated. Industrial strawberry jam produced in a closed system with vacuum preserved the anthocyanin composition (the total content was 35.77 ± 2.56 mg per 100 g) when compared with conventional jam produced in an open system (3.35 ± 0.05 mg per 100 g). However, the radical scavenging activity of conventional jam was lower than that of industrial jam, as EC₅₀ was 52.99 ± 0.94 and 44.33 ± 2.47 mg mL^?1, respectively. Two‐way analysis of variance indicated a significant effect of processing method and storage time during 60 days and a significant interaction for all variables except for EC₅₀. Long‐time storage of industrial jams at ?8 °C leads to 80% reduction in anthocyanin content without loss of sensorial characteristics, whereas at room temperature the reduction was 98%, and the red colour was replaced by a brownish. Regardless of storage temperature, the radical scavenging activity of jams decreased 50–60% of its initial value.     

The effect of postharvest ripening on strawberry bioactive composition and antioxidant potential

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present work was to evaluate the phytochemical profile and the antioxidant activity of strawberry fruit (cv. Camarosa) upon postharvest ripening at room temperature (20 °C) and to correlate them with qualitative attributes. RESULTS: ‘Camarosa’ fruit retained an appreciable postharvest performance for up to 1 day shelf life; thereafter substantial quality deterioration was observed. An increased phenolic content, mainly attributed to hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols and anthocyanins, was monitored after 3 days maintenance at 20 °C. The chromatographic fingerprint of athocyanins showed that pelargonidin‐3‐glucoside was the major anthocyanin, which increased with the increase of shelf life period, while cyanidin‐3‐glucoside and pelargonidin‐3‐rutinoside were found at lower concentrations. The potent radical scavenging activity, evaluated with four in vitro assays, showed a higher antioxidant capacity after 3 and 1 days of shelf life. In addition, the antioxidant effect of strawberry fruit extracts on lipid substrates and on an emulsion system showed a significant inhibition in the formation of conjugated diene hyperoxides. Interestingly, no direct correlation between the phytochemical profile and the quality attributes exist. CONCLUSION: ‘Camarosa’ fruit had acceptable quality attributes for fresh consumption and at the same time a high phytochemical content up to 1 day shelf life. The over‐ripe fruit continued to be an excellent reservoir of natural antioxidants, pointing to its potential use as food antioxidant and nutritional supplement. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Nutritional composition and antioxidant activity in hazelnut shells from US‐grown cultivars

The hard shell of a hazelnut is a major waste of the hazelnut industry. The chemical composition, phenolic compounds (total phenolics, tannins and condensed tannins), antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS free‐radical scavenging assays), and the relationships between phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of the hazelnut shells from twelve US grown cultivars were investigated to for potential commercial development. Crude fibre accounted for over 85% of total carbohydrate. The shells contained high concentrations of phenolic compounds. Concentrations of phenolic constituents and ABTS^?+ ‐scavenging capacities were significantly higher (P > 0.05) in the Oregon cultivars than their Nebraska counterparts. There were significant positive correlations between ABTS^?+ scavenging capacities and the phenolic compounds, whereas DPPH^? ‐scavenging capacity demonstrated a weak negative correlation with ABTS^?+ scavenging capacity and the phenolics. The results suggest that hazelnut hard shell may serve as a potential source of natural antioxidants for food applications.     

三种洋葱营养成分分析

对三种洋葱的主要营养成分、矿物质和黄酮类化合物含量进行分析研究,并探讨黄酮类化合物含量与抗氧化的关系。三种洋葱中水分含量为88.3%～92.7%,碳水化合物为7.73%～8.56%,蛋白质为1.12%～1.71%,脂肪为0.23%～0.41%,其中,白皮洋葱的脂肪含量较高,适合作为提取洋葱油的原料。三种洋葱中黄酮类化合物含量为592.3～913.2mg/kg,紫皮洋葱的黄酮类化合物含量最高,适合作为提取黄酮类化合物的原料,而且紫皮洋葱的产量较高,种植面积较大,很有开发前景;三种洋葱的黄酮类化合物含量与总的抗氧化能力没有相关性。三种洋葱矿物质元素组成相似,钾含量最高,铜含量最低。     

Effects of temperature during processing with wine on chemical composition,antioxidant capacity and enzyme inhibition activities of Angelica Sinensis Radix

The effects of temperature (100 °C, 150 °C, 250 °C) during processing with wine on chemical composition, oil oxidative stability, inhibitory activities on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and pancreatic lipase (PL) of Angelica Sinensis Radix (ASR), and the feasibility of melanoidins as a colour index to control the roasting intensities were investigated for the first time. The results showed that there were the highest content of ferulic acid, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of sample roasted at 150 °C, and the sample roasted at 250 °C had the highest content of polysaccharide and total phenolics. A continued reduction in volatile content has occurred in progressive roast. The oxidant stability of oil has a slight increase along with the strength of the roasting intensities, which was higher than unprocessed ASR. Inhibitory activities on acetylcholinesterase and pancreatic lipase were decreased firstly and then increased. Melanoidins can be used as a colour indicator for controlling the thermal processing.     

加工方法对草莓中抗氧化活性物质与抗氧化活性的影响

草莓是一种浆果,果实色泽鲜红,柔嫩多汁,甜酸适口,含有丰富的花色苷、VC和多酚等抗氧化活性物质,具有很好的抗氧化活性。草莓加工产品形式多样,使用的加工方法不尽相同,不同加工方法对草莓中抗氧化活性物质如花色苷、VC、多酚以及抗氧化活性的影响也不同。本文就近年来国内外有关草莓加工方法对花色苷、VC、多酚以及抗氧化活性的影响的研究进行了总结、分析,为推动我国草莓加工深入研究与草莓加工产业的发展提供参考。     

Comparative analysis of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of red (Psidium cattleianum) and yellow (Psidium cattleianum var. lucidum) strawberry guava fruit

Abstract: Strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) is a native fruit of Brazil widely consumed fresh and used in the food industry. In this context, the present study deals with the chemical characterization and the antioxidant activity of the red (Psidium cattleianum) and yellow (P. cattleianum var. lucidum Hort.) strawberry guava fruits, cultivars Irapuã and Ya‐Cy, respectively. Knowledge of chemical composition is fundamental to human nutrition, contributing to the quality of foods. Phenolic compounds in both fruits were analyzed by HPLC–DAD and the total flavonoid content was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu assay. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the total reactive antioxidant (TRAP) method. Psidium cattleianum presented a higher content of polyphenolic compounds than P. cattleianum var. lucidum (501.33 and 292.03 mg/100 g, respectively), with hyperoside being one of the major flavonoids identified for both cultivars. In addition to flavonoids, P. cattleianum presented an anthocyanin, identified as cyanidin. The antioxidant activity varied in a concentration‐dependent manner for both strawberry guava species. The volatile oils in fruits and fatty acids in seeds were quantified by GC‐EM. The analysis of the essential oil of yellow strawberry guava was compared with a previous study on the red cultivar, revealing β‐caryophyllene as the main component in both oils. The fatty acid composition was also quite similar and was especially characterized by the presence of unsaturated fatty acids (86.25% and 76%, respectively), among which linoleic acid as the most abundant. Practical Application: In this study, the chemical characterization and the antioxidant activity of the red (Psidium cattleianum) and yellow (P. cattleianum var. lucidum Hort.) strawberry guava fruits were investigated. This is important for potential application of strawberry guava as functional food. Moreover, it may be the experimental basis for further development and use in food industry.     

成熟度和贮藏温度对草莓贮藏期间果实品质的影响

为了研究草莓果实成熟度、贮藏温度与果实品质之间的关系,找到最佳的果实采摘成熟度和贮藏温度,考察了草莓果实的三种成熟度(1/2、3/4、全熟),在三个温度梯度(3、10、15℃)下贮藏9d,果实的货架品质(腐烂指数、失重率)、质构(硬度)、风味(可溶性固形物、可滴定酸)、营养价值(花青素、多酚、类黄酮物质)四个品质指标的变化情况。结果表明,贮藏9d后,1/2熟草莓果实具有较好的货架品质和质构,成熟度较高的草莓(3/4熟、全熟)具有较好的风味指标,果实成熟度和贮藏温度影响果实的货架品质、质构、风味及营养物质的含量。综合所述结果,在保证货架期和营养价值的情况下,草莓最佳采摘成熟度为3/4熟,采后贮藏温度为3℃。      

Spray drying of the soybean extract: Effects on chemical properties and antioxidant activity

Recent findings that many human chronic diseases are associated with oxidative stresses have instigated the search for dietary antioxidants. Isoflavones, a special phenolic group found in soybean, have been found to act as antioxidant in some model systems. The aim of this work was the evaluation the effects of spray drying on the chemical and biological properties of soybean extract. The total polyphenol contents in the concentrated soybean extract (CSE) and spray dried soybean extract (SDSE) were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau method and HPLC was utilized for the quantification of the genistein, active compound used as a chemical marker. The evaluation of antioxidant activity of CSE and SDSE was assessed by the hydrogen-donor ability to 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). The results indicated that the inlet gas temperature showed significant effect on the total polyphenol, protein and genistein contents of the dried extracts. The SDSE obtained this work showed high antioxidant activity, opening perspectives for its use as food additive and/or ingredient.     

成熟度和贮藏温度对草莓贮藏期间果实品质的影响

为了研究草莓果实成熟度、贮藏温度与果实品质之间的关系,找到最佳的果实采摘成熟度和贮藏温度,考察了草莓果实的三种成熟度(1/2、3/4、全熟),在三个温度梯度(3、10、15℃)下贮藏9d,果实的货架品质(腐烂指数、失重率)、质构(硬度)、风味(可溶性固形物、可滴定酸)、营养价值(花青素、多酚、类黄酮物质)四个品质指标的变化情况.结果表明,贮藏9d后,1/2熟草莓果实具有较好的货架品质和质构,成熟度较高的草莓(3/4熟、全熟)具有较好的风味指标,果实成熟度和贮藏温度影响果实的货架品质、质构、风味及营养物质的含量.综合所述结果,在保证货架期和营养价值的情况下,草莓最佳采摘成熟度为3/4熟,采后贮藏温度为3℃.     

超声辅助提取对蓝莓花青素提取率、抗氧化活性及化学组成的影响

采用Box-Behnken设计实验分析超声辅助提取工艺参数对蓝莓花青素的提取率和抗氧化活性的影响,并通过HPLC-ESI-MS法分析超声辅助溶剂浸提对蓝莓花青素化学组成的影响。结果表明:提取率与抗氧化活性的最显著影响因子、最佳工艺参数及回归模型并不相同;提取率的最显著影响因子为超声温度和超声功率强度,最适条件为超声温度39℃、超声功率强度490W、超声p H3.5、超声时间45min;而DPPH·清除率的最显著影响因子为超声时间,最适条件为超声温度45℃、超声功率强度450W、超声p H3.1、超声时间37min;与溶剂浸提法相比,超声辅助溶剂浸提法缩短了浸提时间,但没有改变其化学组成,两种方法都获得11种花青素糖苷。      

超声辅助提取对蓝莓花青素提取率、抗氧化活性及化学组成的影响

采用Box-Behnken设计实验分析超声辅助提取工艺参数对蓝莓花青素的提取率和抗氧化活性的影响,并通过HPLC-ESI-MS法分析超声辅助溶剂浸提对蓝莓花青素化学组成的影响。结果表明:提取率与抗氧化活性的最显著影响因子、最佳工艺参数及回归模型并不相同;提取率的最显著影响因子为超声温度和超声功率强度,最适条件为超声温度39℃、超声功率强度490W、超声p H3.5、超声时间45min;而DPPH·清除率的最显著影响因子为超声时间,最适条件为超声温度45℃、超声功率强度450W、超声p H3.1、超声时间37min;与溶剂浸提法相比,超声辅助溶剂浸提法缩短了浸提时间,但没有改变其化学组成,两种方法都获得11种花青素糖苷。     

Evaluation of chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars

This research was undertaken to evaluate the sugars, organic acids, phenolic compositions and antioxidant capacities of sweet cherry cultivars (Van, Noir de Guben, Larian and 0‐900 Ziraat) grown in Turkey. High‐performance liquid chromatographic methods were used to identify and quantify four sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose and sorbitol) and four organic acids (malic, citric, shikimic, and fumaric acid). The major organic acid was found as malic acid (8.54–10.02 g kg^?1 of FW). With regard to sugars, glucose was present in the largest amounts (44.71–48.31 g kg^?1 of FW) for sweet cherry cultivars. The sum of sugars ranged from 103.87 (Larian) to 113.13 g kg^?1 of FW (0‐900 Ziraat) and that of organic acids from 12.01 (0‐900 Ziraat) to 14.17 g kg^?1 of FW (Noir de Guben). A total of eleven phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in sweet cherry cultivars, including hydroxycinnamic acids (3), anthocyanins (5), flavan‐3‐ols (2) and flavonol (1) compounds. Total phenolic contents ranged from 88.72 (Van) to 239.54 (Noir de Guben) mg/100 g of FW, while antioxidant activities ranged from 2.02 to 7.75 μm Trolox equivalents g^?1 of FW.     

Effects of cultivars on ensiling characteristics,chemical composition,and ruminal degradability of pea silage

A study was conducted to determine the effects of cultivar on ensiling characteristics, chemical composition and ruminal nutrient degradability of pea (Pisum sativum L.) silage. The cultivars evaluated were Lenca (L), Carneval (C), and Delta (D). Peas were field-grown and forage was harvested and ensiled in mini-silos for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 70 d. The ensiled forage of all cultivars went through a rapid fermentation with a sharp reduction in pH during the first 2 days of ensiling. Extensive proteolysis took place between 0 and 2 d as indicated by a reduction in true protein and neutral detergent insoluble protein (NDICP) and an increase in nonprotein nitrogen. Chemical analysis of the 70 d silage showed that cultivar L contained higher neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber and lower starch levels than C and D. Crude protein was highest for C (20.5% DM), intermediate for D (19.0% DM) and lowest for L (17.9% DM). Distribution of protein fractions showed that L contains lower soluble protein and higher NDICP levels than the other two pea cultivars. However, no difference in acid detergent insoluble protein levels was observed between the three cultivars. Results of the in situ incubation experiment indicated that L had lower ruminal DM (69.2 vs 74.0%) and CP (84.1 vs 90.6%) degradabilities than C or D. However, ruminal degradability of NDF was similar among the three cultivars (average of 32.9%). It was concluded that chemical composition and ruminal nutrient degradability of pea silage are significantly influenced by cultivars.     

Comparative study on chemical composition,polyphenols, flavonoids,carotenoids and antioxidant activities of various cultivars of sweet potato

Chemical composition, polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids and antioxidant activities of twenty-five cultivars of sweet potato were investigated. Starch, crude protein, crude fat, total dietary fibre, reducing sugar and ash contents ranged between 51.88–69.21, 2.36–7.79, 0.24–1.11, 5.02–14.35, 1.07–9.78 and 1.95–4.29 g per 100 g dry weight (DW), respectively. Cultivars of Longshu, Pushu 32 and Qinshu No.7 (Shanxi province) displayed the highest values in total polyphenol contents (9.38, 9.11 and 8.76 mg GAE per g DW, respectively), Huangmeigui showed higher flavonoids content (2.54 mg RE per g DW), Xiangshu presented higher anthocyanin content (1.02 mg per g DW), whereas Pushu 32 had the highest β-carotene content (208.11 μg per g DW). Strong significant positive correlations were presented between antioxidant activities and total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, indicating that polyphenols and flavonoids are essential antioxidants in sweet potatoes. Among all cultivars, Pushu 32 presented the highest grey relational grade (GRG) value (0.7811), suggesting its importance as a healthy diet.