基于PCA算法的人脸识别

PCA算法作为一种数值分析技术,主要的应用是用于简化数据、降低数据维度。将PCA算法应用到人脸识别,能提取出人脸图像中最主要特征,去除数据的冗余和噪声。文中采用PCA进行人脸识别,能为人脸识别提取区分度高的特征数据,有效提高了识别的准确性。且在ORL和YALE人脸库进行了实验。实验结果表明,该方法对实验的人脸图像有较高的识别率。     

基于小波变换的人脸识别技术研究

文章提出了基于小波分解与PCA变换相结合的人脸特征提取方法,首先对人脸图像进行二维小波变换,对变换后的低频分量做PCA变换以提取人脸特征,最后,使用SVM分类器进行人脸识别。为了验证方法的有效性,文章以ORL人脸库作为测试数据库,前5幅人脸作为训练样本,后5幅人脸作为测试样本,实验结果表明该方法能有效的识别处理过的人脸图像。     

基于PCA特征提取和距离哈希K近邻分类的人脸表情识别

使用PCA降维,提取人脸表情特征,并结合基于距离的哈希K近邻分类算法进行人脸表情识别。首先使用类Haar特征和AdaBoost算法进行人脸检测,并对人脸图像进行预处理;接着使用PCA提取人脸表情特征,并将特征加入到哈希表;最后使用K近邻分类算法进行人脸表情的识别。将特征库重构为哈希表后,很大地提高了识别效率。     

基于PCA和KHM聚类的唇特征提取算法的研究

在基于隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)的语音同步唇动合成系统中,提出了基于主成分分析(PCA)法的口形全局纹理特征的表达方法,并在此基础上运用对初始值不敏感的K调和均值(KHM)聚类算法对实验中所用到的1650张24位真彩色唇图像样本进行PCA特征提取和聚类分析,以便于在语音唇动合成研究中建立语音特征与唇特征之间的映射关系.实验结果表明该方法保存了唇动过程中的嘴部二维形状信息,避免了由于特征点提取不准而对唇动合成产生的影响,同时运用KHM聚类算法使得聚类结果更加准确,有利于人脸语音动画的研究.     

用于人脸语音动画的唇特征提取和聚类算法

近年来,人脸语音动画的研究成为了一个热点.在人脸动画中,嘴唇的特征提取显得尤为重要.文章提出了基于主成分分析(PCA)法的口形全局纹理特征的表达方法,并在此基础上运用对初始值不敏感的K调和均值(KHM)聚类算法对研究中所用到的538个唇图像样本进行聚类,以便于语音唇动合成研究中建立语音特征与唇特征之间的映射关系.实验表明文章提出的方法既保存了唇动过程中的嘴部二维形状信息,又避免了由于特征点提取不准而对唇动合成产生的影响,同时运用KHM聚类算法使得聚类结果不受初始选取的影响,聚类更加准确,有利于人脸语音动画的研究.     

基于PCA和ICA的人脸识别

提出利用主成分分析(PCA)和独立成分分析(ICA)相结合的方法对人脸进行识别。首先对预处理后的图像进行降维,即利用PCA算法对图像进行去二阶相关和降维处理,然后再利用ICA算法获得人脸影像独立基成分,利用人脸影像独立基来构造一子空间,最后利用待识别图像在这个空间上的投影系数进行人脸识别。从两个不同的数据集,将传统的PCA人脸识别算法和提出的人脸识别算法进行比较。从实验数据结果看,提出的PCA和ICA结合人脸识别算法优于传统的PCA人脸识别算法。     

基于局部相位量化特征与多尺度分类的分块人脸识别

本文提出一种基于局部相位量化特征与多尺度分类相结合的方法进行人脸识别,该方法首先采用LPQ算子提取分块人脸灰度图象的LPQ直方图序列(LPQHS),然后采用PCA+ LDA方法对采样后的特征数据进行降维,最后根据多尺度分类的原则进行分类识别.该算法不仅能够提取人脸纹理信息,而且能够大幅度地降低训练数据量,并且数据量的维数与原始图像大小无关.在ORL标准人脸数据库上的实验表明,该方法具有较高的识别率.     

基于RPCA的SAR图像纹理特征去噪

合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像具有丰富的纹理信息,这些纹理信息能反映地物空间结构关系。当前纹理特征被广泛应用于SAR图像分类和SAR图像分割中。受成像因素影响,直接采用从SAR图像中提取的纹理特征效果不够好。为避免传统先滤波再提取纹理特征的方法对纹理、边缘信息造成损失,提出了一种先提取SAR图像纹理特征,再利用Robust PCA方法对纹理特征去噪的新方法,最后采用Kmeans聚类方法检验RPCA处理后的纹理特征表达效果。实验结果表明该方法能将聚类正确率从82%提高到84%。     

基于小波和LNMF的人脸特征提取方法研究

本文提出了利用小波变换(WT),局部非负矩阵分解(LNMF)来进行人脸特征提取的方法.用小波变换对人脸图像进行分解,选择最低分辨率的子段,既能捕获到人脸的实质特征,又有效地降低了计算复杂性;而非负矩阵分解方法克服了PCA、ICA等传统方法在人脸图像特征提取时速度慢、识别率低的缺点.实验结果表明,这种方法对光照变化、人脸表情和部分遮挡不敏感,具有良好的健壮性和较高的识别效率.     

基于PCA与SVM的头部姿态识别及应用

针对头部姿态识别在复杂背景和变化光照情况下准确率低的问题,提出了一种有效识别图像序列中头部姿态的方法.首先运用Adaboost算法提取出图像序列中不同姿态的人脸图像,通过主成分分析方法(PCA)提取人脸姿态特征;然后使用支持向量机构(SVM)造多分类器对提取的特征分类从而实现头部姿态识别;最后设计了五种不同的头部姿态在变化光照下与智能轮椅进行人机交互实验.实验结果表明该方法实时性高,抗光照变化性能强,识别率高达92.2％.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.