大豆分离蛋白与大豆磷脂比例对超声乳化亚麻籽油乳液特性的影响

适宜的乳化剂组成对于乳液的特性及稳定性有重要的影响。为超声乳化制备稳定的亚麻籽油乳液,以大豆分离蛋白（SPI）和大豆磷脂（SLT）为乳化剂,亚麻籽油为油相制备O/W乳液,研究SPI与SLT比例对亚麻籽油乳液特性的影响,从乳液的微观结构、水合平均粒径、多分散指数、ζ-电位、分层稳定性、表观黏度及低场核磁共振弛豫特性等方面进行了比较。结果表明,随着SPI与SLT比例从3∶ 1减小至1∶ 3,乳液的水合平均粒径增大,多分散指数先减小后增大,ζ-电位绝对值、乳层析指数及表观黏度总体增大,且T2弛豫图谱右移,体系中氢质子所受的束缚力减小。当SPI与SLT比例为1∶ 1时,乳液的多分散指数最低（0.07±0.07）且粒径呈单峰分布,ζ-电位绝对值较高,乳层析指数较低,同时体系中氢质子所受的束缚力较大,表观黏度较大,说明所形成的亚麻籽油乳液体系更为均匀、稳定。     

均质压力对亚麻籽油体乳液稳定性及体外消化的影响

本实验以亚麻籽油体为研究对象,通过对其进行均质处理,得到了稳定的富含α-亚麻酸的亚麻籽油体乳液,为居民在日常膳食中提高-3不饱和脂肪酸摄入量提供了新的途径。在保持均质时间相同的条件下(3 min),对亚麻籽油体进行不同均质压力(40、80、120 MPa)与均质次数(1～3次)处理,考察均质处理对亚麻籽油体乳液的性质、环境稳定性(pH、离子强度、热、氧化稳定性)、储藏稳定性和消化特性的影响。结果表明,FOB在120 MPa下均质处理3次,电位绝对值增加,粒径显著减小(P<0.05)。均质处理后的亚麻籽油体乳液在50～90℃下热处理30 min,粒径、电位稳定,且表现出更好的氧化稳定性和储藏稳定性(P<0.05)。均质处理亚麻籽油体并不影响其对pH4～5和离子强度不稳定(P>0.05)。消化结果表明,均质处理后的亚麻籽油体乳液具有更快的脂肪酸释放速率(FFA)。综上,均质处理显著了减小亚麻籽油体乳液的粒径,增强了亚麻籽油体的储藏稳定性和氧化稳定性,且加快了脂肪酸释放速率。     

亚麻籽二酯油乳液制备工艺优化及其微胶囊理化性质分析

为提高亚麻籽二酯油的稳定性和利用率,以抗性糊精和酪蛋白酸钠为复合壁材,单硬脂酸甘油酯(MG)和柠檬酸脂肪酸甘油酯(CITREM)为复合乳化剂,制备亚麻籽二酯油乳液,并进一步采用喷雾干燥法制备亚麻籽二酯油微胶囊。通过单因素实验考察固形物含量、MG与CITREM质量比、乳化剂添加量(以芯材质量计)和载油量对亚麻籽二酯油乳液粒径大小以及稳定性的影响,采用Box-Behnken设计响应面实验优化亚麻籽二酯油乳液的制备工艺,并采用钨丝灯扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热重分析仪和体外模拟消化模型等对亚麻籽二酯油微胶囊的性质进行了分析。结果表明：亚麻籽二酯油乳液最佳制备工艺条件为固形物含量50%、MG与CITREM质量比5∶4、乳化剂添加量2.5%、载油量50%,在此条件下亚麻籽二酯油乳液粒径为267.40 nm,亚麻籽二酯油微胶囊包埋率为97.85%;亚麻籽二酯油微胶囊结构完整,整体呈球形,外部无明显损伤,且具有良好的热稳定性和溶解性;亚麻籽二酯油微胶囊在体外模拟胃肠道消化过程中芯材释放率达到84.59%。综上,微胶囊化有利于提高亚麻籽二酯油的稳定性,扩大其应用范围。     

紫苏油多层乳液的制备及乳液油脂体外消化特性

针对紫苏油在贮藏过程中极易氧化的特点,以大豆分离蛋白、壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为乳化剂,采用静电层层自组装技术对紫苏油进行包封,使紫苏油保持良好的物理稳定性,并能达到油脂缓释的目的。分别对紫苏油单层乳液、双层乳液和三层乳液微观形态和稳定性进行考察,建立体外模拟消化模型,通过气相色谱测定3 种乳液消化前后的脂肪酸组成。结果表明：壁材质量分数为大豆分离蛋白1.0%、壳聚糖2.0%、海藻酸钠1.5%时制备的3 种乳液粒径较小、电位较高,具有良好的理化稳定性。在酸性条件下的多层乳液能够更好保护多不饱和脂肪酸,随着包埋层数的增加,紫苏油的氧化速率越慢。体外模拟消化结果表明三层乳液较单层和双层乳液具有更好的缓释效果,多层乳液可以保证油脂中脂肪酸有效释放。本实验阐明不同界面层对紫苏油消化和脂肪酸释放特性的影响,为指导油脂缓释体系加工提供一定的参考。     

10种小宗植物油的脂肪酸组成及氧化稳定性

考察山茶籽油、乳木果油、亚麻籽油、牡丹籽油、核桃油、葡萄籽油、玫瑰果油、紫苏籽油、石榴籽油和甜杏仁油10种植物油的脂肪酸组成、酸价、过氧化值（POV）、硫代巴比妥酸（TBA）值和油稳定性指数（OSI）。结果显示：10种植物油中,除乳木果油不饱和脂肪酸含量偏低,为50.41%（质量分数）,其余植物油不饱和脂肪酸含量均较高（84.34%～92.47%,质量分数）。亚麻籽油和牡丹籽油的主要脂肪酸为α-亚麻酸,山茶籽油和乳木果油主要脂肪酸含量为油酸>亚油酸>α-亚麻酸,剩余6种植物油则为亚油酸>油酸>α-亚麻酸。根据酸价,山茶籽油、玫瑰果油与紫苏籽油品质最好,亚麻籽油则相反,新鲜度最低。综合POV和TBA值两个指标,亚麻籽油主要处于深度氧化阶段,核桃油虽已深度氧化但仍主要为初级氧化产物,乳木果油与葡萄籽油更易发生深度氧化,剩余植物油氧化程度不高。乳木果油的OSI最高,核桃油最低,且10种植物油的OSI与多不饱和脂肪酸质量分数、不饱和脂肪酸质量分数呈显著负相关,与饱和脂肪酸质量分数、饱和脂肪酸/不饱和脂肪酸比例呈显著正相关。研究结果为进一步开发我国植物油产品提供依据。     

亚麻籽油多层微胶囊的制备及性质研究北大核心CSCD

采用静电层层自组装技术制备多层乳液,添加玉米糖浆作为壁材填充剂,结合喷雾干燥技术,制备多层微胶囊以提高亚麻籽油的氧化稳定性。通过测定多级乳液的粒径和Zeta电位,结果显示随着聚合电解质的加入,乳液粒径变大,Zeta电位发生转变,说明聚合电解质被吸附到液滴表面;通过包埋率和扫描电镜的结果显示,多层乳液制备的微胶囊粉末油脂比单层包埋的要好;脂肪酸分析表明,包埋过程对亚麻籽油脂肪酸组成没有显著影响,不会降低亚麻籽油的营养价值;60℃加速贮藏试验表明,多层包埋的亚麻籽油过氧化值和酸值变化速率较慢,通过多层包埋的微胶囊可以明显提高亚麻籽油的氧化稳定性。     

亚麻籽油多层微胶囊的制备及性质研究

采用静电层层自组装技术制备多层乳液,添加玉米糖浆作为壁材填充剂,结合喷雾干燥技术,制备多层微胶囊以提高亚麻籽油的氧化稳定性。通过测定多级乳液的粒径和Zeta电位,结果显示随着聚合电解质的加入,乳液粒径变大,Zeta电位发生转变,说明聚合电解质被吸附到液滴表面;通过包埋率和扫描电镜的结果显示,多层乳液制备的微胶囊粉末油脂比单层包埋的要好;脂肪酸分析表明,包埋过程对亚麻籽油脂肪酸组成没有显著影响,不会降低亚麻籽油的营养价值;60℃加速贮藏试验表明,多层包埋的亚麻籽油过氧化值和酸值变化速率较慢,通过多层包埋的微胶囊可以明显提高亚麻籽油的氧化稳定性。     

葡萄籽油和亚麻籽油储藏期间氧化对功能性成分影响

通过实验研究35℃恒温避光储藏亚麻籽油和葡萄籽油过氧化值、p–茴香胺值、脂肪酸组成和维生素E含量变化,探讨储藏期间油脂氧化劣变对其功能性成分影响。结果表明,经60天储藏,葡萄籽油、亚麻油过氧化值分别达241.30 mmol/kg、248.72 mmol/kg;p–茴香胺值为32.20、104.06;油脂脂肪酸组成不饱和脂肪酸减少0.35%和0.41%,亚油酸和亚麻酸分别降低0.20%和0.09%、0.23%和1.04%,反式脂肪酸含量基本没有变化;维生素E含量显著降低均未检出;储藏期间亚麻籽油氧化对功能性成分影响均大于葡萄籽油。     

烘烤对亚麻籽油理化品质、化学组成和抗氧化活性的影响

亚麻籽油因较高的营养价值而受到消费者的青睐,然而,热加工对亚麻籽油品质的影响仍有待阐明。利用热空气对亚麻籽进行烘烤,研究不同烘烤条件对亚麻籽油理化品质（酸价、过氧化值、色泽）、化学组成（共轭二烯、共轭三烯、类胡萝卜素、生育酚、总酚、美拉德反应产物、脂肪酸组成）以及氧化稳定指数、DPPH、ABTS的影响。结果表明：随着烘烤程度增加,亚麻籽油酸价从0.12 mg KOH/100 g增加至1.79 mg KOH/100 g;过氧化值、共轭二烯先增加后减少;类胡萝卜素、总酚、美拉德反应产物、共轭三烯、氧化稳定指数、DPPH以及ABTS均增加,α-亚麻酸含量随烘烤程度增加略微减少。适度烘烤明显改善了亚麻籽油的品质。本研究结果为亚麻籽及亚麻籽油加工提供数据支撑。     

米糠蛋白-亚麻籽油乳液体系构建及其稳定性研究

以米糠蛋白为乳化剂通过高速剪切方式制备亚麻籽油（O/W型）乳液,考察不同米糠蛋白添加量、超声功率、剪切转速等因素对乳液粒径变化的影响,通过响应面试验优化乳液制备工艺,并对乳液进行表征及稳定性评价。结果表明亚麻籽油乳液最优的制备工艺为:米糠蛋白添加量0.56%、剪切转速7900 r/min、超声功率300 W,在此条件下制得的乳液平均粒径最小为315.14 nm,制备的乳液具有良好的pH稳定性,乳液在4 ℃冷藏储存55 d内和25 ℃室温储存10 d内均呈现出良好的稳定特性,在第7 d时初级氧化产物和次级氧化产物含量分别降低了0.026 mmoL/L和0.031 mg/kg,具有一定的抗氧化特性。本研究为亚麻籽油产品的应用提供一定的理论参考。     

Effects of intravenous triacylglycerol emulsions on hepatic metabolism and blood metabolites in fasted dairy cows

The objective was to determine the effects of intravenous infusion of triacylglycerol (TAG) emulsions derived from different lipid sources on energy metabolism during a 4-d fast. Six nonpregnant, nonlactating multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to treatments in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin Square design. Treatments included intravenous infusion of tallow, linseed oil, or fish oil emulsions at a rate of 0.54 g of TAG/kg of body weight per day; infusions were concurrent with a 4-d fast. The emulsions were administered for 20 to 30 min every 4 h throughout the 4-d fast. Cows were fed ad libitum for 24 d between the fast/infusion periods. Infusion of tallow, linseed oil, or fish oil emulsions increased plasma concentrations of palmitic acid, linolenic acid, and eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, respectively. Infusion of linseed oil emulsion decreased plasma TAG concentrations compared with tallow and fish oil treatments, which were similar. Infusion of the tallow emulsion resulted in the highest concentrations of plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), insulin, and glucose, whereas the infusion derived from linseed oil had the lowest NEFA and beta-hydroxybutyric acid concentrations. The different TAG emulsions had no effect on total or peroxisomal oxidation of [1-(14C)]oleic acid in liver homogenates. Liver TAG content increased 12.0, 7.8, and 14.1 microg/microg of DNA during the fast for tallow, linseed oil, and fish oil treatments, respectively; linseed oil was different from fish oil and tended to be different from tallow.     

共轭亚油酸多重乳状液的制备及稳定性研究

以多重乳状液相对体积为衡量标准,借助显微镜直接观察,探讨油水相质量比、亲油亲水乳化剂质量比、乳化剂的HLB值、乳化剂的含量等因素对共轭亚油酸多重乳状液体系稳定性的影响.结果表明,单一乳化剂体系中,以Tween80作亲水乳化剂制备的多重乳状液稳定性较好.当m(内水相):m(油相):m(外水相)=1:5:1.3,m(Span80):m(Tween80)=9,乳化剂的含量为9.7%时,多重乳液相对体积达到93%.复合乳化剂体系中,在第一相的HLB值为7.4,m(复合乳化剂):m(Tween80)=9,乳化剂质量分数为6.67%时,稳定性最好.     

二十二碳六烯酸微藻油乳状液稳定性的影响因素

以二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexenoic acid,DHA)微藻油微胶囊化过程中形成的乳状液为研究对象,通过测定乳状液稳定性、界面膜强度、界面张力、粒径和Zeta-电位,探究乳化剂、pH值和金属离子对乳状液稳定性的影响.结果表明,司盘80与吐温60复配的乳状液亲水亲油平衡(hydrophile-lipophile...     

Interfacial design of protein-stabilized emulsions for optimal delivery of nutrients

Proteins are often used as ingredients in food emulsions, as their amphiphilic structures provide electrostatic and steric stabilization. Significant attention has recently been directed at understanding how the composition and structure of oil-water interfaces change during digestion and how these can be manipulated to enhance the delivery of nutrients contained within the oil droplets. These efforts have necessitated the development of more sophisticated in vitro digestion models of greater physiological relevance and increased efforts in research to identify the role of the various digestive parameters on interfacial dynamics. The changes occurring at the oil-water interface will affect the adsorption of gastro-intestinal lipases and, ultimately, affect lipid digestion. The composition of a protein-stabilized oil droplet changes continuously during digestion, because of proteolysis and the formation of peptides with different affinities for the interface. In addition, natural bio-surfactants such as phospholipids and bile salts, other surface- active molecules present in foods, and the products of lipolysis (i.e. mono and diglycerides, lysophospholipids), all compete for access to the interface, and contribute to the dynamic changes occurring on the surface of the oil droplets. A better understanding of how to tailor the composition of oil droplet surfaces in food emulsions will aid in optimizing lipid digestion and, as a result, delivery of lipophilic nutrients. This review focuses on the physico-chemical changes occurring in protein-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions during gastric and small intestine digestion, and on how interfacial engineering could lead to differences in fatty acid release and the potential bioavailability of lipophilic molecules.     

不同食用油氧化稳定性比较研究

为了比较不同食用油的氧化稳定性,选取紫苏油、亚麻籽油、核桃油、菜籽油和芝麻油5种食用油为原料,以烘箱法为对照,分别采用涂膜法和模拟法以过氧化值和酸值为考察指标对其氧化稳定性进行评价,并对其氧化过程中的脂肪酸组成变化进行探讨。结果表明:5种食用油氧化稳定性从高到低依次为:芝麻油菜籽油核桃油亚麻籽油紫苏油;在氧化初期,多不饱和脂肪酸含量减少,单不饱和脂肪酸含量和饱和脂肪酸含量有不同程度的增加,多不饱和脂肪酸含量对食用油氧化稳定性具有明显的影响,特别是亚麻酸含量;在评价氧化稳定性的方法中,烘箱法操作简便但无法反映氧化实际情况,涂膜法检测过程高效且实时,模拟法可反映食用油在使用中的实际氧化过程。     

Effects of emulsifier charges on the oxidative stability in oil-in-water emulsions under riboflavin photosensitization

The oxidative stability in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions containing different emulsifier charges was tested under riboflavin photosensitization by analysis of headspace oxygen content and lipid hydroperoxides. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Tween 20, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were selected as anionic, neutral, and cationic emulsifiers, respectively. The O/W emulsions containing CTAB had lower oxidative stability than those with SDS and Tween 20. The addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, a well-known metal chelator, increased the oxidative stability in O/W emulsions, irrespective of emulsifier charges. Oxidative stability in Tween 20-stabilized emulsions decreased in FeCl₃ and FeCl₂ concentration-dependent manner. However, oxidative stability in samples containing CTAB increased up to 0.5mM of FeCl₃ and FeCl₂ and then decreased, which implies that CTAB act differently during lipid oxidation compared to SDS and Tween 20.     

紫苏油乳液的制备及其稳定性影响因素研究

本研究针对紫苏油不饱和脂肪酸含量高,在储存过程中易氧化等特点,采用高压均质法制备紫苏油乳液,通过激光粒度仪分析乳液粒径大小与分布,通过TURBISCAN浓缩体系稳定性分析仪监测乳液稳定性的变化趋势,探究乳化剂用量、油水比例、高压均质的压力和循环次数及HLB值对紫苏油乳液稳定性的影响,以提供一种紫苏油缓释方法,拓宽紫苏油在食品中的应用范围。试验结果表明,紫苏油乳液粒径主要分布在300~670nm;乳化剂浓度由0.2%增加至1.2%,乳液粒径下降,稳定性提高;浓度为1.2%时,乳液平均粒径(d=513nm)最小。随着油水比增加,紫苏油乳液稳定性下降;高压均质过程对乳液的稳定性有显著影响,压力越大,循环次数越高,乳液越稳定。与单一乳化剂(HLB=15)相比,复配乳化剂(HLB=8~14)可制得更为稳定的乳液,且当HLB值为11时,紫苏油乳液的平均粒径(d=374nm)最小,乳液稳定性最佳。     

Food protein glycation: A review focusing on stability and in vitro digestive characteristics of oil/water emulsions

Recently, increasing studies have shown that the functional properties of proteins, including emulsifying properties, antioxidant properties, solubility, and thermal stability, can be improved through glycation reaction under controlled reaction conditions. The use of glycated proteins to stabilize hydrophobic active substances and to explore the gastrointestinal fate of the stabilized hydrophobic substances has also become the hot spot. Therefore, in this review, the effects of glycation on the structure and function of food proteins and the physical stability and oxidative stability of protein-stabilized oil/water emulsions were comprehensively summarized and discussed. Also, this review sheds lights on the in vitro digestion characteristics and edible safety of emulsion stabilized by glycated protein. It can further serve as a research basis for understanding the role of structural features in the emulsification and stabilization of glycated proteins, as well as their utilization as emulsifiers in the food industry.