Adaptive power allocation with quality-of-service guarantee in cognitive radio networks

This paper proposes a novel power control policy for a cognitive radio network as an effort to maximize throughput under the average interference power constraint. The underlined policy ensures delay-related quality of service (QoS) requirements with reduced interference to the primary user. In this work we also take into account the peak and average transmit power constraints for the secondary user. An optimization problem associated with the power control policy is formulated based on a cross-layer framework, where the queue on data link layer is serviced by the power control policy at the physical layer. A recursive algorithm under the power constraints is developed to solve for the optimal solution. It is shown that the reduction of average interference to the primary user is related closely to the QoS requirements. The analysis derives the average interference power limits to the primary user in fading channels with guaranteed QoS requirements for the secondary user. The numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed power control policy.     

异构蜂窝网络中联合功率控制的终端直通通信资源分配

针对异构蜂窝网络中终端直通（D2D）用户和小蜂窝用户复用宏蜂窝用户资源产生的干扰问题,提出一种联合功率控制的资源分配方案。首先,在满足用户信号干扰噪声比（SINR）和发射功率约束条件的前提下,根据系统干扰模型推导出每个D2D用户和小蜂窝用户复用宏蜂窝用户信道资源时的最优发射功率;其次,将用户的信道选择规划成用户和信道之间的双边匹配问题,采用延迟接受（Gale-Shapley）算法得到一个稳定的匹配解;最后,以所得的匹配解为初始条件,通过交换搜索算法进一步优化分配方案。仿真结果表明,该方案的系统总容量和能量效率分别是最优解的93.62%和92.14%,与随机资源分配方案、无功率控制和交换搜索的分配方案,以及有功率控制无交换搜索的分配方案相比,系统容量平均增幅分别为48.29%、15.97%和4.8%,系统能量效率平均增幅分别为62.72%、44.48%和4.45%。该方案能够达到近似最优的系统总容量,有效提高频率利用率和能量效率。     

潜铺型卫星认知通信中上行链路功率控制

针对卫星通信中存在有效信道远小于注册频率的情况,提出了以潜铺型认知无线电为技术依靠的卫星上行链路功率控制算法。该算法以次要用户所获吞吐量与付出代价之差为效用函数,通过次要用户作为参与者建立的博弈模型进行纳什均衡求解,得到最优功率分配策略。该策略可满足次要用户自身需求,亦不影响主要用户系统正常通信,能有效提高频带使用率。在性能方面,指出了次要用户系统容量和预留信噪比的关系。仿真结果表明,在主要用户系统容许范围内次要用户数量越多则其系统吞吐量和系统收益越大,最后讨论了算法的实现复杂度。     

存在信道相关及估计误差时V-BLAST系统的功率分配算法

针对信道相关及存在信道估计误差的垂直分层空时(Vertical bell lab layered space-time,V-BLAST)系统,提出以最小化误比特率(Bit error rate, BER)为优化目标的自适应功率分配算法。通过系统建模和性能分析,由接收信号子流的瞬时信干噪比(Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, SINR),推导出系统子流的平均BER闭式表达式。发送端在总功率约束条件下,以瞬时BER为优化目标,利用拉格朗日极值法得到自适应功率分配矩阵。仿真结果表明,信道相关及估计误差对V-BLAST系统的BER性能有极大影响,采用所提算法可显著改善系统的BER性能并更具实用性。     

Game theoretic distributed uplink power control for CDMA networks with real-time services

In this paper, the issue of efficient power allocation in the uplink of CDMA wireless networks supporting real-time services with various QoS constraints, is addressed. Within the proposed framework, utility functions are adopted to reflect a user’s degree of satisfaction with respect to its actual throughput requirements satisfaction and respective power consumption. The corresponding problem is formulated as a non-cooperative game where users aim selfishly at maximizing their utility-based performance under the imposed limitations. The existence and uniqueness of a Nash equilibrium point of the proposed Uplink Power Control (UPC) game is proven, at which all users have attained a targeted SINR threshold value or transmit with their maximum power, leading essentially to an SINR-balanced system. Moreover, a distributed iterative algorithm for reaching UPC game’s equilibrium is provided. The properties of equilibrium in a pure optimization theoretical framework are studied, and the tradeoffs between users’ overall throughput performance and real-time services’ QoS requirements satisfaction, in channel aware resource allocation processes, are revealed and quantified. Through modeling and simulation the efficacy of the introduced framework and proposed UPC algorithm are demonstrated and evaluated.     

认知无线网络的Rubinstein博弈频谱共享方法研究

针对传统的功率控制算法限制认知用户的发射功率而影响其服务质量(Quality of Service, QoS)的问题,提出了一种基于功率控制的多人Rubinstein博弈频谱分配算法。该算法通过牛顿迭代公式降低认知用户的发射功率并依据各个用户间的干扰得到相应的链路质量;将经济学中的贴现因子与用户的链路质量建立映射关系;通过链路质量调整认知用户子博弈顺序使得网络总传输速率达到一个相对稳定的状态。仿真结果表明:多个认知用户在同一信道下共享频谱时,采用多人Rubinstein博弈算法对系统的总传输速率有明显的提升,使系统处于稳定且高速的传输状态并节省了一半以上的频谱分配时间。     

一种基于QoE效用函数的资源分配算法

针对多用户MIMO-OFDM系统,立足业务体验方,给出了一种最大化用户QoE的资源分配算法。通过设计QoE效用函数,将用户QoE与系统QoS参数关联起来,在发送功率和目标误码率的约束条件下,以最大化用户平均QoE为目标,通过QoE效用函数获取用户当前时刻QoE增量,据此确定用户时频资源分配优先级,进而进行注水功率分配。仿真结果表明,该算法能够充分利用系统资源,有效提高用户平均QoE。     

Satisfying demands in a multicellular network: A universal power allocation algorithm

Power allocation to satisfy user demands, in the presence of large number of interferers (in a multicellular network), is a challenging task. Further, the power to be allocated depends upon the system architecture, for example upon components like coding, modulation, transmit precoder, rate allocation algorithms, available knowledge of the interfering channels, etc. This calls for an algorithm via which each base station in the network can simultaneously allocate power to their respective users so as to meet their demands (whenever they are within the achievable limits), using whatever information is available of the other users. The goal of our research is to propose one such algorithm which in fact is universal: the proposed algorithm works from a fully co-operative setting to almost no co-operation and or for any configuration of modulation, rate allocation, etc. schemes. The algorithm asymptotically satisfies the user demands, running simultaneously and independently within a given total power budget at each base station. Further, it requires minimal information to achieve this: every base station needs to know its own users demands, its total power constraint and the transmission rates allocated to its users in every time slot. We formulate the power allocation problem in a system specific game theoretic setting, define system specific capacity region and analyze the proposed algorithm using ordinary differential equation (ODE) framework. Simulations further confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. We also demonstrate the tracking abilities of the algorithm.     

联合考虑主用户QoS和安全约束下认知NOMA安全传输

本文研究了认知非正交多址接入(NOMA)网络中联合考虑主用户服务质量(QoS)约束和安全约束下次用户物理层安全传输.该网络中采用认知功率分配策略,优先保障主用户的QoS和安全性能.在此功率分配方案下,推导得出了次用户连接中断概率(COP)和安全中断概率(SOP)的闭式表达式,揭示了系统参数配置对次用户传输可靠性和安全性的影响关系,以及安全性-可靠性之间的折衷关系.仿真结果表明,较强的主用户安全约束恶化了次用户的安全性能,但是提升了次用户的安全-可靠折衷性能.     

非理想条件下OFDMA系统物理层安全的资源分配算法

针对OFDMA系统中用户QoS需求的差异性,提出了一种非理想状态下不同用户的资源分配算法,即求取用户携带比特数和发射功率最优解问题。基于自适应功率分配增益较小的情况,通过进行功率的平均分配来降低算法复杂度,基于吞吐量最大化原则,将剩余未分配的子载波分配给能获得最大传输速率的用户,提升系统的整体吞吐量水平。仿真结果表明:相对于其他传统资源分配算法,这个算法能够保证不同混合用户的最小传输速率要求的同时,有效提升算法的公平性。     

基于比例公平的多用户MIMO-OFDM系统自适应资源分配算法*

针对传统多用户MIMO-OFDM系统中自适应资源分配算法计算复杂度较高、实时性不强、无法保证用户间公平性等问题,提出了一种低复杂度的自适应子载波、比特及功率分配算法。在子载波分配上,该算法能够在兼顾比例速率约束的前提下使系统发射功率达到最小化;在比特及功率分配上,该算法将非线性优化问题转换为线性优化问题,在保证系统性能的同时显著降低计算量。仿真结果表明,该算法具有良好的性能,能够有效降低计算量,并使系统容量在用户间分配得更加公平和合理。     

不完全SIC下CR-NOMA系统的功率分配算法

在不完全连续干扰消除（SIC）条件下,对认知无线电-非正交多址混合系统中的次用户总传输速率进行研究,提出一种基于参数变换和KKT条件的功率分配算法。采用非正交多址方式使次用户接入授权信道,在主次用户服务质量、最大发射功率等约束条件下,通过参数变换对原约束条件进行改写设计新的优化问题,并利用KKT条件求解最优功率分配因子进而实现系统中次用户总传输速率的最大化。仿真结果表明,与CNPA算法和等功率分配算法相比,该算法可明显提高系统中次用户的总传输速率,并且对于不完全SIC具有更强的承受能力。     

多源多中继协作网络上行联合波束成形

在上行多用户中继网络中,针对中继协作波束成形与多天线基站联合优化的问题,本文提出了两种不同的但是具有一定相关性的设计方法。在第一种方法中,考虑在接收端SINR约束的情况下,使中继节点总功率最小化;在第二种方法中,研究在中继节点满足一定功率约束的情况下,使接收端SINR最大化。研究发现,基站线性接收器的最优权值矩阵决定于中继节点加权向量,进而可将多变量优化的复杂问题转化为单一变量优化问题。原问题进而可转化为半正定规划问题,可以用内点法方便的解决。仿真结果表明,与通过迭代运用凸优化求多向量的方法相比,该方法性能更优。     

基于DNA遗传优化的正交小波常模盲均衡算法

在上行多用户中继网络中,针对中继协作波束成形与多天线基站联合优化的问题,本文提出了两种不同的但是具有一定相关性的设计方法。在第一种方法中,考虑在接收端SINR约束的情况下,使中继节点总功率最小化;在第二种方法中,研究在中继节点满足一定功率约束的情况下,使接收端SINR最大化。研究发现,基站线性接收器的最优权值矩阵决定于中继节点加权向量,进而可将多变量优化的复杂问题转化为单一变量优化问题。原问题进而可转化为半正定规划问题,可以用内点法方便的解决。仿真结果表明,与通过迭代运用凸优化求多向量的方法相比,该方法性能更优。     

多用户MIMO系统中机会波束截断的信道反演

针对下行链路多用户MIMO系统,提出了一种简单的基于机会波束截断的信道反演方法。机会波束形成可以用最小的反馈获得MIMO系统慢衰落信道中下行链路的多用户分集增益和复用增益。在机会波束形成进行自适应信道截断的基础上,使各通信用户的信干噪比（SINR）相同,改善了系统的误比特率性能。仿真结果表明,总的用户数为30时,系统误比特率性能提高3~4 dB。信道反演比注水功率分配简单,降低了系统复杂度。     

一种非理想反馈MIMO-OFDM系统资源分配算法

针对多用户MIMO-OFDM系统资源分配问题,给出了一种基于非理想反馈的自适应子载波分配算法。由于实际系统中往往存在反馈时延和反馈误差,利用置信系数和等价方差模型来表征反馈信道状态信息的质量,以最大化系统和容量为目标,在发射总功率一定并满足误码率约束条件下,将子载波分配给信道增益最好的用户,然后对所有子载波进行注水功率分配。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法能够充分利用多用户的分集增益,有效地提高了系统和容量性能。     

能量收集无线网络中面向统计服务质量的最优功率分配

针对能量收集无线网络中的服务质量（QoS）保障问题,提出了面向统计QoS的最优功率分配方案,从而最大化时延QoS约束下的有效容量。首先,构建能量收集无线网络的有效容量最大化问题。其次,利用凸优化理论求解出最优功率分配方案以及该方案下的最大有效容量,并得出了两种特例下的最优功率分配方案,即：当QoS需求非常松弛时,最优化功率分配方案收敛于注水策略;当QoS需求非常严格时,最优化功率分配方案收敛于信道反转策略。然后,求解了所提最优功率分配方案得到的信道中断概率。最后,通过仿真实验,检验了该最优功率分配方案的性能。实验结果表明,与现有策略相比,所提方案能够获得更大的有效容量。     

认知无线电网络中感知时间与功率分配的优化

针对多协作用户多信道的情况,讨论了当信道增益固定时,各子信道之间检测时间、总检测时间与传输时间,以及各子信道之间功率分配的问题。区别于以往的单独优化算法,提出了各参数的联合优化算法。以信道容量为目标函数,给出了最优的时间和功率分配算法。实验结果表明,提出的算法能够实现频谱接入并且极大地提高了次用户系统的总信道容量。表明功率分配与信道上主用户占用的概率有关,而时间分配则与信道上主用户接收信噪比以及传输时自身的信噪比有关。在多认知用户网络中,参与合作的用户越多,接收与传输信噪比越高,次用户系统的总信道容量越大。对于认知无线电网络,还考虑了整体的实现。     

Multi-user rate and power analysis in a cognitive radio network with massive multi-input multi-output

This paper discusses transmission performance and power allocation strategies in an underlay cognitive radio (CR) network that contains relay and massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO). The downlink transmission performance of a relay-aided massive MIMO network without CR is derived. By using the power distribution criteria, the k^th user’s asymptotic signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) is independent of fast fading. When the ratio between the base station (BS) antennas and the relay antennas becomes large enough, the transmission performance of the whole system is independent of BS-to-relay channel parameters and relates only to the relay-to-users stage. Then cognitive transmission performances of primary users (PUs) and secondary users (SUs) in an underlay CR network with massive MIMO are derived under perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI), including the end-to-end SINR and achievable sum rate. When the numbers of primary base station (PBS) antennas, secondary base station (SBS) antennas, and relay antennas become infinite, the asymptotic SINR of the k^th PU and SU is independent of fast fading. The interference between the primary network and secondary network can be canceled asymptotically. Transmission performance does not include the interference temperature. The secondary network can use its peak power to transmit signals without causing any interference to the primary network. Interestingly, when the antenna ratio becomes large enough, the asymptotic sum rate equals half of the rate of a single-hop single-antenna K-user system without fast fading. Next, the PUs’ utility function is defined. The optimal relay power is derived to maximize the utility function. The numerical results verify our analysis. The relationships between the transmission rate and the antenna number, relay power, and antenna ratio are simulated. We show that the massive MIMO with linear pre-coding can mitigate asymptotically the interference in a multi-user underlay CR network. The primary and secondary networks can operate independently.     

基于认知OFDM系统的功率分配算法

在正交频分复用的认知无线电系统中,授权用户会受到认知用户频带内子载波带外功率泄漏的干扰。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于幂函数分布的次优化功率分配方案,通过线性约束的凸优化数值运算,有效降低了最优方案中运算的复杂度。给出了在认知用户发射功率约束条件下的信道吞吐量分析。仿真结果表明,所提出的方案在满足授权用户干扰门限约束条件下,提高了现有功率分配方案的认知用户信道吞吐量。