Capacity-aware multicast algorithms on heterogeneous overlay networks

The global deployment of IP multicast has been slow due to the difficulties related to heterogeneity, scalability, manageability, and lack of a robust interdomain multicast routing protocol. Application-level multicast becomes a promising alternative. Many overlay multicast systems have been proposed in recent years. However, they are insufficient in supporting applications that require any-source multicast with varied host capacities and dynamic membership. In this paper, we propose two capacity-aware multicast systems that focus on host heterogeneity, any source multicast, dynamic membership, and scalability. We extend Chord and Koorde to be capacity-aware. We then embed implicit degree-varying multicast trees on top of the overlay network and develop multicast routines that automatically follow the trees to disseminate multicast messages. The implicit trees are well balanced with the workload evenly spread across the network. We rigorously analyze the expected performance of multisource capacity-aware multicasting, which was not thoroughly addressed in any previous work. We also perform extensive simulations to evaluate the proposed multicast systems.     

多源异构环境下数据同步复制技术的研究

针对多源异构环境下数据的特点,提出一种数据同步复制新方案。该方案解决了多源异构环境下数据库的访问,数据的获取与复制,动态数据源的处理以及同步过程中数据冲突与同步的实时性等问题。最后将所提出的方案应用于某省高速公路车辆监控系统中,达到了实际应用要求,表明了该方案的正确性与有效性。     

基于混合覆盖网的可靠应用层组播方案

现有的应用层组播协议根据覆盖网的构建方法可分为网优先和树优先两种.提出了一种网.树混合的可靠应用层组播方案即M-THROM,该方案模型由一个核心网和多个附加树组成,包括了差错控制机制及拥塞控制机制,适合于大规模、低时延的可靠数据传输服务.仿真实验结果表明,该方案继承了网优先和树优先两种协议各自的优点,有良好的扩展性与较低的控制成本.     

Distributed multi-source streaming models in peer-to-peer overlay networks

A multimedia contents are distributed to peer computers (peers) and a contents peer which holds contents can provide other peers with the contents in peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay networks. Here, contents peers are mainly realized in less-reliable and low-performance personal computers. Multimedia streaming is more significant than downloading ways in multimedia applications from security and economical reasons. We discuss distributed multi-source streaming models to support peers with reliable and scalable multimedia streaming service. Here, a collection of multiple contents peers in parallel transmit packets of a multimedia content to a leaf peer to realize the reliability and scalability. Each of the contents peers send different packets from the other contents peers at slower rate. Even if not only some number of peers stop by fault and are degraded in performance but also some number of packets are lost and delayed in networks, a leaf peer has to receive every data of a content at the required rate. We discuss how to replicate data of a multimedia content by creating a parity packet for some number of packets and to allocate packets to each contents peer so that a leaf peer can deliver a packet without waiting for preceding packets from other contents peers in presence of the faults. Next, multiple contents peers are required to be synchronized to send packets to a leaf-peer so that the leaf-peer can receive every data of a content at the required rate. We discuss a pair of gossip-based flooding-based protocols, directed acyclic graph (DAG)-based coordination protocol (DCoP) and tree-based (TCoP) coordination protocol to synchronize multiple contents peers to send in parallel send to a leaf peer. First, some number of contents peers are selected and start transmitting packets to a leaf peer. Then, each of the selected peers selects some number of peers. Here, a peer can be selected by multiple peers in DCoP but by at most one peer in TCoP. Finally, every contents peer transmits packets to the leaf peer at the allocated rate. We evaluate the coordination protocols DCoP and TCoP in terms of how long it takes and how many messages are transmitted to synchronize multiple contents peers.     

基于主机的跨网段多播系统设计

多播是一种重要的群组通信技术,在许多领域正得到越来越广泛的应用.传统的多播服务由于实现在TCP/IP协议的网络层,跨网段的多播需要路由器的支持.给出了一种基于主机端应用程序的跨网段多播解决方案,在不改变现有网络结构的基础上,为处于不同子网的主机提供了群组通信服务.详细阐述了该解决方案的设计思想以及适用情况.     

基于Overlay网络的应用层组播系统的研究与实现

提出了一个基于覆盖网(Overlay Network)技术的应用层组播系统。它在Pastry构建的Overlay网络上实现,由Pastry支持完成应用层的路由和组播组的发布工作,同时利用Pastry的自组织功能来增强组播系统的鲁棒性。系统基于代理的结构,利用转发树的根节点进行集中式控制和管理组播组的创建,组成员的加入、离开、组播和失效等行为,在构建组播转发树时考虑到满足不同接收者对延时和带宽的不同要求,能够较好地支持实时的组播应用。     

Prioritized overlay multicast in mobile ad hoc environments

Many proposed routing protocols for manets require nodes to maintain and update complicated route information, which incurs significant overhead when groups have different priorities. To address this problem, some researchers have begun focusing on application-layer, or overlay, multicast in which an overlay network forms a virtual network consisting of only member nodes atop the physical infrastructure. We propose a prototype of prioritized overlay multicast for manets in which participating nodes can carry out multiple functions and thus be associated with more than one overlay tree.     

基于树与环应用层组播覆盖网的研究与比较

由于应用层组播在部署和实现方面的优势受到学术界的广泛关注.应用层组播协议在不同的覆盖网络拓扑结构(如树、网、环)下具有不同的性能特征.因此,比较应用层组播覆盖网的性能是评估覆盖网络拓扑优缺点的关键.在NS-2下对基于树、环的覆盖网络进行仿真.仿真结果表明,尽管环型覆盖网比树型覆盖网具有较高路径伸展度和较高链路强度,但在单个组播组成员失效或离开的情况下,它提供了恒定的、更低的节点度和较高数据传送率.     

基于覆盖组播的应用层组通信服务系统

网络层组播是提供一对多或者多对多通信的最佳方式,但是由于其在技术上和非技术上的原因难以在Inteme上部署。设计和实现了一种基于覆盖组播的组通信服务系统,为组通信应用提供组播服务。这个系统独立于路由器的组播机制,能够快速实现与应用系统的集成,而且能够利用多种传输协议,为构建基于Internet的组通信应用系统提供了有效的支持。     

An overlay multicast protocol for live streaming and delay-guaranteed interactive media

In many collaborative multimedia applications, there is often a requirement for simultaneously supporting live streaming and shareable interaction. A major challenge in designing such an application by overlay multicast is how to simultaneously provide scalable live streaming and delay-guaranteed interactive media. Live streaming by overlay multicast incurs additional application-layer latency, which conflicts with the delay-sensitive property of interactive media. To handle this dilemma, in this paper, we propose a layered degree-constrained overlay multicast protocol, which organizes the overlay multicast tree as a layered degree-constrained core tree and an extended tree. The core tree maintains available resources in its top layers for subsequent two-way interaction, whereas the extended tree expands the core tree for one-way live streaming. Our simulation and experimental results show that the proposed overlay multicast protocol can simultaneously provide delay-guaranteed interactive media as well as scalable live streaming.     

符合GSAKMP的覆盖多播水印协议的设计与分析

GSAKMP 是为多播群组安全所设计的一个密钥管理协议框架.在分析了 GSAKMP 密钥相关机制的基础上,结合多播水印的知识,对包括数据保密性和版权保护的安全覆盖多播水印协议的设计进行了研究,该协议适用于需要进行泄漏跟踪的流媒体传输.     

异构环境下数据库增量同步更新机制

分析企业数据集成中存在异构数据库的变化数据捕获与数据同步问题,对多种变更数据捕获方式进行比较,提出了一种将触发器和日志表相结合的变更数据捕获方法。设计了一种基于Web服务的分布式异构数据库增量同步更新机制,建立了中心数据库,通过事件驱动传输体系,将分布式数据库和中心数据库各自将捕获的增量数据进行同步,实现了分布式异构数据库增量同步更新系统原型。最后用实例对系统进行了测试,结果表明了该设计的可行性和合理性。     

Dynamic overlay multicast for live multimedia streaming in urban VANETs

Infotainment service has been a foreseeing trend in VANETs (Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks), and multimedia streaming has a high potential in VANET infotainment service. This paper considers the scenario of live multimedia streaming multicast to vehicles of the same group using a dynamic application layer overlay. Due to the willingness for cooperation of non-group nodes, application layer overlay multicast is more feasible than other kinds of multicast such as network-coding-based multicast and network-layer multicast. To adapt to high mobility and full of obstacles in urban VANETs, we propose an effective dynamic overlay multicast scheme for multimedia streaming, called OMV (Overlay Multicast in VANETs). The proposed OMV enhances an overlay’s stability with two strategies: (1) QoS-satisfied dynamic overlay and (2) mesh-structure overlay. The QoS-satisfied strategy to adjust the overlay selects potential new parents based on their streams’ packet loss rates and end-to-end delays. The mesh-structure strategy allows a child to have multiple parents. We evaluate the proposed OMV in urban VANETs with obstacles using two real video clips to demonstrate the feasibility of the OMV for real videos. Evaluation results show that comparing the proposed OMV to Qadri et al.’s work, which is a static mesh overlay and is the best method available in VANETs, the packet loss rate is reduced by 27.1% and the end-to-end delay is decreased by 11.7%, with a small control overhead of 2.1%, on average. Comparing the proposed OMV for tree overlays to ALMA, which is for dynamic tree multicast overlays and is also the best method available in MANETs, the packet loss rate is reduced by 7.1% and the end-to-end delay is decreased by 13.1%. In addition, to address the problem of obstacle-prone urban VANETs, we also derive feasible stream rates and overlay sizes for city maps with different road section sizes. To the best of our knowledge, how to organize and dynamically adjust an application layer multicast overlay for live multimedia streaming have not been studied in existing VANET literatures. In summary, to deal with highly dynamic topologies in urban VANETs, we propose a QoS-satisfied strategy for group nodes to switch to new parents that can offer better QoS. The proposed OMV is feasible for live multimedia streaming applications, such as emergency live video transmission and live video tour guides for passengers in different vehicles that belong to the same multicast group.     

面向服务的多源异构数据整合平台的设计

为了使中小企业租赁的各种在线应用系统间的数据能够进行有效地整合和共享,并且使企业员工和客户有统一的登陆点来访问企业租赁的各类信息化系统,研究了面向服务的体系架构,在此基础上设计了面向服务架构的数据整合平台。该平台使中小企业能够一站式对多个软件提供商提供的软件进行租赁,将平台作为使用这些应用系统的统一入口,中小企业可以在该平台中建立企业门户,自助整合企业所租赁的应用系统,有效地实现企业应用系统的整合。通过实例结果表明了该平台对不同软件提供商的数据整合的有效性。     

GMAC: An overlay multicast network for mobile agent platforms

The lack of proper support for multicast services in the Internet has hindered the widespread use of applications that rely on group communication services such as mobile software agents. Although they do not require high bandwidth or heavy traffic, these types of applications need to cooperate in a scalable, fair and decentralized way. This paper presents GMAC, an overlay network that implements all multicast related functionality–including membership management and packet forwarding–in the end systems. GMAC introduces a new approach for providing multicast services for mobile agent platforms in a decentralized way, where group members cooperate in a fair way, minimize the protocol overhead, thus achieving great scalability. Simulations comparing GMAC with other approaches, in aspects such as end-to-end group propagation delay, group latency, group bandwidth, protocol overhead, resource utilization and failure recovery, show that GMAC is a scalable and robust solution to provide multicast services in a decentralized way to mobile software agent platforms with requirements similar to MoviLog.     

基于MPLS的IP组播在Linux环境下的设计与实现

基于MPLS的IP组播是目前网络研究的热点问题之一,MPLS和IP组播技术的结合可以获得MPLS的高速率、QoS、流量工程、VPN和IP组播的带宽节省两方面的益处,MPLS和组播是两种互补的技术。在Linux环境下已经可以支持MPLS的单播技术,本文研究了在Linux单播环境下MPLS组播的一种扩展技术,介绍了其实现原理,关键技术,并给出了C语言的API。     

基于MPLS的IP组播在Linux环境下的设计与实现

基于MPLS的IP组播是目前网络研究的热点问题之一,MPLS和IP组播技术的结合可以获得MPLS的高速率、QoS、流量工程、VPN和IP组播的带宽节省两方面的益处,MPLS和组播是两种互补的技术.在Linux环境下已经可以支持MPLS的单播技术,本文研究了在Linux单播环境下MPLS组播的一种扩展技术,介绍了其实现原理,关键技术,并给出了C语言的API.     

Multicast tree rearrangement to recover node failures in overlay multicast networks

Overlay multicast makes use of the Internet as a low level infrastructure to provide multicast service to end hosts. The strategy of overlay multicast slides over most of the basic deployment issues associated with IP multicast, such as end-to-end reliability, flow and congestion control, and assignment of an unique address for each multicasting group.