Dogmatism and anxiety in relation to problem solving: An extension of Rokeach's results.

"This study involved a replication and extension of some of Rokeach's work on the relation of Dogmatism (D) and Anxiety (A) to performance in a problem solving task… . Consistent with previous results, Ss with very high D scores performed more poorly on the… problem… and a significant positive relation… was found between D scores and A scores… . A scores were unrelated to performance on [this]… task." From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HK12F. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Desirable attributes of work: Four levels of management describe their job environments.

"Four management levels… were asked to describe the extent to which 24 desirable conditions of work characterized their… job environments… . All… levels… in general reported a high incidence of desired conditions of work… . Decision Making and Implementation, was the area where desirable conditions… were reported to be least prevalent." Top echelons reported greater richness of job environments. Staff specialist indicated the least desirable conditions. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4LH56R. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Age differences: A developmental study of discriminability and affective response.

"A sample of… children… ranging in age from 4 to 6 was studied with regard to capacity to discriminate age differences and affective responses to stimulus persons varying in age. Each S was presented with two sets of stimulus faces of heterogenous ages with instructions to rank the photographs in terms of age, preference, and attractiveness… . Progressive increase in age discriminability were noted from ages 4 to 5… [with] a ceiling… [at] 5 to 6. Affective judgments with increasing age were in the direction of a more positive response to the younger faces… [esthetic preferences] were influenced… by… sex of the subject and of the photograph set." From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HJ21K. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of personality and status experience upon the valuation of unobtained statuses.

"An experiment was designed to test the effects of attained and unattained outcomes on the perception of subjective status by members of small groups… . Six groups… experienced all the outcomes… and the subjects in the remaining groups experienced the outcomes in only one of the… middle status positions… . Three variables were investigated: the presence of unattained outcomes for subjects in the status system, perception by the subjects of the possibility of status mobility, and a personality measure… . It was found that the personality variable was instrumental in the differential perception by subjects of attained and unattained outcomes." From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4GE47G. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Competence and conformity in the acceptance of influence.

"A study was conducted to test the relationship between competence on a group task and conformity or nonconformity to procedural norms in determining a person's ability to influence other group members… . Influence was measured by the number of trials… in which the confederate's recommended solution was accepted as the group's choice… . a significant increase in his influence occurred as the trials progressed… . Past conformity… was also found to be positively and significantly related to the acceptance of his influence… . there was a statistically significant interaction between past and current nonconformity." From Psyc Abstracts 36:02:2GE65H. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Interpersonal attraction and attitude similarity.

It "was hypothesized that (a) a stranger who is known to have attitudes similar to those of the subject is better liked than a stranger with attitudes dissimilar to those of the subject, (b)… is judged to be more intelligent, better informed, more moral, and better adjusted… and (c)… is evaluated more positively on… four [other] variables." The first 2 hypotheses were confirmed. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4GE13B. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The effects of father-absence on Norwegian boys and girls.

The effects of father-absence on boys and girls was investigated in Norwegian (sailor) families where the father was absent for 1 or 2 years and "compared with otherwise similar (Norwegian) families (of the same area) in which the father was present. The following hypotheses were made and generally supported by the findings:… father-absent boys… would show immaturity… . Being insecure in their identification with the father, father-absent boys would show stronger strivings toward father-identification… [and] compensatory masculinity… would demonstrate poorer peer/adjustment… [and] father-absent girls… would become more dependent on the mother than would father-present girls." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cognitive risk and environmental change.

"It is the objective of the present paper to examine wherein breadth of categorizing reflects the manner in which people deal with the risk of errors of judgment—specifically, the risk of saying that things are similar when they might be different, or that they are different when they might be similar… . Our central interest is in the specific behavior of broad and narrow categorizers in a highly simplified judging task. Two questions concern us. The first… with consistency of preference for broad and narrow categorizing in a stable stimulus situation… [and the] consistent manner in which… categorizers alter their judgments in the face of changes in the stimulus situations… . The narrow categorizer appears to prefer the risk… possibly being wrong… . The broad categorizer prefers the risk of not reacting to change and possibly being wrong." From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HE31B. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Relationships between self-acceptance and sociometric choice.

"Lipsitt's… [see 34: 4134] Self-Concept and Ideal-Self scales and two Sociometric scales were given to fourth, sixth, and eighth grade subjects… Acceptance of others, acceptance by others, and acceptance by best friends were curvilinearly related to self-concept scores… . trends were not significantly different in different grades or sexes… . Acceptance by others was more strongly related to self-concept than was acceptance by best friends… . The sociometric measures were not significantly related to the discrepancy between ideal-self and self-concept scores suggesting that the discrepancy score obtained by subtraction may not be a valid measure of self-acceptance." From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4FF72R. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Antisemitism and the expression of fantasy aggression.

"In order to test a hypothesis derived from the scapegoat theory of prejudice [Dollard, et al, 1939], two groups… chosen on the basis of… high and… low scores on the Levinson Anti-Semitism Scale, [A-S] were subjected to an aggression arousing situation. Following aggression arousal a specially designed fantasy test was administered, which yielded measures of aggression expressed toward fantasy characters with Jewish or non-Jewish names. Control subjects, matched with Arousal group subjects on… A-S scores, took the fantasy test without prior aggression arousal. Aggression arousal produced significant differences in the fantasy aggression of High and Low A-S subjects… . [supporting] the hypothesis that persons high in anti-Semitism have a greater… tendency… to displace aggression selectively onto Jews." From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4GD54W. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The stability of the self-concept in adolescence.

"A study of the stability of the self-concept over two years in adolescence resulted in the following conclusions:… Relative stability… was demonstrated… between Q sorts… . Subjects whose self-concept was negative at the first setting were significantly less stable in self-concept than subjects whose self-concept was positive… . Subjects who persisted in a negative self-concept over the two year period gave evidence of significantly more maladjustment." 16 refs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some biographical determiners of participation in group discussion.

To identify biographical factors that would differentiate participants from nonparticipants in a community group discussion, both biographical and discussion data were collected from 324 members of seven groups. "The reliable predictors… were: Socioeconomic status… familiarity with the discussion area… and group affiliation… . A high or positive rating was associated with a tendency to participate in group discussion… . The two factors having the greatest number of significant associations with the remaining [ones] were education and leadership." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

GSR conditioning, anxiety, and extraversion.

"Hypotheses by Eysenck and Spence relating GSR conditioning to extraversion and anxiety, respectively, were examined… [Ss] scoring on the extremes of anxiety and extraversion were selected… . Using a conditioned response amplitude measure,… a significant positive relationship was found between anxiety and conditioning. No significant relationship was found between extraversion and conditioning… . The results give clear support to Spence's theory while failing to support that of Eysenck." From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4CG27B. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Creativity and primary process: A study of adaptive regression.

"The present paper reports a study of relationships between expression and control of primary process material… and quality of productions in a variety of tests of imagination… . Scores reflecting the quality of imaginative productions were derived from the following tests: TAT, Science Test, Humor Test, Rorschach, Animal Drawing, and Guilford's Brick Uses and Consequences Test… . Amount of expression of primary process and affectiveness of control over such expression were shown to be statistically independent… . Implications of the findings in relation to creativity as it is encountered in natural, nonexperimental, settings was discussed." From Psyc Abstracts 36:02:2HD70P. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Perceived characteristics of elected representatives.

"The present study deals with the perceived personal characteristics of members who are preferred by their peers to serve as spokesman in decision making interaction with representatives elected by other groups… . Results show clear-cut differences and are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that members do elect as representatives those whom they see as possessing superior procedural skill and intellectual competence… . [They] are not more outstanding than members least preferred in terms of… emotional characteristics such as helping, harmonizing, or making others feel at ease. Rather they are seen as personally 'strong'… dominating… resisting conformity pressures, and facing up to problems rather than running away from them." From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4GF93B. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of high intensity noise on retention.

48 male Ss practiced 3 verbal learning tasks under quiet and high intensity sound conditions (111 db. approximately flat to 6000 cps). It was concluded that: "1. Noise of the intensity and frequencies employed in this experiment does not significantly affect the recall of verbal material learned under controlled conditions. 2. The recall of material learned by means of auditory stimulation is not interfered with by noise to a greater extent than the recall of material learned by visual stimulation. 3. According to… subjective reports… the noise stimulus… aroused [disturbing] minimal reactions… . 4. Subjective reports… indicated some initial disturbances… but that adaptation was quickly achieved." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The attribution of similarity: The influence of success and failure.

"One subject in… [a] pair was informed that he had earned high percentile scores on… [tasks], while the other subject was told he had earned low scores. Each subject then received a partially completed Allport-Vernon-Lindzey test booklet designed either to be identical with or systematically dissimilar to the one completed by the subject 6 or more weeks earlier… . he was to complete the booklet as he believed his colleague had. Degree of similarity attributed was defined as the absolute difference between own and attributed score on a… scale… . The results revealed that failure subjects attributed greater similarity to their colleagues than did successful subjects, particularly with respect to presumably dissimilar colleagues." From Psyc Abstracts 36:02:2GE19S. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Perceived differences in task competence and asymmetry of dyadic influence.

A "task, in which perceptions of differential task competence were induced, was followed by the… task of judging the magnitudes of 100 stimuli… . [The] induction of perceptions of differential prior task competence failed to produce a significant degree of asymmetry of influence during the subsequent task… . [A] second experiment was designed and conducted. The prior task was replaced by one of greater similarity to the subsequent task, and instructions were rewritten in order to emphasize this similarity… . [This] yielded a highly significant degree of asymmetry of influence. It is concluded that perceived task competence is an important determinant of the amount and direction of social influence, but that its effectiveness depends… on perceived task similarity." From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4GE05C. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Frustration, aggression, and murder.

"… 51 male murderers and their 51 nearest-age brothers were investigated with respect to frustration in infancy, childhood, and adolescence… . The central hypothesis was: There is a significant positive relationship between the amount of frustration experienced by persons in infancy, childhood, and adolescence… and whether or not they later commit murder… . [The results showed that] significantly more murderers than control brothers scored high on the Indices of Physical, Psychological, and General Frustration." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)