双频率调制谐振式光纤陀螺谐振谷分裂现象研究

谐振式光纤陀螺(Resonator Fiber Optic Gyro,R-FOG)是利用光纤环形谐振腔的Sagnac效应实现对转动角速度检测的一种高精度惯性传感器件.双频率锯齿波组合调制技术可应用于谐振式光纤陀螺数字处理系统.实验发现,在基于双频率锯齿波组合调制技术的R-FOG系统中,对激光器输出光频率进行扫描时,在示波器上观察到光纤环形谐振腔的谐振曲线会分裂成两个谐振谷.利用频谱分析与光波场叠加原理相结合的方法对光纤环形谐振腔的输出光场进行了具体推导和仿真分析,并对谐振谷分裂现象的物理原因作了解释.仿真分析发现,光纤环形谐振腔的谱线宽度越窄或两个锯齿波组合调制频率相差越大,谐振谷分裂现象越明显.最后对这种谐振谷分裂现象进行了具体测试,实验测试结果和理论分析结果一致.     

正弦波调制对谐振式陀螺中谐振信号的影响

谐振式光纤陀螺（R—FOG）是利用光学Sagnac效应实现对转动角速度检测的一种高精度惯性传感器件。理论分析了正弦波调制特性,搭建了光学微谐振腔的调制解调实验系统,实验对比了正弦波、锯齿波、三角波3种调制波形对谐振信号信噪比的影响,得出了正弦波调制效果最好,提高了谐振信号的信噪比。针对不同调制幅度和频率条件下的正弦波调制对谐振信号的影响进行了测试,得出了调制幅度和调制频率对谐振信号的影响,为光学微谐振腔在谐振式陀螺系统应用中相位调制选择最佳的参数提供了参考。     

谐振式光纤陀螺偏振波动噪声的温度特性

光纤环形谐振腔环境温度变化带来的偏振波动噪声是影响谐振式光纤陀螺检测精度的主要光学噪声源之一,通过控制谐振腔温度,可以使偏振波动噪声得到有效抑制.为了抑制偏振波动噪声,减小R-FOG精度受FRR温度变化的影响,从理论上分析了谐振腔温度变化对谐振曲线、解调曲线的影响;针对不同温度下光纤环的谐振特性、解调曲线特性、陀螺零偏及零偏稳定性开展了实验,并对实验结果进行了分析.结果表明,谐振腔的工作温度为27.00℃时,两本征偏振态相距最远,总谐振曲线关于谐振频率点对称,谐振频率点检测误差可以忽略;陀螺零偏稳定性近似等于谐振腔温度为25.50℃时的1/100,在150 s的采样时间内达到0.07°/s,陀螺检测精度得到很大提高.     

谐振式陀螺检测信号调制技术研究

谐振式光纤陀螺（Resonator Fiber Optic Gyro,R-FOG）是基于Sagnac效应产生的谐振频率差来测试旋转角速率的一种新型传感器。实验对比了三种调制波形对谐振信号信噪比的影响,分析了锯齿波调制中复位脉冲问题以及三角波调制中的瞬态响应问题,确定了正弦波为最佳调制波形,提高了谐振信号的信噪比。在陀螺系统的锁频环路中,通过正弦波调制、解调得到了用于边带锁频（PDH）技术稳频的解调曲线,验证了正弦波调制方法的可行性及优越性。     

调制信号工作频率对谐振式光纤陀螺影响的研究

在谐振式光纤陀螺中,为了解决模拟调制中对锯齿波的回扫时间和线性度的苛刻要求,提高陀螺的检测精度和标度因数的线性度,往往采用数字调制,即采用阶梯波替代锯齿波作为相位调制器的控制信号.从理论上推导了数字调制信号的工作频率与探测器输出光强之间的关系,并利用Simulinking软件仿真了调制信号工作频率对陀螺输出信号的动态范围、陀螺的检测灵敏度和谐振腔输出信号的影响,指出在陀螺系统的实际设计时,应综合考虑以上三方面的影响,合理选取调制频率的大小.     

Research on frequency tracking and locking for resonant optical gvro based on minimization of light source

谐振式光学陀螺是一种基于Sagnac效应的高精度新型角速度传感器,通过检测谐振腔顺逆时针两路光路的谐振频差得到角速度.谐振式光学陀螺的小型化关键是实现光源的小型化.基于半导体窄线宽小型化光源调制方式的特点,分析了谐振谷的频率跟踪锁定问题,实现了陀螺的频率跟踪控制.     

数字闭环光纤陀螺的死区分析和抑制方案研究

死区现象是闭环光纤陀螺特有的现象,它使陀螺输出具有明显的非线性,严重影响闭环光纤陀螺的测量精度;文章采用了中值滤波的方法消除输入信号中的误差信息,同时,又通过控制D/A转换器的参考电压的方式,对阶梯波2π复位电压进行修正,到达消除死区现象的效果;从实验结果对比可以看出,该方法有效抑制了陀螺死区现象的发生。     

谐振式光学陀螺小型化光源频率跟踪锁定研究

谐振式光学陀螺是一种基于Sagnac效应的高精度新型角速度传感器,通过检测谐振腔顺逆时针两路光路的谐振频差得到角速度。谐振式光学陀螺的小型化关键是实现光源的小型化。基于半导体窄线宽小型化光源调制方式的特点,分析了谐振谷的频率跟踪锁定问题,实现了陀螺的频率跟踪控制。     

一种新型谐振式MOEMS陀螺的设计及分析

提出一种新型的利用空间光路敏感Sagnac效应的谐振式MOEMS陀螺,设计了利用微镜构成的光学谐振腔.此结构具有小型化优势,可利用MOEMS工艺进行加工.理论分析了光源及谐振腔参数对陀螺基本探测极限的影响,指导参数设计,得到陀螺的极限灵敏度为1.54°/h.通过模式匹配理论对谐振腔型式进行了改进,减小了谐振腔损耗.进行了谐振腔原理验证实验,观察到谐振曲线.最后对微谐振腔的加工工艺进行了讨论.     

外腔半导体激光器在谐振式光学陀螺中的应用研究

陀螺是一种高精度的惯性传感器件,作为第二代陀螺的谐振式光纤陀螺,在理论上精度高于第一代干涉型光学陀螺。但是谐振式光学陀螺对光源有一个苛刻的要求,需要光源的调谐范围要宽,线宽要窄。一般达到要求的光源体积都很大,不利于谐振陀螺的小型化和成品化。基于谐振式陀螺的检测原理,提出了一种基于外腔半导体激光器的谐振陀螺控制方案,对光源的调制信号进行了分析,提出了温度恒定,控制电流的控制方案。并对外腔激光器电流特性和谐振陀螺入谷信号进行了分析。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.