食用油中持久性有机污染物的研究进展

对食用油中持久性有机污染物的来源、检测技术进行了综述，以期为食用油中持久性有机污染物风险防控技术研究提供参考。     

“食品中持久性有机污染物研究”专题征稿

"日本米糠油事件"的元凶多氯联苯、曾在欧洲引起鸡肉污染事件轩然大波的二恶英、去年底沸沸扬扬的"白酒闹鬼"事件——酒鬼酒被检出的塑化剂"邻苯二甲酸酯类"等持久性有机污染物对生态系统、环境和人体健康的负面影响日益凸现,因而引起各国学者的高度重视和全球社会的普遍关注。鉴于此,本刊特别策划了"食品中持久性有机污染物研究"专题,由国家食品安全风险评估中心的李敬光教授担任专题主编,围绕持久性有机污染物的分析鉴定方法、化学与生物检测技术、迁移转化降解机制、累     

三重四极杆气质联用法(TSQ8000)测定 水产品中6种多氯联苯

1.前言多氯联苯(PCBs-polychlorinated biphenyls)是一类苯环上与碳原子连接的氢被氯取代的联苯化合物,拥有209个异构体和同系物,是环境持久性有机污染物之一,被列为斯德哥尔摩公约中优先控制的12类持久性有机污染物之一。PCBs是重要的内分泌干扰物,具有致畸、致癌和致突变性,是危害人类健康的重要有机污染物。与常规污染物不同,该类持久性有机污染物在自然环境中极难降解,并能通过水或空气等载体转移,导致了在全球范围的污染传播。目前,对PCBs的检测处理大多采用气相色谱仪或气质联用仪。但气相色谱法检测的选择性和特异性差,气质联用法     

持久性有机污染物与造纸工业

针对全国范围的持久性有机污染物(POPs)调查,介绍持久性有机污染物的特性及对人类健康的危害性,重点讨论造纸行业中POPs的来源,最后总结了有效消减造纸业POPs的方法和技术。     

纺织品中持久性有机污染物(POPs)的分析

持久性有机污染物(Persistent Organic Pollutants,简称POPs)是一系列在环境中长期残留和长距离迁移,具有脂溶性和生物蓄积性,对人类和野生动植物有高毒的含碳化合物.尽管在20世纪60年代人类对持久性有机污染物的概念、特性和危害还不是很清楚,但当时已有人在呼吁关注持久性有机污染物的早期代表DDT等有机氯农药对人类健康和未来发展的影响,随着科学研究和人类认识的深入,在各个领域禁用持久性有机污染物在全球已形成共识.     

持久性有机污染物在中国的环境监测现状

持久性有机污染物对自然环境和人们的生命健康危害是巨大的,与其他种类的污染物质相比,持久性有机污染物具有一定的特性.当前中国对持久性有机物的监测工作包含大气、水源和土壤环境监测,为了打造更好的自然环境,要求增强对持久性有机物的治理工作.     

纸制品中多氯联苯检测技术研究综述

多氯联苯(PCBs)是一类持久性有机污染物,随再生纸的使用容易引入纸制品中,对消费者健康造成威胁。文章综合介绍目前PCBs在实验室检测中的前处理方法与检测方法,为今后的检测研究提供参考。     

EPIsuite对皮革行业化学品持久性有机污染评价的应用研究

参考《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》中对持久性污染物(POPs)的确定标准,结合皮革化学品的实际情况,建立了合适的POPs评价标准。利用计算机软件EPISuite,建立了适用于皮革行业化学品持久性有机污染的评价方法。该评价方法同样适用于对皮革化学品的预警性筛选,可以从源头上对污染物质进行控制,有利于皮革行业的绿色发展。     

持久性有机污染物膳食摄入的研究进展

持久性有机污染物(POPs)在环境中能够普遍存在并且通过食物链能够富集,已经影响到了食品的安全。由于人们通过膳食摄入持久性有机污染物是一个主要的因素,所以人们在日常膳食的过程中持久性有机污染物在一定程度上对人们的健康存在着潜在健康风险。本文综述了近年来国内外有关人们通过膳食摄入不同POPs的膳食暴露情况,包括持久性有机氯农药、二噁英及其类似物、多溴联苯醚、全氟有机化合物等,并且将不同国家和地区的人们对这些化合物膳食摄入量的不同进行了比较和分析。在此基础上,评估了人们对不同POPs膳食摄入的健康风险,希望为进一步开展和健康风险评估相关的研究提供依据。     

纺织品及皮革中短链氯化石蜡检测方法的研究进展

短链氯化石蜡(SCCPs)是一类含碳原子数10-13的正构烷烃氯化衍生而成的复杂混合物。SCCPs毒性大,且能在生物体中累积,因此被联合国环保署列入《关于持久性有机污染物(POPs)的斯德哥尔摩公约》禁止使用的持久性有机污染物清单之中。本文针对纺织品及皮革中短链氯化石蜡检测方法的研究现状、进展及存在的问题进行了总结,以便为我国在此方面的开展研究提供参考。     

我国母乳中持久性有机污染物机体负荷研究进展

母乳是世界卫生组织推荐的作为人生物监测的理想基质,也是履行《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》成效评估的主要基质。为评估普通人群持久性有机污染物机体负荷水平及履约成效评估需要,我国自2007年以来连续开展母乳监测工作,重点对多氯代二苯并二噁英和多氯代二苯并呋喃、多氯联苯、多溴二苯醚等典型持久性有机污染物开展相关监测。获得了表征我国普通人群机体负荷水平的代表性数据以及时空分布状况,为我国履约工作提供了有力支撑。     

Multivariate data analyses of persistent organic pollutants in maternal adipose tissue in Singapore

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were detected in 88 maternal adipose tissue samples collected during year 2004 to 2006, in Singapore. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were the most dominant followed by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Multivariate data analyses (MVA) including principal component analysis (PCA), partial least-squares regression (PLSR), and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied to elucidate the relationship between concentrations of POPs in adipose tissues and donors' characteristics. Food consumption played the most significant role in accounting for levels of POPs in adipose tissue. Fish and poultry consumption was the route of PCBs and PBDEs in mothers in Singapore, while beta-HCH came mainly from vegetables. An age-dependent accumulation of POPs was found for beta-HCH and PCB congeners, and lactation and gestation functioned as a decontamination processes for PCBs in adipose tissue. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may change the profile of POPs in adipose tissue, probably due to an alteration in lipid metabolism. POPs investigated here may not be the cause of antenatal complication in pregnant women, and baby gender was not related to the pattern of contaminants in maternal adipose tissue.     

Oceanic biogeochemical controls on global dynamics of persistent organic pollutants

Understanding and quantifying the global dynamics and sinks of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is important to assess their environmental impact and fate. Air-surface exchange processes, where temperature plays a central role in controlling volatilization and deposition, are of key importance in controlling global POP dynamics. The present study is an assessment of the role of oceanic biogeochemical processes, notably phytoplankton uptake and vertical fluxes of particles, on the global dynamics of POPs. Field measurements of atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), and furans (PCDFs) are combined with remote sensing estimations of oceanic temperature, wind speed, and chlorophyll, to model the interactions between air-water exchange, phytoplankton uptake, and export of organic matter and POPs out of the mixed surface ocean layer. Deposition is enhanced in the mid-high latitudes and is driven by sinking marine particulate matter, rather than by a cold condensation effect. However, the relative contribution of the biological pump is a function of the physical-chemical properties of POPs. It is concluded that oceanic biogeochemical processes play a critical role in controlling the global dynamics and the ultimate sink of POPs.     

Persistent organic pollutants in fish: biomonitoring and cocktail effect with implications for food safety

The impact of anthropogenic wastes of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on the marine environment has increased in the last decades. POPs include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCs). To assess the levels of these POPs in the wild fish population, pelagic and benthopelagic predator fish species were selected as biomonitors. For detection and quantification of POPs in muscular tissues, a simple extraction through Accelerated-Solvent-Extraction (ASE) with an ‘in-line’ clean up purification approach was applied, followed by a GC–MS/MS analysis. Concentrations of sum DDT, sum HCH and endrin correlated with all PCB concentrations. Significant differences among fish species were found for all OCs and all PCBs except PCB 31 and 101. Blackspot seabream had the highest PCB concentrations; OCs were highest in tuna. Due to major concerns regarding fish population losses and the possible human chronic exposure to contaminated fish, studies addressing combined effects of multiple POPs (‘cocktail effect’) should be implemented. Our data motivate further experimental and observational studies in fish to define adequate baseline levels for cumulative human exposure and potential role of these contaminants for food safety.     

Modeling persistent organic pollutant (POP) partitioning between tree bark and air and its application to spatial monitoring of atmospheric POPs in mainland China

A mathematical model describing the bark/air partitioning of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was established taking into consideration the accumulation processes of POPs from air into bark and compound-, species-, and site-specific air-to-bark accumulation factors. It allows the assessment of the concentrations of atmospheric POPs based on those recorded in tree bark. The spatial distribution of atmospheric POPs including 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Sigma18PAHs), 5 organic chlorinated pesticides (Sigma5OCPs), 10 polychlorinated biphenyls (Sigma10PCBs), and 17 brominated flame retardants (Sigma17BFRs) were investigated by analyzing 163 bark samples from 68 sites across mainland China. The atmospheric POPs were estimated to be 4.1-399 ng/m3 air, and 11.3-553, 4.5-130, and 0.9-624 pg/m3 air with geometric means of 71 ng/m3 air, and 99,26, and 25 pg/m3 airfor Sigma18PAHs, Sigma5OCPs, Sigma10PCBs, and Sigma17BFRs, respectively, based on those recorded in the tree barks of 5.1-1770, 0.05-12.9, 0.21-21.6, and 0.02-48.3 ng/g bark on dry weight basis, with geometric means of 295, 1.47, 3.12, and 2.79 ng/g bark. These results generally indicated that contamination by atmospheric POPs is more serious in eastern and mid China than that in western China.     

我国大闸蟹中二噁英类持久性有机污染物的暴露水平研究

目的研究我国大闸蟹中二噁英类持久性有机污染物(persistent organic pollutants,POPs)的暴露水平,评估大闸蟹中二噁英类POPs的主要污染来源。方法样品经正己烷和二氯甲烷(1:1,V:V)提取,浓硫酸沉淀脂类杂质后,过复合硅胶柱和碱性氧化铝柱净化分离目标物。采用同位素稀释高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱法(isotope dilution high resolution gas chromatograph-high resolution mass spectrometer,isotope dilution HRGC-HRMS)分析大闸蟹及其食物源中二噁英和多氯联苯的含量。结果蟹肉中二噁英类POPs的总毒性当量(toxic equivalent,TEQ)为0.0092～1.65 pg TEQ/g,平均浓度为0.27 pg TEQ/g。蟹黄(蟹膏)中二噁英类POPs的TEQ浓度水平为1.3～15 pg TEQ/g,平均浓度是蟹肉中平均TEQ值的21倍。估算一亩蟹塘中的物料平衡,发现饲料中二噁英类POPs的TEQ值是大闸蟹的0.85倍,玉米、水草和水仅贡献蟹塘中TEQ输入的4.7%,不考虑生物过程,沉积物中TEQ输入是饲料输入的77倍。结论蟹塘中二噁英类POPs的TEQ输入量高于其输出量,其中沉积物是大闸蟹中二噁英类POPs的主要贡献者,定期清理和更换养殖蟹塘中的沉积物可有效减少大闸蟹对二噁英类POPs的暴露。     

Field deployment of thin film passive air samplers for persistent organic pollutants: a study in the urban atmospheric boundary layer

This paper reports on the first field deployment of rapidly equilibrating thin-film passive air samplers under ambient conditions. The POlymer-coated Glass (POG) samplers have a coating of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) less than 1 microm thick applied to a glass surface. This can be dissolved off after exposure and prepared for the quantification of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that have partitioned into the film during field exposure. In this study, POGs were deployed at various heights on the CN Tower in Toronto, Canada, to investigate the vertical distribution of selected compounds (PCBs, PAHs, organochlorine pesticides) in the atmospheric boundary layer of an urban area. The feasibility of the method to detect POPs from a few cubic meters of air was demonstrated, indicating the potential for rapid, low-volume sampling of air for ambient levels of POPs. PAH levels declined sharply with height, confirming ground-level emissions in urban areas as sources of these compounds; PCBs did the same, although less strongly. Different sampling events detected different vertical distributions of OC pesticides which could be related to local or distantsources, and variations in POPs on the samplers in these different events/heights demonstrate the dynamic nature of sources and atmospheric mixing of POPs.