钢铁生产环境负荷的累积对比分析评价

根据国内钢铁生产的特点，定义了综合相对环境指数IREI，并在此基础上建立了钢铁生产环境负荷评价的累积对比模型。将该模型应用到国内几种典型的钢铁生产流程评价中，结果表明，评价结果具有可对比性，可以定量化；与高炉－转炉流程相比，直接还原铁的IREI值为0．615，电炉流程吨粗钢的IREI值分别为0．513（特钢），具有较明显的环境优势；此外，以废钢为原料的电炉钢普钢流程的环境负荷也明显小于高炉－转炉流程，其吨粗钢IREI值为0．504。     

钢铁生产流程环境负荷评价体系的研究方法

针对钢铁生产过程中的环境问题，建立了关于钢铁生产流程环境负荷的基本概念、评价指标和指标体系，引入LCA方法和产品生命周期的概念，提出了钢铁产品半生命周期评价方法，应用这种方法分析了我国钢铁工业中一种典型生产流程的环境负荷问题。     

典型钢铁生产流程的环境负荷分析

借鉴和应用产品生命周期评价方法分析钢铁生产流程的环境负荷，建立了关于钢铁生产流程环境负荷的基本概念、评价指标和指标体系，通过对两类典型钢铁生产流程环境负荷的对比分析，研究不同生产流程对环境负荷产生的影响，指出降低环境负荷的方向和途径，为钢铁企业优化生产流程、降低环境负荷提供指导和参考。     

钢铁材料环境负荷数据集的研究

环境负荷数据集的研究与开发是生命周期(LCA)的重要研究方向,也是LCA应用的基础.本研究是在搜集我国钢铁材料环境负荷数据的基础上,按照ISO14000的规范和LCA国际数据交换的通用格式,建立了我国钢铁材料环境负荷数据集,并以ECOSPOLD格式、Excel电子表格和文本报告的形式提供给最终用户.     

典型钢铁生产流程的环境负荷分析

借鉴和应用产品生命周期评价方法分析钢铁生产流程的环境负荷,建立了关于钢铁生产流程环境负荷的基本概念、评价指标和指标体系,通过对两类典型钢铁生产流程环境负荷的对比分析,研究不同生产流程对环境负荷产生的影响,指出降低环境负荷的方向和途径,为钢铁企业优化生产流程、降低环境负荷提供指导和参考。     

汽车用特殊钢的性能及使用

钢铁材料的基本特性是强度高、价格低廉（与其它金属材料比较），而且对环境友好（既不污染环境又可循环使用），故作为基础材料，一直被广泛用于各个领域。汽车也不例外，一直大量使用钢铁材料，其中要求高强度的部件主要采用机械结构用碳（C）素钢、非调质钢、表面渗C钢、弹簧钢等特殊钢，还进行了能满足各种部件要求性能的技术开发。     

高炉流程与电炉流程的环境性能比较

高炉-转炉流程和电炉流程是钢铁生产的两个主要流程。以某钢铁联合企业两个流程的实际数据为依据,利用生命周期评价方法比较转炉钢水、电炉钢水以及两个流程产品的环境负荷差别,并且分析钢铁联合企业两个流程的结构变化对企业环境负荷总量的影响。     

炼铁生产环境负荷分析和预测研究

利用寿命周期评价的思想，计算了炼铁生产过程中的环境负荷，并分析了各因素对环境负荷的影响，运用神经网络对炼铁生产过程环境负荷进行了预测。     

树立环境材料意识重视钢材发展战略

从钢铁冶金工业发展和资源环境合理利用出发,简要介绍了环境材料的基本概念和钢铁工业的环境影响评价,阐述了基于再生循环的钢材发展趋势及其影响,指出了钢材冶金工业环境材料化途径。     

墙体对噪声衰减的影响研究

开展环境噪声影响评价时，需进行噪声衰减值的计算。在《环境影响评价技术导则－声环境》（HJ／T2．4－1995）中未给出各种结构墙体的隔衰减值，给实际工作带来了一定困难，本文根据多年的工作经验，同时结合噪声学的有关文献，对各咱结构墙体声衰减情况进行了分析讨论，提出了相应的隔声衰减值，可供噪声环境影响评价参考。     

Fatigue crack growth behavior of pressure vessel steels and submerged arc weldments in a high-temperature pressurized water environment

The fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) properties of SA508 C1 2a and SA533 Gr A C1 2 pressure vessel steels and the corresponding automatic submerged are weldments were developed in a high-temperature pressurized water (HPW) environment at 288 °C (550°F) and 7.2 MPa (1044 psi) at load ratios of 0.02 and 0.50. The HPW enviromment FCGR properties of these pressure vessel steels and submerged arc weldments were generally conservative, compared with the approrpriate American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Section XI water environmental reference curve. The growth rate of fatigue cracks in the base materials, however, was considerably faster in the HPW environment than in a corresponding 288°C (550°F) base line air environment. The growth rate of fatigue cracks in the two submerged are weldments was also accelerated in the HPW environment but to a significantly lesser degree than that demonstrated by the corresponding base materials. In the air environment, fatigue striations were observed, independent of material and load ratio, while in the HPW environment, some intergranular facets were present. The greater environmental effect on crack growth rates displayed by the base materials, as compared with the weldments, was attributed to a different sulfide composition and morphology.     

Can health psychology help the planet? Applying theory and models of health behaviour to environmental actions.

Despite the links between the environment and health, campaigns designed to promote sustainable behaviour are rarely framed in terms of human health, and strategies to change health behaviour are not often applied to environmental behaviour. We illustrate the connections between health and the environment, and health behaviour and environmental behaviour. We also describe health behaviour models, and provide an analysis of how they might inform the research on environmental actions. We discuss research, education, and public policy implications of applying a health framework to environmental issues and promoting behaviour that is healthy for both the planet and human beings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Latest Progress of Low-Alloy High-Strength Steels in Baosteel

After research and development for decades,low-alloy high-strength steels have been widely used and playing an important role in economy.This article introduces,from the perspective of environmental protection,the Baosteel’s latest progress of low-alloy high-strength steels continuously innovated with the focus of achieving high-strength,high-toughness,long service life and versatile functions,and with the aim of providing energy-saving and pollution-reduction solutions to down-stream sectors.     

使用环境质量标准应注意的问题

环境标准是环境保护法规的有机组成部分、是数字化的环境法规,是环保部门行使管理职能的依据,是环境评价的准绳。环境质量标准与污染物排放标准是我国环境标准体系的主体,都是强制性标准,而且又是使用最多的两类标准,其在使用过程中出现的问题也最多。结合笔者多年从事环保工作的经验对环境质量标准使用过程中应注意的一些问题进行了探讨。     

High‐Strength Steels in Welded State for Light‐Weight Constructions under High and Variable Stress Peaks

In design codes (Eurocode, British Standard and others) for the dimensioning of welded joints, no distinction is made between low, medium and high strength steels. Because of a lack of general knowledge about the benefits of high‐strength steels and also because of missing information in design codes, in many cases design engineers still use low or medium strength steels (R_p0.2 < 400 MPa) and compensate for high loads under constant or variable amplitude loading or overloads by increasing dimensions. Given this situation, it was deemed necessary to establish criteria for the design of light‐weight welded constructions under high and variable stress peaks using new classes of high strength steels, such as S355N (normalized), S355M (thermomechanically treated), S690Q (water quenched) and S960Q (water quenched), and to perform more reliable evaluations of the fatigue performance of high strength steel structures subjected to complex loading with regard to light‐weight design and economics. For the comparison of the fatigue strengths of the investigated steels the notch factors present were taken into account. Additionally, the real damage sums were determined in order to give recommendations for the fatigue life estimation. Under constant amplitude loading, no significant difference in the bearable local stress amplitudes for the butt welds can be detected for the four investigated steels. Under variable amplitude loading, the butt welded (lower notch factor) high strength steel S960Q has advantages in the case of the normal Gaussian spectrum and in the case of overloads, especially under pulsating loading. For the transverse stiffeners (high notch factor), slight advantages for the high strength steel S960Q exist, only in the case of pulsating overloads. However, the advantages of high strength steels in case of static loading are indisputable. In most of the investigated cases, overloads lead to a benefit in fatigue life.     

Corrosion characteristics of newly developed structural DMR-1700 steel and comparison with different steels for industrial applications

Corrosion characteristics of different steels in industrial environment were studied systematically to understand the protective nature of oxide scales that form on their surfaces with a view to explore the possibility of using a newly developed ultrahigh strength steel, DMR-1700, for fabrication of components to use in industrial applications. Further, the studies related to pitting and crevice corrosion resistance of a variety of steels under industrial environmental conditions have been carried out for comparison purposes. The surface morphologies of corroded steels were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to understand the nature of corrosion. The corrosion mechanism of steel components that fail under industrial environmental conditions has been discussed. Based on the results obtained with different techniques, the newly developed DMR-1700 ultrahigh strength low alloy steel in association with successfully developed high-performance protective coating has been recommended for manufacture of components to use in industrial systems. This steel helps in improving the efficiency of the systems significantly by eliminating failures during service.     

Stress corrosion cracking of stainless steels

The similarities and differences in the stress corrosion cracking response of ferritic and austenitic stainless steels in chloride solutions will be examined. Both classes of materials exhibit a cracking potential: similar transient response (to loading) of the potential in open circuit tests or the current in potentiostatic tests and similar enrichment of chromium and depletion of iron in the film associated with localized corrosion processes. The ferritic steels are more resistant to localized corrosion than are the austenitic steels, which is responsible for the difference in the influence of prior thermal and mechanical history on cracking susceptibility of the two types of steel. Similarities in the fractography of stress corrosion cracks and those produced by brittle delayed failure during cathodic charging of the ferritic steels indicate that hydrogen embrittlement is involved in the failure process.     

矿产资源开发与环境协调问题探讨

分析了我国矿产资源开发及矿产综合利用的现状和矿产开采带来的环境问题，并提出了实现矿产资源开发利用与环境相协调发展的措施。     

Chrome free surface treatments for galvanized steels—present and future

As the galvanized steels used for electrical and office appliances has achieved a complete chrome-free production worldwide,surface treatment technologies have entered a new phase of development.Grenter effort will be made in exploring new frontier for future surface treatment technologies.A greater contribution will be made for environmental protection,energy-saving and resource-saving,to prevent globalwarming.