A Novel Single-Resistance-Controlled Sinusoidal Oscillator Employing Single Operational Transresistance Amplifier

A novel operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA)-based single-resistance-controlled sinusoidal oscillator (SRCO) is proposed. It uses single OTRA, three resistors and two capacitors. To the best knowledge of author, this is the first oscillator constructed with single OTRA. The oscillator circuit provides independent control of oscillation frequency without disturbing oscillation condition by a resistor. It has also low passive sensitivities. The oscillator circuit is insensitive to parasitic input capacitances and input resistances due to zero internally grounded input terminals of OTRA. PSPICE simulations are given to verify the theoretical analysis.     

OTRA-based Grounded-FDNR and Grounded-Inductance Simulators and Their Applications

New grounded frequency-dependent negative-resistance (FDNR) and grounded inductance simulation circuits, employing an operational trans-resistance amplifier (OTRA) along with two capacitors, two resistors and a voltage follower have been introduced. The application of the new simulators in the realization of a single-resistance controlled oscillator (SRCO) and a single-capacitance controlled oscillator (SCCO) has been demonstrated and the effect of parasitic capacitance and input and output resistances of the OTRA on the performance of these circuits has been evaluated. The workability of the application circuits has been confirmed by experimental results using an OTRA-implemented from commercially available AD844-type current-feedback operational amplifiers (CFOAs).     

On the realization of the floating simulators using only grounded passive components

In this paper, two novel circuits for realizing floating inductance, floating capacitance, floating frequency dependent negative resistance (FDNR) and grounded to floating admittance converter depending on the passive component selection are proposed. Both of the proposed simulators employ second-generation current controlled conveyors (CCCIIs) and only grounded passive elements. The non-ideal current and voltage gain as well as parasitic impedance effects on the first proposed circuit are investigated. Also, simulation results using SPICE program are given for the first introduced floating simulator to verify the theory and to exhibit the performance of the circuit.     

Four new oscillators using operational transresistance amplifier

In this paper, four new sinusoidal waveform generators based on the operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA) are presented. The first proposed circuit is a minimum component RC sinusoidal oscillator circuit with one OTRA and a few passive components. The second and third proposed circuits consist of one OTRA and a few passive components, among them two passive components are connected to ground. These circuits are able to control the condition of oscillation and frequency of oscillation independently. The fourth proposed quadrature oscillator circuit uses two OTRAs as main active building blocks and a few external passive components to generate the oscillations. The IC AD844AN is adopted to implement the proposed circuits on a laboratory breadboard with external passive components. Both the SPICE simulation and experimental results are given to verify the theoretical analysis of the proposed circuits.     

Floating inductance,FDNR and capacitance simulation circuit employing only grounded passive elements

A circuit for realizing floating inductance, grounded to a floating admittance converter, floating frequency dependent negative resistance (FDNR) and floating capacitance simulators depending on the passive element selection is presented. The proposed circuit employs only grounded passive elements and second-generation current conveyors (CCIIs) but it requires single passive component matching. Replacing second-generation current controlled conveyors (CCCIIs) instead of the CCIIs in the developed circuit, an electronically tunable floating inductor with bias currents can be obtained. Also, replacing dual X second-generation current conveyors (DXCCIIs) instead of the CCIIs in the introduced circuit, an electronically tunable floating inductor with bias voltages can be obtained. Under non-ideality conditions, the proposed circuit can realize a lossless floating inductor and a capacitor depending on the passive element choice. Simulation results using SPICE program are given to verify the theory.     

New realization of third order sinusoidal oscillator using single OTRA

In this paper, a new, single operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA) based third order sinusoidal oscillator is presented. The nonideal behavior of proposed structure has been analyzed using single and double pole models of the OTRA. It is observed that for high-frequency applications the effect of nonidealities may be eliminated through self-compensation. Active and passive sensitivities are computed for the proposed structure and are found to be less than unity rendering proposed circuit insensitive to component variations. Workability of the proposed oscillator is verified through Analog Design Environment (ADE) spectre tool provided by cadence virtuoso using 0.18 μm CMOS process parameters. Monte Carlo analysis is also carried for the proposed structure. Total harmonic distortion (THD) is found to be less than 2.6%. Post layout simulations; experimental results are also included to validate the theory.     

Novel Lossless Floating Immittance Simulator Employing Only Two FTFNs

In this paper a novel lossless floating immittance simulator employing only two FTFNs is reported. The presented topology enables the simulation of ideal floating inductance, FDNR and resistively variable capacitor. No component matching constraints are imposed for the realisations. The performance of the proposed floating immittance is demonstrated on a fifth order elliptic filter.     

Novel Two OTRA-Based Grounded Immitance Simulator Topologies

Three new operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA)-based grounded parallel immitance simulator topologies are presented. The proposed circuits use two OTRAs and require fewer passive components than most of the counterparts in the literature. The performance of the proposed immitance simulators is demonstrated on a fourth-order bandpass filter. PSPICE simulation results are included to verify theory.     

用频变负电阻实现的混沌振荡器

提出了用频变负电阻(FDNR)实现混沌振荡器的新电路，试电路结构简单，仅用一个接地的频变负电阻作为有源器件，用二极管提供必要的非线性．文中给出了PSpice仿真验证了结果。     

New FTFN-based grounded-capacitor SRCO with explicit current-mode output and reduced number of resistors

A new current-mode single-resistance-controlled-oscillator (SRCO) using two four-terminal-floating-nullors (FTFNs) is presented. The proposed SRCO provides the following advantageous features, not available simultaneously in any of the FTFN-based grounded-capacitor (GC) SRCOs known earlier so far: (i) use of two GCs which are attractive for IC implementation as well as eliminating/accommodating parasitic capacitances, (ii) very good frequency stability, (iii) low active and passive sensitivities, (iv) independent single grounded resistor control of oscillation frequency (as well as availability of such a control through a resistor ratio), (v) ready availability of explicit current-mode output, and above all, (vi) employment of a reduced number (only four) of resistors, in contrast to earlier two-FTFN-GC SRCOs requiring six resistors. Experimental results are included which confirm the practicability of the proposed circuit.     

Novel lossless tunable floating FDNR simulation using two current conveyors and a buffer

Two novel lossless tunable floating FDNR simulation circuits using two current conveyors (CClls) and a buffer as active elements are proposed. The circuits have the following advantages: (i) use of only two CCIIs with the minimum number of passive elements; (ii) extremely low active sensitivities of realised FDNR; (iii) no requirements for component matching; (iv) tunability of the FDNR value through a single resistor.     

FDCCII-based FDNR simulator topologies

In this article, three new circuits for realising frequency-dependent negative resistance (FDNR) are proposed. All proposed circuits employ a single fully differential current conveyor, grounded capacitors and resistor. Proposed circuits consist of minimum number of passive and active elements. All proposed circuits are lossless FDNR. The performance of the proposed FDNR is demonstrated on the third-order Butterworth low-pass filter. Simulation results are included to verify the theory.     

Parasitic compensation in CCI-based circuits for reduced power consumption

In this paper, the compensation advantage of the first-generation current conveyor (CCI) over the second-generation current conveyor (CCII) in tunable circuits is shown. For this purpose, a new floating frequency dependent negative resistor (FDNR) simulator using three CCIs is presented and employed in a third-order high-pass filter. The compensation feature of the CCI is shown for the proposed high-pass filter. As a second example, the presented compensation method is tested in a second-order band-pass filter constructed with two CCIs. Applying the proposed compensation technique, the CCI-based circuits can operate in lower biasing currents, which result in lower power consumption.     

Current mode first order universal filter and multiphase sinusoidal oscillator

In this article a new current mode first order universal filter with single input and multiple outputs is proposed. The realization uses single dual-X multiple output second generation current conveyor (DX-MOCCII) and two passive grounded components. The presented circuit provides high-pass, low-pass and non-inverting and inverting all-pass responses simultaneously, all at different high impedance outputs. The realized circuit does not require any component matching constraint and all the sensitivities are found low. As an application the non-inverting all-pass filter is cascaded in a close loop with the current mode non-inverting integrator to design a current mode multiphase sinusoidal oscillator (MSO) having six phases. Voltage mode six phase sinusoidal oscillator is also achieved by resistively loading the current mode outputs. The analysis such as phase noise, non-ideality, stability and Monte Carlo are presented and discussed. The presented theory and its results are validated using 0.25 µm process parameters of TSMC in PSPICE simulator.     

Realization of Fully Controllable Negative Inductance with Single Operational Transresistance Amplifier

A grounded negative inductance emulator is proposed with full independent control on both the inductance value and the condition. It uses a single operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA), a capacitor, and five resistors, two of which are for independent control. Experimental results, which confirm the theoretical analysis, are presented.     

CMOS realization of single-resistance-controlled and variable frequency dual-mode sinusoidal oscillators employing a single DVCCTA with all-grounded passive components

In this paper, two new designs are proposed for sinusoidal oscillators based on a single differential voltage current conveyor transconductance amplifier (DVCCTA). Each of the proposed circuits comprises a DVCCTA combined with passive components that simultaneously provides both voltage and current outputs. The first circuit is a DVCCTA-based single-resistance-controlled oscillator (SRCO) that provides independent control of the oscillation condition and oscillation frequency by using distinct circuit parameters. The second circuit is a DVCCTA-based variable frequency oscillator (VFO) that can provide independent control of the oscillation frequency by adjusting the bias current of the DVCCTA. In this paper, the DVCCTA and relevant formulations of the proposed oscillator circuits are first introduced, followed by the non-ideal effects, sensitivity analyses, frequency stability discussions, and design considerations. After using the 0.35-μm CMOS technology of the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), the HSPICE simulation results confirmed the feasibility of the proposed oscillator circuits.     

Grounded-capacitor SRCO using only one PFTFN

A new circuit configuration for the realisation of a single-resistance-controlled-sinusoidal oscillator (SRCO) is presented. The proposed circuit uses one positive four-terminal floating nullor (PFTFN), two grounded capacitors (GCs) along with four resistors; in contrast to previously reported single FTFN-based SRCOs which either require floating capacitors (FCs) also, or require at least five resistors when only two GCs are used. The workability of the proposed structure has been demonstrated by experimental results     

New lossless inductance simulators realization using a minimum active and passive components

In this paper, five new lossless grounded inductance simulators are presented. All proposed inductor simulator circuits employ with only a single Fully Differential Second-Generation Current Conveyor (FDCCII), two resistors and a capacitor are proposed. Moreover, all passive components are grounded therefore the proposed inductance simulator circuits offer ease of integration and tuning advantages with low sensitivities. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed FDCCII-based inductance simulators, we use one of the circuits to construct a current-mode multifunction filter. The proposed inductance simulator circuits and current-mode multifunction filter are simulated with SPICE program. Simulation results are given to verify the theoretical analysis.     

MOS-C single amplifier biquads using the operational transresistance amplifier

A configuration for the realization of voltage-mode second-order filters employing a single operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA) as the active element is presented. This topology can synthesize lowpass, highpass, bandpass, notch and allpass filtering functions. The presented filters are suitable for MOS-C implementation, yielding the filter parameters to be electronically tunable. Theoretical analysis is verified with PSPICE simulation.     

Generation of Generalized Impedance Converter Circuits Using NAM Expansion

The generation of the voltage generalized impedance converter (VGIC) circuits using a nodal admittance matrix (NAM) expansion is given in detail. Thirty-two equivalent circuits using current conveyors (CCII) or inverting current conveyors (ICCII) or a combination of both are generated. The reported circuits are suitable for realizing inductors or frequency dependent negative resistors (FDNR) using grounded passive elements. Similarly the generation of the current generalized impedance converter (CGIC) circuits published recently is reexamined and this resulted in 16 more new CGIC circuits using an alternative NAM expansion. Modification of two of the generated circuits to realize a floating inductor or floating FDNR is also given together with Spice simulation results.