共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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《煤炭转化》2017,(6)
以褐煤A为原料煤,以马瑞常压渣油为原料油,采用实验室合成的油溶性铁镍复合催化剂在高压釜中模拟煤/重油浆态床加氢共炼反应进行活性评价.采用XRD,SEM和TEM等表征手段分析催化剂的硫化产物及煤/重油加氢共炼体系产生的固体残渣,探究该复合催化剂与单金属催化剂之间产生活性差异的原因.结果表明:相比于油溶性单金属铁、油溶性单金属镍催化剂,油溶性铁镍复合催化剂具有更高的干基无灰煤转化率,可达87.37%.油溶性铁镍复合催化剂的硫化产物结晶度低,颗粒表面粗糙,分散度高,不仅存在铁、镍的单金属硫化物,而且形成了铁镍混晶的硫化物(Fe-Ni-S混晶).油溶性铁镍复合催化剂作用下得到的固体残渣,粒径小,结构松散,芳香度低,进一步证实油溶性铁镍复合催化剂促进了煤的深度转化. 相似文献
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催化剂撇头和压降超高原因分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对固定床反应器催化剂进行撇头是对床层压降超高后有效的处理措施,影响催化剂床层压上升的原因有原料保护、油溶性金属、原料杂质、操作波动等多个因素,生产运行中必须有针对性的实施管理,才能有效的抑制催化剂床层压降的快速上升。 相似文献
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浆态床渣油加氢工艺是加工劣质油品的有效方法,由于原料具有高沥青质、高金属含量的特点,工艺的核心在于提供稳定高效的加氢裂化催化剂。油溶性催化剂前体能够原位转化为纳米级尺寸的催化剂活性相,其分散度高、加氢活性高,因而成为浆态床渣油加氢工艺的首选。本文主要介绍了4类常见的油溶性有机钼化合物,即二烷基(芳基)二硫代氨基甲酸钼(Mo-DTC)和二烷基二硫代磷酸钼(Mo-DTP)、环烷酸钼(MoNaph)、异辛酸钼、六羰基钼,比较它们在氢气和硫作用下的转化过程以及对重质原料的加氢性能,找出各自在应用过程中的优缺点,为深入研究和设计开发油溶性催化剂前体提供思路和借鉴。 相似文献
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S. D. Bodman W. R. McWhinnie V. Begon M. Millan I. Suelves M. -J. Lazaro A. A. Herod R. Kandiyoti 《Fuel》2003,82(18):2309-2321
Novel catalysts have been prepared, based on montmorillonite (a natural clay) and laponite (a synthetic clay) pillared with tin, chromium and aluminium pillars as well as layered double hydroxides based on polyoxo-vanadate and -molybdate as previously described. These novel catalysts were compared initially with a standard Ni/Mo catalyst supported on alumina and a dispersed catalyst, Mo(CO)6 in hydrocracking a coal extract for a short contact time of 10 min at 440 °C in a microbomb reactor with tetralin solvent and hydrogen at a pressure of 190 bar. In the present work, the best of the novel catalysts, chromium montmorillonite calcined at 500 °C and tin laponite, have been compared with the supported catalyst and a dispersed catalyst (Mo(CO)6) in the repeated hydrocracking of fresh coal extract over three sequential periods of 1 h. Also, the chromium montmorillonite calcined at 500 °C has been used in the hydrocracking of primary coal extracts, prepared in the flowing solvent liquefaction rig from Pittsburgh #8 and Illinois #6 coals, for reaction times of 10 min and 2 h. Further, the chromium montmorillonite calcined at 500 °C and tin laponite, have been compared with the supported catalyst and in the absence of a catalyst, in the hydrocracking of a petroleum distillation residue with 10 min and 2 h reaction times. Results were compared by size exclusion chromatography in NMP solvent and by UV-fluorescence and evaluated by the extent of the shift of the SEC profile to small molecules and by the shift of the synchronous UV-fluorescence profiles to shorter wavelengths. The performances of both catalysts at short, long or repeated reaction times are seen to be better than that of the conventional NiMo catalyst for the hydrocracking of coal-derived materials and a petroleum residue. Trials on a longer time scale are necessary in the next level of evaluation. 相似文献
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面向21世纪的炼油催化技术的新进展(续完) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本文系22篇有关炼油催化技术最新文献述评, 它涉及异构化、烷基化以及重整油改质与脱苯用催化剂, 馏份油的加氢处理与加氢裂化, 流化催化裂化渣油流化催化裂化和增产烯烃的流化催化裂化工艺, 渣油加氢处理以及生物催化脱硫。 相似文献
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Ewald Gallei 《化学,工程师,技术》1980,52(2):99-105
Industrial application of zeolitic catalysts in hydrocracking . For maximum production of gasoline by hydrocracking using zeolite type catalysts two cracking schemes are presented and the operation conditions, feedstocks, yields, and material balances are discussed. The advantages of zeolitic hydrocracking catalysts are outlined. The main catalyst parameters controlling activity and selectivity are described and a scheme for the preparation of zeolitic catalysts is given, which illustrates the superiority of zeolitic hydrocracking catalysts over amorphous ones. Finally, the hydrocracking of residues is reviewed and a typical process together with the product characteristics and yields obtained is described. 相似文献
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加氢裂化催化剂失活与再生 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
利用XRD、XPS、TPR、ICP、IR、TEM 等技术, 测试和表征几种不同类型新鲜的、失活的和再生后工业用非贵金属加氢裂化催化剂的性能, 找出该催化剂失活的主要原因。经研究发现,加氢裂化预精制催化剂主要失活原因是积炭和金属聚集; 加氢裂化催化剂主要失活原因是积碳、所含沸石倒塌、金属聚集、孔结构堵塞及倒塌, 对于单段加氢裂化催化剂失活原因, 还包括酸中心中毒等。本文还探讨了器内与器外再生方式利弊及今后发展趋势。 相似文献
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An experimental study examined the catalytic effects of natural Australian (AL) and Brazilian (BL) limonites used in hydrocracking Brazilian Marlim vacuum residue (ML-VR). The catalytic behavior of the limonites was compared with a conventional NiO-MoO3-Al2O3 (NiMo) catalyst. Diphenylmethane (DPM) and 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN) were used as standards. The order in which coke and gas formation were suppressed during hydrocracking of ML-VR was NiMo>BL>AL, which is the same order as for the hydrogenation activity observed with the standard compounds. By contrast, the limonite catalysts exhibited relatively higher conversions and distillate yields in ML-VR hydrocracking than did the NiMo catalyst with the order of conversion and distillate yield (yield of the fraction with boiling point of 540 °C) being AL>BL>NiMo, which is the same order obtained for catalytic cracking of the two standards. Coke formation was effectively suppressed at high hydrogen pressures. The limonite catalysts showed lower activities for nitrogen and sulfur removal than did NiMo, but both proved to have a larger activity for nickel removal. 相似文献
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加氢裂化FC-16和FC-14催化剂组合工艺应用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
FC-16和FC-14两种加氢裂化催化剂组合工艺在1.0Mt/a加氢裂化装置首次工业应用,取得了较好的效果。从实际生产数据入手,根据FC-16和FC-14两种分子筛型和无定形催化剂特性,重点研究了催化剂活性、选择性、稳定性,以及两种催化剂的性能匹配情况。另外工业应用还表明两种类型加氢裂化催化剂组合工艺可以明显降低装置能耗,提高装置运行的安全性。 相似文献