平面闸门垂向自激振动机理和稳定性研究

通过分析平面闸门垂向振动机理将平面闸门垂向自激振动分为两类:流量系数及流体惯性引发振动与驰振引发振动,并对两种自激振动的机理与振动稳定性进行研究,重点考察Scruton数对闸门振动稳定性的影响,提出关于Scruton数的稳定性指标,实验结果与稳定性指标相吻合。     

星轮偏心误差对浮动式星型齿轮传动动态特性的影响

以太阳轮浮动式星型齿轮传动系统为研究对象,基于集中参数理论,建立了星型传动广义动力学模型,建模中考虑了齿轮制造偏心误差、时变啮合刚度以及间隙浮动机构等因素。采用数值解法对系统的动力学微分方程进行求解,获得了系统的受迫振动响应,利用时间历程、相平面、Poincare截面图及Fourier频谱分析了系统的动态特性。着重研究各星轮偏心误差及间隙浮动机构对星型轮系动态特性的影响规律。结果表明:星轮偏心误差增强了系统振动;不同位置、不同数量的星轮偏心误差作用,对应的系统动态响应不同;间隙浮动结构影响了系统的稳定性,不利于振动噪声的控制。     

含金属芯压电纤维的纵向振动研究

建立了悬臂杆结构含金属性芯电纤维的纵向振动模型和动态测试模型。基于第一类压电方程,推导了外加简谐激励电压时,悬臂杆结构含金属芯压电纤维的等效纵向外力;基于纵向振动理论,推导出纵向振动模型;并由电位移,得到表面电荷、电流、导纳,建立了动态测试模型,通过测量共振频率fr、反共振频fa率和低频电容,计算出压电纤维的几个主要参数：弹性柔顺系数 、机电耦合系数 、介电常数 和压电常数 。详细叙述了纵向振动模型和动态测试模型的建立过程,并给出了具体的测试方法,提供了一个实际试样的测试结果。测试结果表明,根据纵向振动模型所建立的动态测试方法可以快速、准确地测量含金属芯压电纤维的主要参数。     

具有形状记忆合金丝的复合材料轴转子系统的振动与稳定性

提出具有SMA丝的复合材料轴-盘-刚性支承转子系统的数学模型,研究转子系统的振动与稳定性。将轴视为一个平行于轴线方向埋入SMA丝的薄壁复合材料空心梁,盘为各向同性刚性圆盘,轴位于刚性轴承上。基于变分渐进法(VAM)描述复合材料薄壁梁的变形,基于Brinson热力学本构方程计算SMA丝的回复应力,采用Hamilton原理推导出系统的运动方程,采用Galerkin法进行模型离散化和近似数值计算。着重分析SMA丝含量和初始应变对复合材料轴振动固有频率和转子系统临界转速的影响。研究结果表明,所建立的动力学模型能够用于揭示SMA对转子系统的振动与稳定性的影响机理。     

粘弹性介质中输流碳纳米管的动态稳定性分

应用非局部粘弹性夹层梁模型分析粘弹性介质中输送脉动流碳纳米管的动态稳定性。在经典的欧拉梁模型中考虑了由管道内、外壁上的薄表面层引起的表面弹性效应和表面残余应力,同时考虑纳米管道的非局部效应,得到了改进的欧拉梁模型。用平均法对其控制方程进行求解,得到了管道稳定性区域。数值算例揭示了纳米管的壁厚、粘弹性特性、表面效应及两个介质参数对管道动态稳定性的复杂影响,结论可为纳米流体机械的结构设计和振动分析提供理论基础。     

输流管道的流体诱发振动稳定性分析

考虑内、外部流体的联合作用,研究输流管道的流体诱发振动稳定性。将外部流体的作用简化为涡激升力,利用Kane方法建立输流管道的二维非线性涡激振动方程。将动力学方程在平衡位置附近线性化,进行输流管道的稳定性分析。探讨不同内外流流速、外部流体的粘滞力系数、管道跨度以及内外流联合作用对管道稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,非线性涡激振动模型更真实地反映输流管道的流体诱发振动稳定性,在内流和管道跨度的影响下,发生耦合模态颤振现象;外部流体粘滞力系数的变化对管道的动力特性有明显的影响;在内外部流体的联合作用下管道的振动特性与各因素单独作用时明显不同。     

流体引起的空调管路振动分析与实验研究

结合流体动力学和结构动力学分析了空调室外机管路系统由流体引起的振动问题。采用有限元方法建立了管路系统的动力学模型,并通过模态试验验证了模型的准确性。使用流体动力学方法分析了管内流场,获得管道内壁的表面压力,并以压力作为激励,结合实验验证后的管路动力学模型进行了谐响应分析。通过管路ODS(Operational Deflection Shapes)实验,验证了由流体引起的管路振动分析方法的可靠性和有效性。研究表明:管路理论模态分析与实验结果基本吻合,确保建立的动力学模型的准确性,为后续分析的准确度提供了基础;管路振动分析与ODS实验对比结果在低频段理论与实验吻合较好,而在高频段误差较大。分析了误差产生的原因,为后续研究指明了方向。     

纵轴式掘进机振动特性研究

为研究纵轴式掘进机截割煤岩时的振动特性,对掘进机振动源进行分析,发现截齿在截割过程中受到的非线性瞬时冲击是造成掘进机振动的主要扰动源,通过建立复杂煤岩条件下截齿的力学模型,利用MATLAB编制了计算截割头瞬时载荷的模拟程序,模拟出横摆工况下截割头受到的冲击载荷,将其导入在协同仿真环境下建立的纵轴式掘进机刚柔耦合振动模型中,对其进行受迫振动分析,识别出系统的主要模态参数以及容易被激发的振型;分析其动态响应特性,确定了对整机振动影响较大的频率;同时对回转台进行谐响应分析,找出其薄弱环节。分析结果对研究纵轴式掘进机的振动特性和耐冲击、抗振能力的提高具有重要的参考价值。     

分数导数黏弹性准饱和土中球空腔振动特性

在频率域内用解析方法研究分析了简谐轴对称荷载和流体压力作用下分数导数黏弹性准饱和中球空腔的稳态响应问题。将土骨架等效为具有分数阶导数本构关系的黏弹性体,基于Biot两相饱和介质模型,通过势函数推导求得了边界部分透水时分数导数粘弹性准饱和土中球空腔的位移、应力和孔压等的解析解。根据界面连续性条件,确定了待定系数的表达式。在此基础上,考察了准饱和土各参数对动力响应的影响,结果表明：轴对称荷载和流体压力两种情况时,相对渗透系数对动力响应的影响有较大的差异。分数导数本构模型更合理地描述了准饱和土中球空腔的振动特性。     

侧铣加工动力学建模及仿真

本文以两自由度的铣削加工为研究对象,建立了闭环的动态力～振动切削动力学仿真模型;应用模型仿真切削力与振动并与实测数据进行比较;证实该模型仿真切削力与振动的准确性。该结果对预测铣削力与振动,选择合适的切削参数具有实际意义。     

Insights into process innovation through ultrasonically agitated concentric flow dielectric streams for dry wire electric discharge machining

Application of gaseous dielectric in place of liquid dielectric for wire electric discharge machining (WEDM), popularly known as dry wire electric discharge machining (DWEDM), offers technological solutions to some environmental and metallurgical issues pertaining to process. However, conventional side jet stream of dielectric in dry WEDM renders ineffective debris removal from sparking gap to cause unwanted arcing. Moreover, side thrust on the wire surface tends to induce wire vibrations and results into uneven geometrical profiles. To harness full potential of DWEDM technology, it is imperative to improve cutting characteristics of process by minimizing the adverse impacts of side jet stream of dielectric. In this research work, the authors have conceptualized and demonstrated the idea of using concentric flow pattern of gaseous dielectric as a novel technological solution to limitations of DWEDM process by introducing ultrasonic-agitated concentric dry wire electric discharge machining (UCDWEDM). Experiments have been performed on Ti–6Al–4V material. Ultrasonically agitated pressurized air streams were supplied through indigenously developed concentric and side flow nozzles mounted on experimental set up. The experimental results showed that concentric flow mode of dielectric supply has outperformed the conventional side flow mode with 42% higher CV, 22% lower SR, and 8% lesser KW. Process mechanism of UCDWEDM is based on high velocity of air in concentric flow and ultrasonic-agitation in spark gap and suggested that UCDWEDM has potential to replace conventional dielectric supply system in DWEDM.     

Characteristics of wire-electro discharge machined Ti6Al4V surface

Titanium and titanium alloys (e.g., Ti6Al4V) are increasingly used in aerospace and automotive industries, and also used as medical implant material in wide variety of applications. Wire-electro discharge machining (WEDM) is an important non-traditional machining process, widely used for machining a variety of difficult-to-machine materials including titanium alloys with intricate shapes. The process is essentially a thermal process and the nature of surface produced is studied in this paper. It is observed that more uniform surface characteristics are obtained with coated wire electrode. Among the parameters such as time between two pulses, pulse duration, injection pressure, wire speed and wire tension that have more influence on the surface characteristics, the time between two pulses is the most sensitive parameter.     

Influence of input parameters on the near-dry WEDM of Monel alloy

Near-dry wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is a modified WEDM process, which has no adverse effects on the environment, in which metal removals have been done with the dielectric medium being used in the form of a mist. As the increase in production by reducing the machining time is a costly affair, the input parameters attract considerable attention for their optimization. The predominant control characteristics in this study are the time-bound material removal and surface quality. The time duration of the electrical pulse on and off, wire feed, air inlet pressure, and water flow rate are the parameters considered for this experimental analysis. In this paper, the optimization techniques such as RSM method and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to route the experiments and optimize the responses of near-dry WEDM process for machining the material Monel alloy. A model has been formulated mathematically for the two vital responses needed, under the influence of regression analysis. Additivity test has been performed to validate the mathematical model. The air–water mixture in the form of a mist was used in place of dielectric medium to study the impact on material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (R_a), and environment. It was observed that a high surface finish could be obtained at 3 bar pressure.     

Exploration of Shaping Conductive Ceramic by Ultrasonic Aided Wire Electrical Discharge Machining

An investigation has been made into the shaping of conductive ceramics by means of ultrasonic-aided electrical discharge machining. A vibrating device has been designed to undertake the work, and the theory to describe the vibration modes of the wire under ultrasonic action has been established. Experimental results show that there is a peak current limit on the cutting rate when the conductive ceramic is processed by the wire cut machine. Once the current exceeds the limitation, cutting rate drops rapidly. After the ultrasonic vibration is introduced, the cutting rate increases, and machining can be carried out under the greater peak current, hence the maximum cutting rate can increase by 50% or more. In addition, the surface integrity of the workpiece machined can be improved by the combined technology.     

机载电子设备减振设计

针对外界振动影响机载设备正常工作和疲劳破坏等问题,给出了一种机载设备减振器设计方法。利用振动试验数据和受迫振动理论,建立等效减振系统模型,设计了两组金属丝网三向等刚度减振器,并对减振器的减振效果进行实验检验。结果表明,设计的两组减振器均能够降低机载电子设备的振动,而第二组减振器的减振性能优于第一组减振器的性能,验证了减振器设计方法的有效性,提高了机载导航系统性能和机载设备的使用寿命。     

在微细电火花铣削中介质对电极损耗的影响

在微细电火花加工（EDM）中电极损耗是不可避免的,而针对电极损耗的研究大都是在油工作液中,很少针对气中放电时的电极损耗进行研究．气中电火花加工普遍采用管状电极,所以为了获得尺寸更小的工件,通过反拷块可磨削出微米级的实心电极,并采用外部充气的方式,可实现微米级三维结构的气中电火花加工．实验考虑了影响气中放电电极损耗的各种因素．通过观察微细电火花三维铣削放电现象与结果,可得到气中放电的规律．由于电火花加工中电极损耗是不可避免的,所以在三维铣削加工中对电极进行在线检测并补偿,工件成形精度大大提高．对刀具路径进行合理规划,可以缩短加工时间．与油中电火花铣削相比,气中电火花加工时电极损耗更低,加工表面质量更好．     

隔振器广义弹塑性力学模型建模与应用研究

钢丝绳隔振器是一种最常用的干摩擦隔振器。它具有强非线性,性能重复性很差,通常解析法很难为之建模。应用广义弹塑性模型对具有干摩擦特性的钢丝绳隔振器进行了力学建模。模型物理概念清晰,建模过程简单,可以很好地解释和描述钢丝绳隔振器的静刚度渐软特性和动刚度的振幅依赖性。以HGGS-1200钢丝绳隔振器为例,说明了建模过程及试验验证。证明这一模型同时符合静态、振动和冲击试验结果,能够较准确地描述钢丝绳隔振器的力学特性。该方法可从易于得到的静态试验结果直接获取钢丝绳隔振器振动和冲击特性,具有较高的工程应用价值。     

Machine-vision-based electrode wear analysis for closed loop wire EDM process control

The purpose of this study was to develop a closed-loop machine vision system for wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) process control. Excessive wire wear leading to wire breakage is the primary cause of wire EDM process failures. Such process interruptions are undesirable because they affect cost efficiency, surface quality, and process sustainability. The developed system monitors wire wear using an image-processing algorithm and suggests parametric changes according to the severity of the wire wear. Microscopic images of the wire electrode coming out from the machining zone are fed to the system as raw images. In the proposed method, the images are pre-processed and enhanced to obtain a binary image that is used to compute the wire wear ratio (WWR). The input parameters that are adjusted to recover from the unstable conditions that cause excessive wire wear are pulse off time, servo voltage, and wire feed rate. The algorithm successfully predicted wire breakage events. In addition, the alternative parametric settings proposed by the control algorithm were successful in reducing the wire wear to safe limits, thereby preventing wire breakage interruptions.The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-021-00373-y     

钢丝绳隔振器非线性特性分析

为了减少车辆振动对驾驶员的不良影响,采用钢丝绳隔振器来作为驾驶座的悬挂装置。围绕车身—隔振驾驶座—驾驶员系统,针对钢丝绳隔振器的非线性静动特性开展研究。通过对钢丝绳隔振器的加载试验,可以了解隔振器的恢复力与变形的关系,同时获取恢复力迟滞迴线的数据。为此专门建立了一套钢丝绳隔振器特性测试方法,并将多项式拟合分析运用到非线性参数识别中,这样就可以系统准确的分析钢丝绳隔振器的各种特性。根据实测数据,并考虑钢丝绳隔振器的实际使用条件,按照质量-弹簧-阻尼(阻力)力学模型辨识出隔振系统的相关参数,再根据振动理论建立相应的系统运动微分方程,采用线性加速度法,分析了钢丝绳隔振器体系在不同频率下所具有的非线性动态特性,理论分析曲线和实测数据非常吻合,试验和分析表明:这样的测试分析方法,在钢丝绳隔振器的静力特性描述方面是准确可靠的,在动态特性的模拟分析方面也是正确可信的。作为一项实用技术,已经使用在车辆隔振驾驶座产品中。     

一维分数导数粘弹性饱和多孔介质层的稳态响应

固相骨架的应力-应变关系利用分数导数粘弹性Kelvin 模型来描述,在流相和固相微观不可压以及小变形的假定下建立了分数导数粘弹性饱和多孔介质层一维稳态响应的数学模型和运动控制方程,求得了分数导数粘弹性饱和多孔介质层一维稳态响应的固相位移和液相位移。通过数值算例分析了分数导数的阶数对稳态响应的影响。研究结果表明:固相位移和液相位移随频率的增大逐渐趋于零,在低频时,分数导数的阶数越大固相位移和液相位移越大。