基于多Agent协同跟踪调度技术研究

为了减少时效性要求较高的动态目标跟踪的调度时间,提出了一种基于多Agent的自适应协同跟踪平台选择算法。首先,提出Agent模型的应用;然后,以最小化调度时间和跟踪误差为目标建立适应度函数,采用合同网结合二值粒子群优化的方法,选出针对特定目标的最佳跟踪平台组合。仿真结果表明,与现有的几个算法相比,该方法有效减少了调度时间,提高了跟踪精度,适用于实时性高的高速运动目标跟踪。     

Tracking multiple moving targets with swarms of mobile robots

This paper presents a distributed approach to enable mobile robot swarms to track multiple targets moving unpredictably. The proposed approach consists of two constituent algorithms: local interaction and target tracking. When the robots are faster than the targets, Lyapunov theory can be applied to show that the robots converge asymptotically to each vertex of the desired equilateral triangular configurations while tracking the targets. Toward practical implementation of the algorithms, it is important to realize the observation capability of individual robots in an inexpensive and efficient way. A new proximity sensor that we call dual rotating infrared (DRIr) sensor is developed to meet these requirements. Both our simulation and experimental results employing the proposed algorithms and DRIr sensors confirm that the proposed distributed multi-target tracking method for a swarm of robots is effective and easy to implement.     

基于广义标签多伯努利滤波的可分辨群目标跟踪算法

针对杂波条件下可分辨群目标的状态估计、目标个数与子群个数估计问题,提出了一种基于标签随机有限集（Label random finite set,L-RFS）框架下的可分辨群目标跟踪算法,该算法主要包括两个方面:可分辨多群目标动态建模和多群目标的跟踪估计.本文工作主要包括:1）结合图论中的邻接矩阵对可分辨群目标运动进行动态建模.2）利用基于L-RFS的广义标签多伯努利滤波（Generalizes label multi-Bernoulli,GLMB）算法对目标的状态和个数进行估计,并且通过估计邻接矩阵得到群的结构和个数估计.3）通过个数不同、结构不同的三个子群目标在二维平面分别做线性和非线性运动进行算法验证.仿真分析表明本文算法能够准确估计出群目标中各目标的状态、个数以及子群的个数,并且能获得目标的航迹估计.     

Probability hypothesis density filter based on strong tracking MIE for multiple maneuvering target tracking

Taking into account the difficulties of multiple maneuvering target tracking due to the unknown target number and the uncertain acceleration, a novel multiple maneuvering target tracking algorithm based on the Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) filter and Modified Input Estimation (MIE) technique is proposed in this paper. First, the unknown acceleration vector is added to the target state to form a new augmented state vector. Then, strong tracking filter multiple fading factors are introduced to the MIE method which can adjust the prediction covariance and the corresponding filter gain at different rates in real time, so that the MIE method can adaptively track high maneuvering targets well. Finally, we combine this adaptive MIE method with the PHD filter, which can effectively track multiple maneuvering targets without much prior information. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a higher tracking precision and a better real-time performance than the conventional maneuvering target tracking algorithms.     

基于RCGA优化GRNN的实时动态目标追踪模型

针对三维环境中导弹追踪目标时制导和控制算法复杂而导致计算量非常大的问题,提出了一种基于隐性交叉遗传算法优化广义回归神经网络的实时动态目标追踪模型。通过将导弹防御区离散化为多个小模块生成输入数据,并针对每个可接受的目标参数数据集,使用RCGA估算导航常量和导弹注意时间;利用输入和输出的目标参数集生成GRNN所需的训练数据集;针对任意位置的目标轨道,将训练后的GRNN应用于实时导弹导引系统的实现中。通过战术目标仿真模型验证了所提算法的有效性及可靠性,仿真结果表明,相比其他几种目标追踪算法,算法取得了更好的实时性和更高的目标定位精度,脱靶率接近零。     

Locating and tracking multiple dynamic optima by a particle swarm model using speciation

This paper proposes an improved particle swarm optimizer using the notion of species to determine its neighborhood best values for solving multimodal optimization problems and for tracking multiple optima in a dynamic environment. In the proposed species-based particle swam optimization (SPSO), the swarm population is divided into species subpopulations based on their similarity. Each species is grouped around a dominating particle called the species seed. At each iteration step, species seeds are identified from the entire population, and then adopted as neighborhood bests for these individual species groups separately. Species are formed adaptively at each step based on the feedback obtained from the multimodal fitness landscape. Over successive iterations, species are able to simultaneously optimize toward multiple optima, regardless of whether they are global or local optima. Our experiments on using the SPSO to locate multiple optima in a static environment and a dynamic SPSO (DSPSO) to track multiple changing optima in a dynamic environment have demonstrated that SPSO is very effective in dealing with multimodal optimization functions in both environments.     

基于高阶零陷滤波的空间多目标跟踪算法

针对传统的移动多目标跟踪算法计算量大、实时性差的问题, 提出了一种新的基于阵列天线的空间多目标跟踪算法。算法利用阵元个数相对于信源数目的自由度, 设计一个高阶的零陷空域滤波器组, 对空间干扰源进行陷波, 并对空间波束成形后的信号进行自适应跟踪, 估计出多个移动目标的波达方向（direction of arrival, DOA）。仿真结果表明, 此算法精度较高, 计算复杂度较低, 为空间移动多目标的实时跟踪提供了一种新方法。     

Efficient multi-feature PSO for fast gray level object-tracking

Robust and real-time moving object tracking is a tricky job in computer vision systems. The development of an efficient yet robust object tracker faces several obstacles, namely: dynamic appearance of deformable or articulated targets, dynamic backgrounds, variation in image intensity, and camera (ego) motion. In this paper, a novel tracking algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is proposed. PSO is a population-based stochastic optimization algorithm modeled after the simulation of the social behavior of bird flocks and animal hordes. In this algorithm, a multi-feature model is proposed for object detection to enhance the tracking accuracy and efficiency. The object's model is based on the gray level intensity. This model combines the effects of different object cases including zooming, scaling, rotating, etc. into a single cost function. The proposed algorithm is independent of object type and shape and can be used for many object tracking applications. Over 30 video sequences and having over 20,000 frames are used to test the developed PSO-based object tracking algorithm and compare it to classical object tracking algorithms as well as previously published PSO-based tracking algorithms. Our results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of our developed algorithm relative to all other tested algorithms.     

基于GLMB滤波和Gibbs采样的多扩展目标有限混合建模与跟踪算法

本文针对杂波条件下多扩展目标的状态估计, 目标个数估计, 扩展目标形状估计问题, 提出了一种基于标签随机有限集(Labelled random finite sets, L-RFS)框架下多扩展目标跟踪学习算法, 该学习算法主要包括两方面:多扩展目标动态建模和多扩展目标的跟踪估计.首先, 结合广义标签多伯努利滤波器(Generalized labelled multi-Bernoulli, GLMB)建立了扩展目标的量测有限混合模型(Finite mixture models, FMM), 利用Gibbs采样和贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian information criterion, BIC)准则推导出有限混合模型的参数来对多扩展目标形状进行学习, 然后采用等效量测方法来替代扩展目标产生的量测, 对扩展目标形状采用椭圆逼近建模, 实现扩展目标形状与状态的估计.仿真实验表明本文所给的方法能够有效跟踪多扩展目标, 并且在目标个数估计方面优于CBMeMBer算法.此外, 与标签多伯努利滤波(LMB)计算比较表明: GLMB和LMB算法滤波估计精度接近, 二者精度高于CBMeMBer算法.     

FCM-AFSA的无线传感器网络多目标跟踪节点任务分配方法

多目标跟踪是无线传感器网络重要应用之一。提出了基于离散人工鱼群算法的无线传感器网络多目标跟踪节点任务分配方法。该方法首先利用类间距阈值的模糊C均值聚类算法,估计监测区域可能出现的目标数量和目标位置;再根据任务分配的目标函数,使用改进的离散人工鱼群算法优化目标函数,从而得到任务分配方案,并同其他算法进行比较。仿真实验结果表明,该方法比最近邻方法、MEM方法以及粒子群算法的能耗有所降低,任务分配时间比最近邻方法、MEM方法以及粒子群算法有所减少。因此,所提出的改进算法能有效地提高无线传感器网络的综合性能,满足实际应用的需求。     

Dynamic Multiple Swarms in Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization

A multiple-swarm multiobjective particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, named dynamic multiple swarms in multiobjective PSO, is proposed in which the number of swarms is adaptively adjusted throughout the search process via the proposed dynamic swarm strategy. The strategy allocates an appropriate number of swarms as required to support convergence and diversity criteria among the swarms. Additional novel designs include a PSO updating mechanism to better manage the communication within a swarm and among swarms and an objective space compression and expansion strategy to progressively exploit the objective space during the search process. Comparative study shows that the performance of the proposed algorithm is competitive in comparison to the selected algorithms on standard benchmark problems. In particular, when dealing with test problems with multiple local Pareto fronts, the proposed algorithm is much less computationally demanding. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the proposed algorithm is insensitive to most of the user-specified design parameters.     

基于LCT+的自适应抗遮挡目标跟踪算法

在目标跟踪过程中,目标遮挡往往会造成跟踪器的性能下降,从而导致目标丢失。针对这一问题,提出一种基于LCT+核相关滤波的自适应抗遮挡目标跟踪算法。该算法在LCT+核相关滤波算法的基础上进行改进,利用双跟踪器自适应对目标进行跟踪,即根据两个跟踪器的输出响应值大小选择最优跟踪器跟踪目标;利用支持向量机自适应重新检测目标,即根据目标丢失帧的数量自适应调整检测框范围的大小;最后采用颜色直方图匹配的方法进一步验证预测的目标。相比原算法,所提算法采取双跟踪器自适应跟踪机制和支持向量机自适应重检测机制,有效避免了目标跟丢。在OTB50和OTB100两个大型基准数据集上对算法进行验证,结果表明该算法在距离精度和成功率的评估指标上都优于一些主流算法,并且在抗遮挡方面具有较高的精度和较强的鲁棒性。     

Multiple targets enclosure by robotic swarm

Target enclosure by autonomous robots is useful for many practical applications, for example, surveillance of disaster sites. Scalability is important for autonomous robots because a larger group is more robust against breakdown, accidents, and failure. However, since the traditional models have discussed only the cases in which minimum number of robots enclose a single target, there has been no study on the utilization of the redundant number of robots. In this paper, to achieve a highly scalable target enclosure model about the number of target to enclose, we introduce swarm based task assignment capability to Takayama’s enclosure model. The original model discussed only single target environment but it is well suited for applying to the environments with multiple targets. We show the robots can enclose the targets without predefined position assignment by analytic discussion based on switched systems and a series of computer simulations. As a consequence of this property, the proposed robots can change their target according to the criterion about robot density while they enclose multiple targets.     

基于Fisher信息距离的被动传感器目标协同跟踪方法

针对多被动传感器动态跟踪问题,提出了一种基于Fisher信息距离被动传感器目标协同跟踪方法。该算法在进行传感器选择时,依据信息几何理论,以流形中的Fisher信息距离来衡量先验概率密度函数和后验概率密度函数之间的距离,继而以此距离为依据选择传感器进行目标跟踪。仿真实验表明：所提算法能够在动态环境中自适应选择传感器资源,有效提高目标的跟踪精度,实现多被动传感器协同跟踪。     

强跟踪输入估计概率假设密度多机动目标跟踪算法

针对多机动目标跟踪中,目标数目未知及加速度不确定的问题,提出一种强跟踪输入估计（modifiedinputestimation,MIE）概率假设密度多机动目标跟踪算法．在详细分析算法的基础上,通过引入强跟踪多重渐消因子,以不同速率实时调节滤波器各个通道的预测协方差及相应的滤波器增益,从而实现MIE算法对加速度未知或发生人幅度突变的机动目标白适应跟踪能力;并将该算法与概率假设密度滤波算法有效结合,町以较好地跟踪未知数目的多机动目标．仿真结果表明,新算法比传统的多机动目标跟踪算法具有更岛的跟踪精度,且具有较好的实时性．     

知识辅助的多模型机动目标跟踪算法

多模型机动目标跟踪技术是一种先进的目标跟踪算法。由于目标类型越来越多、运动环境越来越复杂,仅使用位置量测进行目标跟踪变得越来越难以满足应用要求。除位置量测之外,引入目标和环境相关的知识,对多模型算法中的模型集、转移概率矩阵和模型概率这3个关键因素进行自适应调整,可以有效提高机动目标跟踪性能。本文对知识辅助多模型机动目标跟踪算法的原理和方法等进行了分析。按照知识作用的对象（模型集、转移概率矩阵和模型概率）和作用方式（智能法和非智能法）分别介绍了该类算法的原理及其特点,最后对该类算法下一步的研究方向和发展趋势进行了展望。     

结合自适应更新策略和再检测技术的跟踪算法

基于相关滤波器的跟踪算法在计算机视觉领域表现出了卓越的性能,但是传统相关滤波器由于采用固定系数更新策略,在复杂环境下很容易发生模型漂移甚至因无法重新找回所跟踪的目标导致跟踪失败。为了使跟踪算法在遇到背景杂波、遮挡等问题时能具有更好的鲁棒性,提出了一种基于自适应更新策略和再检测技术的关联跟踪算法。自适应更新策略根据跟踪结果的置信度,自适应调整模版更新系数,降低模型漂移所造成的影响。当判定所跟踪的目标遭受严重遮挡或者跟踪失败时,利用再检测策略中的SVM分类器对所跟踪的目标进行重新检测,提高纠错能力。所提算法在OTB2013标准目标跟踪数据集上进行验证并与其他5种跟踪算法进行比较,目标跟踪精度与成功率分别提升13.8%和17.4%。当出现目标被遮挡或者目标视野丢失等情况时,本算法仍然可以对目标进行重新找回,实现稳定地跟踪。     

面向环境探测的多智能体自组织目标搜索算法

针对在复杂非结构化环境下如何协调多个无人机发现静态或动态目标的问题,建立了自组织目标搜索算法框架。结合磁探仪等效平均探测宽度模型,受昆虫协调方式和鸟群效应的生物机制启发,提出了基于仿生集群算法的无人机集群分布式目标搜索模型;采用改进的自适应差分进化算法帮助无人机集群模型在环境中平衡勘探和探索,实现无人机群体的协同搜索优化。该自组织目标搜索算法旨在以最短时间实现跟踪目标数量的最大化。基于仿真平台的实验测试了该策略的性能,验证了算法对具有未知目标的非结构化复杂环境的适用性。     

最大加速度未知的“当前”统计模型机动目标跟踪

分析了“当前”统计模型机动目标跟踪算法的性能对目标机动加速度最大值的依赖性,但是由于在实际中目标机动加速度的最大值往往是未知或不能准确已知的,所以为了克服“当前”统计模型的这一不足之处,采用协方差匹配和多级白噪声自适应滤波算法的思想,提出了一种“当前”统计模型在最大加速度未知情况下的机动目标跟踪新算法。对三种典型的机动目标运动形式进行了Monte-Carlo仿真研究,结果表明新算法对于解决机动目标跟踪问题非常有效。     

基于云模型改进的粒子群K均值聚类算法

研究粒子群K均值聚类算法问题,针对传统粒子群K均值算法容易陷入局部最优解,出现早熟收敛的缺点,提出一种基于云模型改进的粒子群K均值聚类算法．使用X条件云发生器自适应地调整粒子个体惯性权重的方法．保证惯性权重会逐渐减小而又不失随饥性。根据个体适应度的优劣将粒子群分为三个子群,在每次迭代时都保证仍有一个子群的粒子在进行全局搜索,避免算法陷入局部最优和早熟收敛。在典型数据集上的仿真结果表明,改进算法相比其他聚类算法得到较好的聚类准确率和较快的收敛速度,是一种行之有效的方法。