5种药剂对稻飞虱的田间防治效果比较

为了比较几种药剂对稻飞虱的防治效果,笔者对25%吡蚜酮WP、24%螺虫乙酯SC、10%乙虫腈SC、70%吡虫啉WG和25%噻嗪酮WP等5种药剂进行了田间药效试验。试验结果显示,25%吡蚜酮WP对稻飞虱的防效最好,药后3 d、7 d、14 d的防效分别为84.73%、91.07%、97.72%;其次为24%螺虫乙酯SC和25%噻嗪酮WP,药后14 d的防效均达82%以上;再次为10%乙虫腈SC,药后3～14 d的防效在58.76%～75.15%;70%吡虫啉WG防效最差,药后3～14 d的防效在67.80%以下。     

480克∕升氟乐灵乳油防治棉花田杂草药效试验

对480g∕L氟乐灵乳油防治棉花田杂草进行了田间实验。试验结果表明,480g∕L氟乐灵乳油,900～1080g/hm2土壤处理20d对禾本科杂草的效果较好,株防效可达85.2%～97.8%,对阔叶杂草的防效较低,仅为66.2%～85.3%;药后40d对禾本科杂草的株防效可达83.6%～95.7%,鲜重防效达86.9%～98.2%,对阔叶杂草株防效为62.3%～82.3%,鲜重防效达66.5%～85.5%。     

75%苯磺隆WG在莜麦田间除草效果

使用75%苯磺隆WG在冀西北坝上地区对莜麦田间杂草进行除草试验.结果表明:75%苯磺隆WG对莜麦田中的阔叶杂草具有较好的防效,药后30 d对阔叶杂草的平均株防效和鲜重防效分别为87.1%和93.4%,生产上建议使用剂量为13.5～22.5 g/hm2(制剂用量).75%苯磺降WG对藜、大刺儿菜、猪毛菜、反枝苋的防效最好,药后30 d的平均株防效和鲜蕈防效都达99%以上.对田旋花的防效较对藜、大刺儿菜、猪毛菜、反枝苋防效偏低,药后30 d的平均株防效和鲜重防效分别为50.3%和85.5%.     

75%肟草酮·溴苯腈水分散粒剂防除麦田杂草试验

田间试验结果表明:75%肟草酮·溴苯腈WG 900～1 200 g/hm2能有效防除麦田杂草,但对不同杂草的防效有一定的差异. 药后30 d,对看麦娘的株防效81.7%～83.3%、荠菜的株防效达76.9%～80.3%、猪殃殃的株防效69.0%～73.6%,总株防效达80.0%～82.0%,总鲜重防效达84.8%～87.1%. 对小麦安全性好,且增产效果显著.     

7种杀虫剂对油菜病毒病和传毒媒介蚜虫的防效评价

田间防效试验结果表明:25%吡蚜酮WP 90 g a.i./hm2、25%噻虫嗪WG 18.75 g a.i./hm2、15%吡·丁硫EC33.75 g a.i./hm2、70%吡虫啉WG 31.5 g a.i./hm2、10%吡虫啉WP 30 g a.i./hm2对油菜蚜虫和油菜病毒病均有较好的防效,其中25%噻虫嗪WG、15%吡·丁硫EC、70%吡虫啉WG、10%吡虫啉WP处理后3～5 d对蚜虫的防效高达72.1%～83.6%,25%吡蚜酮WP处理后10 d的防效高达79%,而对病毒病的防效为86.8%～94.3%.18%吡·噻WP81 g a.i./hm2、5%啶虫脒WP 18.75 g a.i./hm2对蚜虫的防效差,药后3～7 d的防效分别为46%～73%和47%～65%.     

3种不同药剂及其混配组合对梨园梨木虱的防效

[目的]为筛选出对梨园梨木虱防治效果好的药剂及其混配组合。[方法]采用田间小区试验的方法,测定试验3种药剂及其混配组合对梨木虱的田间防效。[结果]单剂中,22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂44.8～74.7 mg/L处理7 d时的校正防效为56.98%～85.81%,20～35 d时的防效为92.77%～100%,产卵抑制率65.50%～85.91%;5%阿维菌素微乳剂25.0 mg/L、7 d时的校正防效98.68%,20～35 d防效显著下降至52.42%～59.44%,抑制产卵率为64.78%;20%呋虫胺可溶粒剂防效和产卵抑制率显著低于22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂和5%阿维菌素微乳剂。阿维菌素与螺虫乙酯复配后,显著提高对梨木虱的产卵抑制率;5%阿维菌素微乳剂与20%呋虫胺可溶粒剂复配后,校正防效显著增加,持效期由7 d增至35 d,产卵抑制率显著增加至83.70%以上。[结论]防治梨园梨木虱时,可使用螺虫乙酯单剂、阿维菌素+螺虫乙酯或阿维菌素+呋虫胺混配组合。     

快灭灵与异丙隆混用防除麦田杂草

快灭灵与异丙隆混用防除麦田杂草试验表明：用40%快灭灵3～4g 50%异丙隆125g/667m^2可有效防除多种杂草,药后140d,对禾本科杂草的防效为82.9%～87.7%,对阔叶杂草的防效为68.6%～81.0%,总株防效为77.1%～84.9%,总鲜重防效为87.6%～92.4%。本试验条件下使用,对小麦安全。     

15%苯磺隆·炔草酸可湿性粉剂防除小麦田杂草田间药效试验

为了确定15%苯磺隆·炔草酸可湿性粉剂对冬小麦田杂草的防效,掌握最佳使用剂量,对其进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,15%苯磺隆·炔草酸可湿性粉剂45～135ga.i./hm2对杂草有明显的防除效果,茎叶喷雾处理20d对试验地杂草的株防效可达80.0%～90.5%,110d株防效为78.8%～89.5%,110d平均鲜重防效达81.5%～91.5%。     

250g/L氟磺胺草醚水剂防除夏大豆田阔叶杂草药效试验

对250g/L氟磺胺草醚水剂防除夏大豆田阔叶杂草进行了田间药效试验。结果表明:250g/L氟磺胺草醚水剂,施药量为225～412.5g/hm2对杂草的防治效果较好,药后20d、40d株防效分别达94.3%～98.6%、87.3%～95.5%,药后40d鲜重防效达87.7%～97.0%,增产15.22%～19.02%。     

28%阿维·螺虫乙酯和24%联肼·螺螨酯等复配药剂防除桂花叶螨药效试验

28%阿维·螺虫乙酯和24%联肼·螺螨酯对桂花叶螨有良好的防效和持效性。药后1 d,各处理对桂花叶螨的防效达90%以上;药后3 d和7 d,各处理对桂花叶螨的防效均达88%以上;药后11 d,各处理对桂花叶螨的防效仍达80%以上。73%炔螨特对桂花叶螨防效良好,但持效性略差。15%哒螨灵对桂花叶螨的防效较差。     

50%硫磺悬浮剂防治黄瓜白粉病田间药效试验

进行田间试验以明确50%硫磺SC防治黄瓜白粉病的效果。结果表明,50%硫磺SC能够很好的控制黄瓜白粉病,最有效的控制浓度是1500g/hm2。在第一次用药后7d,50%硫磺SC1125,1312.5和1500g/hm2防效分别是60.83%,66.36%和74.84%;在第二次用药后10d,防效分别是73.95%,77.46%和82.77%。     

Novel Omega-3 Fatty Acid Epoxygenase Metabolite Reduces Kidney Fibrosis

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenases epoxidize the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid into novel epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (EDPs) that have multiple biological actions. The present study determined the ability of the most abundant EDP regioisomer, 19,20-EDP to reduce kidney injury in an experimental unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) renal fibrosis mouse model. Mice with UUO developed kidney tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis. UUO mice had elevated kidney hydroxyproline content and five-times greater collagen positive fibrotic area than sham control mice. 19,20-EDP treatment to UUO mice for 10 days reduced renal fibrosis with a 40%–50% reduction in collagen positive area and hydroxyproline content. There was a six-fold increase in kidney α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) positive area in UUO mice compared to sham control mice, and 19,20-EDP treatment to UUO mice decreased α-SMA immunopositive area by 60%. UUO mice demonstrated renal epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) with reduced expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and elevated expression of multiple mesenchymal markers (FSP-1, α-SMA, and desmin). Interestingly, 19,20-EDP treatment reduced renal EMT in UUO by decreasing mesenchymal and increasing epithelial marker expression. Overall, we demonstrate that a novel omega-3 fatty acid metabolite 19,20-EDP, prevents UUO-induced renal fibrosis in mice by reducing renal EMT.     

ATRvD1 Attenuates Renal Tubulointerstitial Injury Induced by Albumin Overload in Sepsis-Surviving Mice

Novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury and its long-term outcomes have been required and remain a challenge in critical care medicine. Therapeutic strategies using lipid mediators, such as aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (ATRvD1), can contribute to the resolution of acute and chronic inflammation. In this study, we examined the potential effect of ATRvD1 on long-term kidney dysfunction after severe sepsis. Fifteen days after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), sepsis-surviving BALB/c mice were subjected to a tubulointerstitial injury through intraperitoneal injections of bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 7 days, called the subclinical acute kidney injury (subAKI) animal model. ATRvD1 treatment was performed right before BSA injections. On day 22 after CLP, the urinary protein/creatinine ratio (UPC), histologic parameters, fibrosis, cellular infiltration, apoptosis, inflammatory markers levels, and mRNA expression were determined. ATRvD1 treatment mitigated tubulointerstitial injury by reducing proteinuria excretion, the UPC ratio, the glomerular cell number, and extracellular matrix deposition. Pro-fibrotic markers, such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), type 3 collagen, and metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and -9 were reduced after ATRvD1 administration. Post-septic mice treated with ATRvD1 were protected from the recruitment of IBA1⁺ cells. The interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels were increased in the subAKI animal model, being attenuated by ATRvD1. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-10, and IL-4 mRNA expression were increased in the kidney of BSA-challenged post-septic mice, and it was also reduced after ATRvD1. These results suggest that ATRvD1 protects the kidney against a second insult such as BSA-induced tubulointerstitial injury and fibrosis by suppressing inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators in renal dysfunction after sepsis.     

几种杀虫剂防治大豆蚜效果及对天敌的影响

[目的]通过田间药效试验从目前使用的杀蚜剂中筛选出对大豆蚜防效较好、对天敌杀伤力小的生物药剂.[结果]试验表明:苦参碱、除虫菊素具有良好的速效性和持效性,药后2d的防效最高,药后10d的防效为94％以上;吡虫啉、阿维菌素的速效性和持效性次之;抗蚜威的速效性和持效性差;药后10d防效最低,为72％.[结论]5种试验药剂中,苦参碱对天敌影响小,是防治大豆蚜的良好生物农药.     

25%阿克泰水分散粒剂防治烟蚜田间药效试验

田间试验结果表明,25%阿克泰水分散粒剂对烟蚜有良好的田间防治效果。药后3d,10000倍液对烟蚜的防治效果可达99%以上,药效与吡虫啉相当,优于氧乐果,持效期14d以上。该药剂用于田间防治时,适宜稀释浓度为10000～12000倍。     

0.1%闹羊花毒素防治菜青虫药效试验

试验结果表明：0．1％闹羊花毒素EC500倍的防效，药后1、3、7、14d分别为68．61％、84.25%、92.56%、90.20%，明显优于对照药剂40%辛硫磷EC和B.t.乳剂的效果。是目前防治菜青虫的一种较好药剂。     

灭草松对甘薯的安全性及除草生物活性测定

通过茎叶喷雾法进行了灭草松防除甘薯田阔叶杂草试验。结果表明,灭草松防除阔叶杂草反枝苋、马齿苋及碎米莎草等甘薯田具有代表性杂草有很好的除草效果,施药后40 d株数防效为80.12%～93.67%,鲜重防效为74.69%～92.95%;对甘薯安全性较好,施药后甘薯叶片有不规则触杀型药害斑,15 d后新生叶片生长正常,施药后40 d苗期蔓长及蔓鲜重与人工除草无显著性差异;甘薯收获时测产结果表明,灭草松防除甘薯田阔叶杂草对甘薯安全,除草增产效果显著。     

氟啶虫胺腈对褐飞虱的田间防治效果

[目的]明确240g/L氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂对褐飞虱的田间控制作用及最佳使用剂量。[方法]采用田间喷雾法,对氟啶虫胺腈37.5、50、75、100 ga.i./hm2四种不同剂量处理防治褐飞虱效果进行试验研究。[结果]240 g/L氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂37.5、50ga.i./hm2两种剂量处理,药后1~3 d对褐飞虱的防效为51.42%~68.51%,药后7~14 d的防效为61.00%~79.10%,与对照药剂25%噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂112.5ga.i./hm2剂量处理相比,速效性相当,但持效性差;而75、100ga.i./hm2两种剂量处理,药后1~3 d防效为67.18%~74.11%,药后7~14 d防效为81.26%~89.22%,与对照药剂25%噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂112.5ga.i./hm2剂量处理相比,速效性更好,而持效性相当。[结论]240 g/L氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂75~100 ga.i./hm2剂量喷雾处理,能有效控制褐飞虱的发生为害,可供生产上推广应用。     

12%苄·恶乳油防除水稻田杂草试验

进行了12%苄·恶乳油防除水稻田杂草试验。结果表明：水稻田移栽后6天使用12%苄·恶乳油80、100、120mL/667m2,施药后20天,对稗草的株防效为84.5%～96.88%,总株防效为86.3%～92.83%;施药后45天,对稗草的株防效为81.5%～91.5%,总株防效为83.11%～92.95%,总鲜重防效为85.28%～93.17%。12%苄·恶EC对水稻安全,其效果优于10%苄磺隆WP或12%农思它EC。     

5%啶虫脒微乳剂防治棉花蚜虫田间药效试验

2003～2004年在山西太原和榆次进行了5％啶虫脒微乳剂防治棉花蚜虫田间小区药效试验。结果表明,在棉蚜虫发生期,用5％啶虫脒微乳剂14．1～28．1ga．i．／hm^2剂量喷雾防治,药后1d的防治效果为97．4％～99．9％,药后3-7d的防治效果为96．5％～100％,等于或好于对照药剂10％吡虫啉可湿性粉剂（超微）30．0ga．i．／hm^2处理的防效,持效期可达7d以上。