增产胺的合成与应用

在相转移催化条件下，３，４－二氯苯酚和二乙氨基乙基溴合成增产胺，产率达９４％。田间实验表明，增产胺促进棉花早发，增花增蕾，提高成铃率，从而使皮棉亩产增加了３３．５６％。     

增产胺在大豆上的应用效果初报

研究了不同浓度的增胺在大豆生长的几个时期喷施，对大豆植株、农艺性状、产量、产量结构、蛋白质、脂肪含量的影响，发现４０￣６０ｐｐｍ增产胺在初花期喷施效果显著，并进行了大田示范。     

新型植物生长调节剂2—（2，4—二氯苯氧基）三乙胺的合成与应用

采用二氯乙烷为原料合成了植物生长调节剂2－（2，4-二氯苯氧基）三乙胺，总收率达60％－68％。田间试验表明，该调节剂对大豆具有增强光合作用、使植株化、促进分枝、增花增荚的作用。大豆产量增加8．0％－16．4％。     

高效甜菜专用肥配方筛选及肥效试验

介绍了硼、锰、锌、锌等微量元素和稀土与氮，磷肥复配成颗粒肥施用于甜菜的增产增糖效果，先后试验了１６种配方，从中筛选出了最佳配方，该配方肥比磷酸二铵增产１７１￣２５７ｋｇ／亩，增糖份０．６％，比不施增产９００ｋｇ／亩左右，增加糖份１．２％￣２．２％，对实验数据进行回归处理，得出了施肥与甜菜产量的回归方程：ｙ＝２８１６＋１１．１８ｘ。最佳施肥量为３０ｋｇ／亩。     

粉煤灰磁化肥在南阳黄褐土上的增产效果

根据近两年来的研究结果,粉煤灰磁化肥在南阳黄褐土上有一定的增产作用,与等量氮、磷、钾肥料相比,大豆、花生的增产幅度为5．3％－9．9％,对大豆的增产作用表现在分枝数、每株荚数、百粒重及根瘤的提高、改善和增加。     

新型植物生长调节剂2-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)三乙胺的合成与应用

采用二氯乙烷为原料合成了植物生长调节剂２－ （２,４－ 二氯苯氧基）三乙胺,总收率达６０ ％ ～６８％ 。田间试验表明,该调节剂对大豆具有增强光合作用、使植株矮化、促进分枝、增花增荚的作用。大豆产量增加８．０ ％ ～１６．４ ％ 。     

巴西农药市场状况及产品注册

在过去的15年中，巴西的农业产值每年以大约6％的速度增长，到2004年占巴西国民生产总值的42％。农业企业出口达390亿美元。2004到2005年间，谷类（包括大豆和玉米）的总产量创记录的达到12．34亿吨，比历史最高年份增产3．6％，增加4849万吨。巴西是世界上最大的酒精、橙汁、烟草出口国，大豆产量处于世界第二位，玉米产量世界第三位。     

甲基异柳磷混配拌种防治大豆病虫害的试验研究

１９９４－１９９５年通过室内盆栽和田间试验示范结果表明，应用甲基异柳磷与多菌灵和硼钼微肥混配拦种，对大豆安全无害，对大事产根潜蝇，根腐病和大豆胞囊线虫病防效分别为９３．１％，６４．９％和６７．６，比不处理对照增产１２．０－３０．３％。     

增产胺对玉米,大豆生长发育及产量的影响

增产胺化学名称为2—(3,4—二氯苯氧基)三乙胺,早在1977年即报道有促进植物生长的作用,可以大幅度增加银胶菊的橡胶产量。发现者认为其原因是影响了银胶菊的光合作用系统,并据此推测可能对所有绿色植物都具有生长调节效力,随后又介绍了在田间小区80ppm使大豆增产25％的试验结果。以上进展引起了人们广泛的关注,但近年来未见其扩大试验应用的新报道。为了明确在农业上的应用价值,我们用高光效作物玉米及重要经济作物大豆进行了田间单株观察和小区试验。     

美国批准杜邦的两种大豆除草剂

美国已批准杜邦的两种大豆除草剂,这两种除草剂均含有已建立市场地位的磺酰脲除草剂和Valent公司开发的丙炔氟草胺两种成分。这两种大豆除草剂的名称为：①Enlite[flumioxazinc丙炔氧草胺]36．2％＋chlorimuror—ethyl（氯嘧磺隆）2．9％＋thifensulfuron—methyl（噻吩磺隆）8．8％]。     

Postnatal Growth Restriction in Mice Alters Cardiac Protein Composition and Leads to Functional Impairment in Adulthood

Postnatal growth restriction (PGR) increases the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood, yet there is minimal mechanistic rationale for the observed pathology. The purpose of this study was to identify proteomic differences in hearts of growth-restricted and unrestricted mice, and propose mechanisms related to impairment in adulthood. Friend leukemia virus B (FVB) mouse dams were fed a control (CON: 20% protein), or low-protein (LP: 8% protein) isocaloric diet 2 weeks before mating. LP dams produce 20% less milk, inducing growth restriction. At birth (postnatal; PN1), pups born to dams fed the CON diet were switched to LP dams (PGR group) or a different CON dam. At PN21, a sub-cohort of CON (n = 3 males; n = 3 females) and PGR (n = 3 males; n = 3 females) were euthanized and their proteome analyzed by two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) and mass spectroscopy. Western blotting and silver nitrate staining confirmed 2D DIGE results. Littermates (CON: n = 4 males and n = 4 females; PGR: n = 4 males and n = 4 females) were weaned to the CON diet. At PN77, echocardiography measured cardiac function. At PN80, hearts were removed for western blotting to determine if differences persisted into adulthood. 2D DIGE and western blot confirmation indicated PGR had reductions in p57^kip2, Titin (Ttn), and Collagen (Col). At PN77, PGR had impaired cardiac function as measured by echocardiography. At PN80, western blots of p57^kip2 showed protein abundance recovered from PN21. PN80 silver staining of large molecular weight proteins (Ttn and Col) was reduced in PGR. PGR reduces cell cycle activity at PN21, which is recovered in adulthood. However, collagen fiber networks are altered into adulthood.     

THE MODIFIED PGR EQUATION OF STATE: ASYMMETRIC MIXTURE VLE REPRESENTATIONS AND PREDICTIONS

A set of mixing rules was proposed for the modified Park-Gasem-Robinson (PGR) equation of state (EOS) to extend its predictions to mixtures. The phase behavior predictive capability of this segment-segment interaction model was evaluated for selected binary asymmetric mixtures involving ethane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen in normal paraffins. The predicted bubble point pressures for the ethane + n-paraffin and carbon dioxide + n-paraffin binaries were compared to those of the Peng-Robinson (PR), simplified perturbed hard-chain theory (SPHCT), and original PGR equations. The a priori predictive capability of the modified PGR EOS is significantly better than that of the PR, SPHCT, and original PGR equations of state for ethane binaries with absolute-average percent deviation (%AAD) of 5%. However, this EOS produces comparable representations for ethane binaries (%AAD of 1.9%) and carbon dioxide binaries (%AAD of 2.0). For hydrogen binaries, the modified PGR EOS showed much better representations (%AAD of 1.7) than the original PGR equation and was comparable to the PR equation.     

Effect of Silicon and Plant Growth Regulators on the Biology and Fitness of Fall Armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda,a Recently Invaded Pest of Maize in India

Silicon - Silicon (Si) and Plant growth regulators (PGR’s) are known to induce resistance against various insect pests. A study was conducted to determine the effect of Si and PGR’s on...     

THE MODIFIED PGR EQUATION OF STATE: ASYMMETRIC MIXTURE VLE REPRESENTATIONS AND PREDICTIONS

A set of mixing rules was proposed for the modified Park-Gasem-Robinson (PGR) equation of state (EOS) to extend its predictions to mixtures. The phase behavior predictive capability of this segment-segment interaction model was evaluated for selected binary asymmetric mixtures involving ethane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen in normal paraffins. The predicted bubble point pressures for the ethane + n-paraffin and carbon dioxide + n-paraffin binaries were compared to those of the Peng-Robinson (PR), simplified perturbed hard-chain theory (SPHCT), and original PGR equations. The a priori predictive capability of the modified PGR EOS is significantly better than that of the PR, SPHCT, and original PGR equations of state for ethane binaries with absolute-average percent deviation (%AAD) of 5%. However, this EOS produces comparable representations for ethane binaries (%AAD of 1.9%) and carbon dioxide binaries (%AAD of 2.0). For hydrogen binaries, the modified PGR EOS showed much better representations (%AAD of 1.7) than the original PGR equation and was comparable to the PR equation.     

植物生长调节剂的毒性研究进展

滥用植物生长调节剂(PGR)所导致的残留问题严重影响了人类的身体健康.常见的PGR毒性反应包括以下几方面:生殖毒性方面,可影响个体性激素水平、促进生精细胞的凋亡及抑制精子的活性;肝毒性方面,可干扰肝中ALT、AST和LDH等血清酶的活性,损伤肝细胞以及改变肝组织的正常形态;此外,PGR还具有免疫毒性、神经毒性、致畸、致...     

石英反应器中硝基物的光催化还原

研究了在石英反应器(QGR)中,用纳米TiO2 将对氯硝基苯(PCNB)光催化还原为对氯苯胺(PCA)的反应,并与在Pyrex玻璃反应器(PGR)中的反应进行了对比,讨论了反应器壁材质、反应时间、溶剂及催化剂种类的影响。QGR优良的透光性使反应速率提高,但光解副反应也增加。在QGR中,P25型TiO2 使PCA产率达到82 29%仅需 1h,而在PGR中需要 7 .5h。在反应的前 4h,A101型TiO2 使QGR中PCA产率高于PGR;但 4h以后,PCA产率下降。光催化还原反应具有典型的连串反应特征,还原过程中,PCA存在一最高产率,PCNB起始质量浓度为 0. 63、1 .26、2 .56mg/L时,P25催化的PCA的最高产率分别为 82 .29%、76 .06%和 77 .56%。反应体系中水量增多,会明显抑制光催化还原反应。P25催化剂的催化性能优于A101,在QGR中,光催化还原 1h,P25使PCA产率高达 82 .29%,而用A101时PCA产率仅为 26. 09%。     

Molecular species and fatty acid distributions of triacylglycerols from germinating soybean cotyledons

Molecular species and fatty acid distributions of triacylglycerols obtained from cotyledons of soybean seedlings were investigated. Changes observed in triacylglycerol content were closely related to levels of total lipids present in the cotyledons. At day 12 of seedling growth, ca. 85% of triacylglycerols had been consumed. Immediately after the beginning of imbibition the oil consisted of triacylglycerols with even carbon numbers (from C-50 to C-60) based on the combined length of the fatty acyl chains present in a triacylglycerol. The dominant components throughout germination were C-52 and C-54 triacylglycerols. Fourteen molecular species of triacylglycerols were identified in the cotyledons. As soybean seedlings grew, the percentages of triacylglycerols decreased to 0.9–36.2% during the 12 days. Triacylglycerols containing one or more saturated fatty acids were hydrolyzed slightly faster than other species. Unsaturated fatty acids were dominant in the 2-position throughout germination. These results suggest the mechanism of initial triacylglycerol hydrolysis may be different in various molecular species.     

THE MODIFIED PGR EQUATION OF STATE: PURE-FLUID PREDICTIONS

The Park-Gasem-Robinson (PGR) equation of state (EOS) has been modified to improve its volumetric and equilibrium predictions. Specifically, the attractive term of the PGR equation was modified to enhance the flexibility of the model, and a new expression was developed for the temperature dependence of the attractive term in this segment-segment interaction model.

The predictive capability of the modified PGR EOS for vapor pressure and saturated liquid and vapor densities was evaluated for selected normal paraffins, normal alkenes, cyclo-paraffins, light aromatics, argon, carbon dioxide, and water. The generalized EOS constants and substance-specific characteristic parameters in the modified PGR EOS were obtained from pure component vapor pressures and saturated liquid and vapor molar volumes. The calculated phase properties were compared with those of the Peng-Robinson (PR), the simplified-perturbed-hard-chain theory (SPHCT), and the original PGR equations. Generally, the performance of the proposed EOS (%AAD of 1.3, 2.8, and 3.7 for vapor pressure, saturated liquid, and vapor densities, respectively) was better than the SPHCT and original PGR equations in predicting the pure fluid properties.     

Relationship of seed boron concentration to germination and growth of soybean (t Glycine max)

Soybean seeds with B concentrations ≤ 10 mg B kg-¹ have been reported to have deformed cotyledons. This paper examines the relationship of seed B concentration to seed germination, seedling normality, and plant growth of soybean (Glycine max) cv. NW1 sown in soil with a range of B levels. Seed with 7 mg B kg-¹ performed poorly, with 80% failing to germinate. Moreover, 70% of the seedlings which emerged were abnormal when sown on a low B soil. Increasing soil B had no effect on germination but decreased the percentage of abnormal seedlings by one third. Seed with 10 mg B kg-¹ germinated as well as seed with 14 or 20 mg B kg-¹, but when sown on a low B soil, 80% of the seedlings were abnormal compared with 50 and 20%, respectively. Increasing soil B almost eliminated the incidence of seedling abnormality when seed contained 10 – 20 mg B kg-¹. When grown to maturity on the lowest soil B, plants from seed with 10 mg B kg-¹ produced less than half the seed yield of plants from seed with 14 or 20 mg B kg-¹. They had fewer pods per plant and fewer seeds per pod. They responded strongly to increasing soil B, so that in soil with higher B levels, plants from seed with 10, 14 or 20 mg B kg-¹ gave the same yield. The results suggested that soybean seed with a low concentration of B have permanently damaged seed embryos, preventing their germination or producing defective seedlings. At slightly higher concentrations, embryos are not permanently damaged, but require a higher level of external B for their normal development than do those with higher concentrations of seed B. In the present experiments, the critical concentration of B in soybean seed for permanent damage was between 7 and 10 mg B kg-¹, and for normal seedling development in low B soils was between 14 and 20. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

多效唑对大型蚤的慢性毒性研究

利用环境毒理学标准生物大型蚤D. magna,对植物生长调节剂类农药多效唑进行21 d慢性毒性研究。试验结果显示,多效唑对大型蚤母蚤以及F1、F2代幼蚤的存活率、生长发育、繁殖等指标均有较大的影响。多效唑对水环境的慢性影响问题不容忽视。