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1.
Effects of different concentrations of Cu on the structure, mechanical and corrosion properties of Mg-2%Zn alloy were studied by the use of x-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, standard tensile testing, polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The average grain size of the alloy decreased from above 1000 μm to about 200 μm with 5 wt.% Cu addition in as-cast condition. Microstructural studies revealed that Mg-2Zn-xCu alloys matrix typically consists of primary α-Mg and MgZnCu and Mg(Zn,Cu)2 intermetallics which are mainly found at the grain boundaries. The results obtained from mechanical testing ascertained that Cu addition increased the hardness values significantly. Although the addition of 0.5 wt.% Cu improved the ultimate tensile strength and elongation values, more Cu addition (i.e., 5 wt.%) weakened the tensile properties of the alloy by introducing semi-continuous network of brittle intermetallic phases. Based on polarization test results, it can be concluded that Cu eliminates a protective film on Mg-2%Zn alloy surface. Among Mg-2%Zn-x%Cu alloys, the one containing 0.1 wt.% Cu exhibited the best anti-corrosion property. However, further Cu addition increased the volume fraction of intermetallics culminating in corrosion rate enhancement due to the galvanic couple effect. EIS and microstructural analysis also confirmed the polarization results.  相似文献   

2.
In this work, the microstructure and mechanical properties of rapidly solidified Ti50?x/2Ni50?x/2Hf x (x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 at.%) and Ti50?y/2Ni50?y/2Si y (y = 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 at.%) shape memory alloys (SMAs) were investigated. The sequence of the phase formation and transformations in dependence on the chemical composition is established. Rapidly solidified Ti-Ni-Hf or Ti-Ni-Si SMAs are found to show relatively high yield strength and large ductility for specific Hf or Si concentrations, which is due to the gradual disappearance of the phase transformation from austenite to twinned martensite and the predominance of the phase transformation from twinned martensite to detwinned martensite during deformation as well as to the refinement of dendrites and the precipitation of brittle intermetallic compounds.  相似文献   

3.
The results of investigation of the influence of additions of 2 and 3 at.% of Sn and simultaneously of Sn and 3 at.% Nb on microstructure and properties of the bulk metallic glasses of composition (Ti40Cu36?x Zr10Pd14Sn x )100?y Nb y are reported. It was found that the additions of Sn increased the temperatures of glass transition (T g), primary crystallization (T x ), melting, and liquidus as well as supercooled liquid range (ΔT) and glass forming ability (GFA). The nanohardness and elastic modulus decreased in alloys with 2 and 3 at.% Sn additions, revealing similar values. The 3 at.% Nb addition to the Sn-containing amorphous phase decreased as well all the T g, T x , T L, and T m temperatures as ΔT and GFA; however, relatively larger values of this parameters in alloys containing larger Sn content were preserved. In difference to the previously published results, in the case of the amorphous alloys containing small Nb and Sn additions, a noticeable amount of the quenched-in crystalline phases was not confirmed, at least of the micrometric sizes. In the case of the alloys containing Sn or both Sn and Nb, two slightly different amorphous phase compositions were detected, suggesting separation in the liquid phase. Phase composition of the alloys determined after amorphous phase crystallization was similar for all compositions. The phases Cu8Zr3, CuTiZr, and Pd3Zr were mainly identified in the proportions dependent on the alloy compositions.  相似文献   

4.
In the present work, we studied the microstructure, phase constitution, and corrosion performance of Al88Pd12, Al77Pd23, Al72Pd28, and Al67Pd33 alloys (metal concentrations are given in at.%). The alloys were prepared by repeated arc melting of Al and Pd granules in argon atmosphere. The as-solidified samples were further annealed at 700 °C for 500 h. The microstructure and phase constitution of the as-solidified and as-annealed alloys were studied by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The alloys were found to consist of (Al), ε n (~ Al3Pd), and δ (Al3Pd2) in various fractions. The corrosion testing of the alloys was performed in aqueous NaCl (0.6 M) using a standard 3-electrode cell monitored by potentiostat. The corrosion current densities and corrosion potentials were determined by Tafel extrapolation. The corrosion potentials of the alloys were found between ? 763 and ? 841 mV versus Ag/AgCl. An active alloy dissolution has been observed, and it has been found that (Al) was excavated, whereas Al in ε n was de-alloyed. The effects of bulk chemical composition, phase occurrence and microstructure on the corrosion behavior are evaluated. The local nobilities of ε n and δ are discussed. Finally, the conclusions about the alloy’s corrosion resistance in saline solutions are provided.  相似文献   

5.
FeCrMoVTi x (x values represent the molar ratio, where x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) high-entropy alloys were prepared by a vacuum arc melting method. The effects of Ti element on the microstructure and room-temperature mechanical properties of the as-cast FeCrMoVTi x alloys were investigated. The results show that the prepared alloys exhibited typical dendritic microstructure and the size of the microstructure became fine with increasing Ti content. The FeCrMoV alloy exhibited a single body-centered cubic structure (BCC1) and the alloys prepared with Ti element exhibited BCC1 + BCC2 mixed structure. The new BCC2 phase is considered as (Fe, Ti)-rich phase and was distributed in the dendrite region. With the increase of Ti content, the volume fraction of the BCC2 phase increased and its shape changed from a long strip to a network. For the FeCrMoV alloy, the fracture strength, plastic strain, and hardness reached as high as 2231 MPa, 28.2%, and 720 HV, respectively. The maximum hardness of 887 HV was obtained in the FeCrMoVTi alloy. However, the fracture strength, yield stress, and plastic strain of the alloys decreased continuously as Ti content increased. In the room-temperature compressive test, the alloys showed typical brittle fracture characteristics.  相似文献   

6.
The binary manganese-antimony (Mn-Sb) phase diagram was reinvestigated in the whole composition range using powder-XRD, DTA and SEM-EDX. The phase boundaries and melting temperatures of the ferromagnetic phases MnSb and Mn2Sb were modified by taking into account the new experimental data. Most of the reaction temperatures could be verified within a range of ±10 °C. Nevertheless, a few temperatures had to be revised, such as the eutectic reaction L → β-Mn + Mn 2 Sb at 893 °C and the eutectoid reaction β-Mn → α-Mn + Mn 2 Sb at 718 °C. The previously reported peritectic melting behavior of MnSb could be confirmed. The variation of the lattice parameters of the NiAs-(B8 1 ) type MnSb phase with composition was determined. A revised version of the of the Mn-Sb phase diagram is presented.  相似文献   

7.
The effects of tungsten addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of near-eutectic AlCoCrFeNi2 high-entropy alloy were investigated in this paper. The AlCoCrFeNi2W x alloys comprised the primary BCC phase plus eutectic FCC/BCC phases. It was found that W element can both promote the formation of the primary BCC phase and act as a solid solution strengthening element. The hardness of the AlCoCrFeNi2W x alloys increased from HV 293 to HV 356.2 with the increase in W content. The addition of W element improved the strength of alloys but reduced ductility. Thereinto, the AlCoCrFeNi2W0.2 alloy showed the most excellent compressive properties with the fracture strength of 2785.9 MPa and the plastic strain of 0.42, respectively, which implied the potential industrial application values.  相似文献   

8.
By introducing Cu, AlCoCrFeNiCu x (x values in molar ratio, x = 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5) alloys were designed and prepared. The effects of Cu on microstructure and properties of AlCoCrFeNi alloy were investigated. The introduction of Cu results in the formation of Cu-rich FCC solid solution phase when Cu content is low. There are two FCC solid solution phases, i.e., Cu-rich FCC solid solution phase and phase transformation-induced FCC solid solution phase, when the Cu content is more than 1.0. Both the yield stress and plastic strain of alloy show a turning point when the Cu content is 0.5. Among the seven alloys, Cu0.5 alloy exhibits the largest yield stress of 1187 MPa and the lowest plastic strain of 16.01 %.  相似文献   

9.
Co-Cu alloys were prepared by mechanical alloying using different reaction mixtures (mechanical mixture of Co and Cu powders, composite powders (Co(100 ? y)P(y))100 ? x /Cu x with a crystalline core, and composite powders (Co(100 ? y)P(y))100 ? x /Cu x with an amorphous core). The use of a complex of structural and magnetostructural methods showed that these alloys are nonuniform nanocomposite materials consisting of two phases, namely, copper- and cobalt-based solid solutions. During the mechanical alloying of the composite powders, parameters that are sensitive to the short-range-order structure of both phases were found to be changed, namely, the lattice parameter in the Cu-based solid solution as determined from X-ray diffraction patterns, and the Bloch constant that is sensitive to the short-range order in the Co-based solid solution change. In the alloys prepared by mechanical alloying of composite powders with an amorphous core, the lattice parameter a and the Bloch constant B reach values corresponding to metastable Co100 ? x Cu x solid solutions in milling times of 1.5–2.0 h. These times are lower by 1–2 orders of magnitude than the typical times that are necessary for forming metastable Co-Cu solid solutions by standard methods of mechanical alloying from mixtures of powders.  相似文献   

10.
In this work, a new refractory high-entropy alloy, the Co-Cr-Mo-Nb-Ti system, was proposed as a family of candidate materials for high-temperature structural applications. CoCrMoNbTi x (x values in terms of molar ratios, x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5 and 1.0) alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melting. The effects of variations in the Ti content on the phase constituents, microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys were investigated using x-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and compressive testing. The results showed that the CoCrMoNbTi0.4 alloy possessed a typical cast dendritic microstructure consisting of a single body-centered cubic (BCC) solid solution. Laves phases (Cr2Nb and Co2Ti) were formed in other alloys with different Ti contents. The results were discussed in terms of the mixing enthalpy, atomic size difference, electronegativity difference and valance electron concentrations among the elements within alloys. The alloy hardness exhibited a slightly decreasing trend as the Ti content increased, resulting from the coarser microstructure and reduced amount of Laves phases. Augmented Ti content increased the compressive strength, but decreased the ductility. Particularly, for the CoCrMoNbTi0.2 alloy, the hardness, compressive strength and fracture strain were as high as 916.46 HV0.5, 1906 MPa and 5.07%, respectively. The solid solution strengthening of the BCC matrix and the formation of hard Laves phases were two main factors contributing to alloy strengthening.  相似文献   

11.
Phases and microstructures of three high Zncontaining Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys were investigated by means of thermodynamic calculation method, optica microscopy(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM)energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) analysis. The results indicate that similar dendritic network morphologies are found in these three Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys. The as-cast 7056 aluminum alloy consists of aluminum solid solution, coarse Al/Mg(Cu, Zn, Al)_2 eutectic phases, and fine intermetallic compounds g(MgZn_2). Both of as-cast 7095 and 7136 aluminum alloys involve a(Al)eutectic Al/Mg(Cu, Zn, Al)_2, intermetallic g(MgZn_2), and h(Al_2Cu). During homogenization at 450 °C, fine g(MgZn_2) can dissolve into matrix absolutely. After homogenization at 450 °C for 24 h, Mg(Cu, Zn, Al)_2 phase in 7136 alloy transforms into S(Al_2Cu Mg) while no change is found in 7056 and 7095 alloys. The thermodynamic calculation can be used to predict the phases in high Zncontaining Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys.  相似文献   

12.
The isothermal section of the Co-Mo-Zr ternary system at 1000 °C was investigated by using 29 alloys. The annealed alloys were examined by means of x-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and electron probe microanalysis. It was confirmed that three ternary phases, λ1 (Co0.5-1.5Mo1.5-0.5Zr, hP12-MgZn2), ω (CoMoZr4) and κ (CoMo4Zr9, hP28-Hf9Mo4B), exist in the Co-Mo-Zr ternary system at 1000 °C. And the experimental results also indicated that there are sixteen three-phase regions at 1000 °C. Thirteen of them were well determined in the present work: (1) (γCo)?+?Co11Zr2?+?Co23Zr6, (2) (γCo)?+?Co23Zr6?+?ε-Co3Mo, (3) Co23Zr6?+?ε-Co3Mo?+?μ-Co7Mo6, (4) (Mo)?+?μ-Co7Mo6?+?Co2Zr, (5) (Mo)?+?Co2Zr?+?λ1, (6) (Mo)?+?Mo2Zr?+?λ1, (7) λ1?+?Mo2Zr?+?CoZr, (8) Co2Zr?+?CoZr?+?λ1, (9) Mo2Zr?+?CoZr2?+?ω, (10) κ?+?Mo2Zr?+?ω, (11) CoZr2?+?liquid?+?ω, (12) (βZr)?+?liquid?+?ω and (13) (βZr)?+?κ?+?ω. The homogeneity of λ1 spans in the range of 28.66-50.77 at.% Co and 15.71-37.03 at.% Mo, and that for ω is within the range of 18.66-23.64 at.% Co and 8.53-14.68 at.% Mo. The homogeneity range for κ is from 8.09 at.% to 9.94 at.% Co and 23.13 at.% to 25.58 at.% Mo. The maximum solubility of Zr in μ-Co7Mo6 phase, Mo in Co2Zr phase and Co in Mo2Zr phase were determined to be 6.17, 11.27 and 9.14 at.%, respectively. While the solubility of Zr in ε-Co3Mo and (γCo) phases, Mo in Co11Zr2 and CoZr phases were detected to be extremely small. According to this work, the Co23Zr6 phase contained 15.61 at.% Mo and 12.7 at.% Zr. In addition, the maximum solubility of Co and Zr in (Mo) phase and Mo in (γCo) phase were measured to be 3.50, 5.44 and 7.40 at.%, respectively.  相似文献   

13.
In the present paper, the aging precipitation and coarsening of disk-like δ-Ni2Si particles in Cu and Cu-10Zn alloys aged at 450 °C have been investigated by hardness, electric resistivity measurement and transmission electron microscopy observation. The coarsening dynamics of the average diameter of the δ-Ni2Si particles coincides with the t 1/3 time law for both alloys. The coarsening of the diminution of supersaturation related to aging time t coincides with the t ?1/3 time rule. Adding Zn to the Cu-Ni-Si alloy increases the growth and coarsening rate of the particles mainly because of the increased diffusivity D of the δ-Ni2Si particles in the matrix. The value of D of the δ-Ni2Si particles in the Cu-xZn (x = 0, 10 wt.%) matrix and the Cu/δ-Ni2Si interfacial energy γ are independently calculated by using the Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner theory which was extended to include disk-like particles by Boyd and Nicholson. The values of D and γ increase from 0.77 × 10?19 to 2.21 × 10?19 m2/s and 0.19 to 0.63 J/m2, respectively, when Zn is added to the Cu-Ni-Si alloy. These calculations and the analysis show that the properties of Cu-Ni-Si-Zn alloy can significantly be enhanced by reducing the aging temperature.  相似文献   

14.
The isothermal section at 600 °C of the La-Zn-Si system was established by using equilibrated alloys and the diffusion couple technique. Microstructural observation and phase identification were performed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and a wave dispersive x-ray spectrometer, and x-ray powder diffraction. Seven ternary compounds were identified in this ternary system, and temporally designated as τ 1, τ 2, τ 3, τ 4, τ 5, τ 6 and τ 7. Two previously reported ternary compounds, viz. τ 1 and τ 2, were found to exist at 600 °C. EDS analysis revealed that the τ 1 phase contained Si from 2.4 to 6.1 at.% and La from 22.3 to 23.3 at.%. The compositional region of the τ 2 single-phase ranged from 28.3 to 40.7 at.% for Si and from 31.5 to 33.1 at.% for La. Two new ternary phases, τ 5 and τ 6, were identified. The τ 5 phase with the CeNiSi2-type was determined to have a composition range of 36.9-39.2 at.% Si for about 24 at.% La. The τ 6 phase with the ThCr2Si2-type was found to have a composition range of 18.9-19.7 at.% La and 27.4-30.6 at.% Si. The crystal structures of τ 3, τ 4, and τ 7 were not determined. The solubility of Si in LaZn13, LaZn11, La2Zn17, La3Zn22, and LaZn5 was negligible, and that of Si in LaZn4, LaZn2 and Zn in LaSi2, La3Si2 was determined as 5.1, 2.3, 16.2 and 3.8 at.%, respectively.  相似文献   

15.
TbCo2Mnx (x ≤ 1) alloys were synthesized and their crystal structure, heat capacity, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties were studied. Single-phase compounds with the MgCu2-type structure were formed at х < 0.4. In alloys with х > 0.4, additional phases with the PuNi3- and Th6Mn23-type structures form. It was shown that there is a substantial increase in the Curie temperature and magnetic moment of 3d?metal sublattice of the nonstoichiometric compounds when compared to those of the TbCo2 binary compound. The magnetocaloric effect of single- and multiphase alloys were estimated based on magnetic and heat capacity measurements.  相似文献   

16.
A series of FeCo-based thin films were prepared by magnetron sputtering without applying an induced magnetic field.The microstructure,electrical properties,magnetic properties and thermal stability of FeCo,FeCoSiN monolayer thin film and[FeCoSiN/SiN_x]_n multilayer thin film were investigated systematically.When FeCo thin film was doped with Si and N,the resistivity and soft magnetic properties of the obtained FeCoSiN thin film can be improved effectively.The coercivity(H_c),resistivity(ρ) and ferromagnetic resonance frequency(f_r) can be further optimized for the[FeCoSiN/SiN_x]_n multilayer thin film.When the thickness of FeCoSiN layer and SiN_x layer is maintained at 7 and 2 nm,the H_c,p and f_r for[FeCoSiN/SiN_x]_n multilayer thin film are 225 A·m~(-1)392 μΩ·cm~(-1) and 4.29 GHz,respectively.In addition,the low coercivity of easy axis(H_(ce) ≈ 506 A·m~(-1)) of[FeCoSiN/SiN_x]_n multilayer thin film can be maintained after annealing at 300 ℃ in air for 2 h.  相似文献   

17.
In this paper, the isothermal section at 1273 K and liquidus projection of ternary Ni-Al-Os system in Ni-rich region were firstly measured by using 6 annealed and 6 as-cast Ni-Al-Os alloys with 65 at.% Ni in combination with x-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and electron probe microanalysis techniques. For the determined partial isothermal section at 1273 K, 2 single-phase, 4 two-phase and 2 three-phase regions were observed. The solubilities of Os in both γ and γ′ phases were also determined. For the proposed liquidus projection, four primary surfaces of γ′, γ, β and δ, and two invariant reactions were identified. Secondly, the microhardness of both as-cast and annealed alloys were measured. The evolution trend of microhardness in both as-cast and annealed alloys with Os addition generally increases first, and then decreases. Thirdly, the further comprehensive discussion on possible substitution of Re by Os in new-generation nickel-based single-crystal superalloys were performed in terms of strengthening degree, high-temperature creep resistance, and possibility for formation of harmful topologically close-packed phases. It was finally concluded that Os may be used as a new additional element to replace or partly replace Re in Ni-based single crystal superalloys.  相似文献   

18.
The phase equilibria of the Co-Cu-V ternary system at 900, 1000, 1100 and 1200 °C have been experimentally determined by optical microscopy and electron probe micro-analysis of the equilibrated alloys. The phase transformations were investigated by means of the differential scanning calorimetry. Based on the experimental data of phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties, the thermodynamic assessment of the Co-Cu-V ternary system was carried out by using the calculation of phase diagrams method. A consistent set of the thermodynamic parameters leading to reasonable agreement between the calculated results and experimental data was obtained in the Co-Cu-V ternary system. Meanwhile, the calculated results show that the critical temperature of metastable magnetically induced miscibility gap of (α f Co) and (α p Co) phases in the Co-V system gradually decreases with increasing Cu composition in the range of 0-3 wt.% additions.  相似文献   

19.
The effects of the introduction of Ce to La1?x Ce x Fe11.5Si1.5 alloys on 1:13 phase formation mechanism, the first-order magnetic phase transition strengthening characteristics, and magnetocaloric property were studied, respectively. The results show that the formation mechanisms of 1:13 and LaFeSi phases in La1?x Ce x Fe11.5Si1.5 alloys are the same as those of Ce2Fe17 and CeFe2 phases in Ce–Fe binary system, respectively. The substitution of Ce in 1:13 phase which is limited can make the first-order magnetic phase transition characteristics strengthen, which can make thermal and magnetic hysteresis increase, the temperature interval of temperature-induced phase transition decrease, and the critical magnetic field of field-induced magnetic phase transition (H C) increase, respectively. Owing to the lattice shrink of 1:13 phase with the increase in Ce content, the Curie temperatures (T C) show a linear decrease. The maximum change in magnetic entropy gradually increases due to the decrease in temperature interval of temperature-induced phase transition, but the relative cooling capacities are all about 80 J·kg?1 at magnetic field of 2 T.  相似文献   

20.
The phase diagram of the (Sb2Te3)100?x –InSb x system was determined based on x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA), and microhardness and density measurements. An intermediate compound with composition Sb2Te3·2InSb was formed as a result of syntectic reaction, melting incongruently at 553 °C. This compound has tetragonal lattice with unit cell parameters of a = 4.3937 Å, b = 4.2035 Å, c = 3.5433 Å, α = 93.354°, and β = γ = 90°. Sb2Te3·(2 + δ)InSb (?1 ≤ δ ≤ +1) and (Sb2Te3)100?x (InSb) x (90 ≤ x ≤ 100) solid solutions exist in the investigated system, based on the intermediate compound Sb2Te3·2InSb and on InSb, respectively. Also, two invariant equilibria exist in the system, with eutectic point coordinates at compositions of x = 60 and x ≈ 85 mol% InSb and eutectic temperatures of T E = 541 and T E ≈ 501 °C, respectively.  相似文献   

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