Reliability Study and Life Estimation of a Centrifugal Impeller,Under Multiaxial Variable Amplitude Loading

An application level study of multiaxial variable amplitude loading condition is presented here, by taking centrifugal impeller used in a gas turbine engine as the model for the study. Algorithms proposed by Bannantine and Socie (BS) and Wang and Brown (WB) were used for counting the damage cycles resulting from the service loading conditions. To estimate the damage parameter and fatigue damage, multiaxial fatigue damage models proposed by Fatemi and Socie (FS) and Smith–Watson–Topper (SWT) were used. The theoretical results were validated through a reliability study using Weibull models. Field data for this study were collected from 18 centrifugal impeller sets removed from different gas turbine engines that were brought to the shop for inspection. The reliabilities of life estimated by the FS model using algorithms proposed by BS and WB were found to fall within 80 and 82%, respectively. The SWT model estimated the life of the centrifugal impeller with reliabilities of 98 and 98.5% using the same algorithms. Appreciable differences in fatigue life were not observed for this application when algorithms proposed by BS or WB were used to count the damage cycles.     

变幅载荷下纤维金属层板的疲劳与寿命预测

文章建立了纤维金属层板等幅疲劳载荷下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率与寿命预测模型。在此基础上对玻璃纤维-铝合金层板（GLARE）的疲劳裂纹扩展与分层扩展行为进行了试验研究,探讨了层板过载疲劳行为的机理,提出了纤维金属层板变幅载荷下疲劳寿命预测的等效裂纹闭合模型,并在GLARE层板上得到了验证。     

Effect of Fatigue Damage Parameter on the Cumulative Life of a Turbine Rotor Under Multiaxial Loading

The effect of the fatigue damage parameter on the cumulative life of a high-speed turbine rotor has been estimated through finite element approach. Two most commonly used multiaxial fatigue damage models based on critical plane approach-Fatemi Socie (FS) model, and Kandil Brown and Miller model (KBM) have been used to estimate the fatigue life. Structural integrity test was carried out in spin test facility to validate the simulation results. KBM model for fatigue life estimation and LMP model for creep damage predicted a cumulative life within a factor of 1.5 scatter band of the experimental value. The combination of FS model for fatigue life estimation and LMP model could predict cumulative life only within a scatter band of 2. Some of the shortcomings attributed to LDS method can be obviated using a suitable fatigue damage parameter. The study provides invaluable input and confidence for the life prediction of high-speed gas turbine rotors.     

Damage Tolerance Evaluation of Rotorcraft Horizontal Tail Under Variable Amplitude Service Loading Conditions

Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention - To ensure the safe operation of the helicopter throughout its lifetime, the primary structure has to be designed taking into account damage tolerance...     

2A12铝合金的多轴加载疲劳行为

采用SDN100/1000电液伺服拉扭复合疲劳试验机对2A12铝合金进行多关键参数的多轴疲劳性能研究,通过对断口的微观分析探究疲劳失效机理。结果表明:等效应力加载条件下,随拉扭相位差的增加疲劳寿命降低,0°相位差下断面裂纹源区能观察到轮胎状、鱼骨状以及钟乳石状的特殊形貌,裂纹扩展区存在二次裂纹和模糊的疲劳条带;分别改变拉、扭平均应力,多轴疲劳寿命均降低,裂纹源区能看到白色絮状的氧化物,瞬断区存在二次裂纹和剪切型韧窝;不同加载波形条件下,正弦波对应最长的多轴疲劳寿命,三角波次之,方波时最短且体现出最大的结构耗能。低-高两级加载条件下,材料产生锻炼效应。     

拉弯扭比例加载下50CrVA弹簧钢的多轴疲劳寿命及损伤特征

用MTS 809拉-扭电液伺服材料试验机研究50CrVA弹簧钢标准试样以及各偏心试样在比例加载下的多轴疲劳寿命,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对疲劳断口形貌进行观察。结果表明:比例加载下当弯曲应力幅值不超过等效应力的11%时,附加弯矩对试样的疲劳寿命无影响。各试样断口在疲劳扩展前期可以观察到轮胎花样;疲劳裂纹的扩展方向有周向和径向两种。断口上的疲劳特征为综合应力作用的结果;沿径向和周向分布的疲劳条带分别为轴向应力作用和扭转切应力作用的结果。     

不同应力幅比加载下2A12铝合金的多轴疲劳性能

采用SDN100/1000电液伺服拉扭复合疲劳试验机对2A12铝合金进行不同应力幅比下的多轴疲劳实验,观察试样断口形貌并结合加载过程中的疲劳循环曲线进行失效机理分析。结果表明:单级加载条件下,随应力幅比的增加合金的疲劳寿命提高,纯扭转条件下断面存在平整的光滑区域,随应力幅比的增加断面划痕减少,并能观察到疲劳条带以及鱼骨状、鳞片状和蜂窝状特殊形貌;不同应力幅比累积路径下,多轴疲劳寿命随一级加载周次变化的规律不同;高-低应力幅比累积路径下,拉压方向一级高应力幅比加载阶段出现明显的循环硬化现象,材料产生"锻炼效应"。     

A New Approach to Characterization of Gas Turbine Components Affected by Pitting Corrosion

Among gas turbine components such as compressor blades made of precipitation-hardened martensitic stainless steel, a phenomenon known as pitting corrosion can occur on the surfaces of components during exposure to a marine environment. This can lead to surface degradation followed by crack initiation and further propagation with high-cycle fatigue as the main mode of damage. In order to obtain detailed statistical characterization of pitting severity, which may enable obtaining preventive models of the phenomena, a new study on pit size analysis and pitting inspection technique is proposed. In this investigation, pit depth values are considered as the main factor behind this type of failures. This article presents the results of pit depth assessment and other pitting characteristics with the use of confocal microscopy as a non-destructive technique. The results obtained show that confocal microscopy can be successfully used as a non-destructive tool for the evaluation of pitting severity.     

变幅荷载作用下沥青混合料的疲劳损伤试验

为了深入研究沥青混合料的疲劳性能,解决现有疲劳性能研究中没有考虑实际路面所受荷载是变幅、重复的加卸载过程这一关键问题,本文通过加载顺序和加载幅值对沥青混合料粘弹性指标的影响进行试验研究,分析了变幅荷载作用下沥青混合料劲度模量、相位角的变化,并选取耗散能作为损伤变量分析了变幅荷载下沥青混合料的疲劳损伤。试验结果表明:劲度模量与应变加载顺序有关;在低高加载顺序中,相位角在两阶段都表现为随着荷载作用次数的增加而增大,在高低加载顺序中,相位角的变化与高低应变的幅值相关;应变在高低顺序加载下累积耗散能要高于低高顺序下的累积耗散能;当采用的前后加载幅值较大时,这种现象更加明显。     

热等静压对圆形加载路径下A319铝合金多轴疲劳特性的影响

采用MTS809拉扭复合疲劳试验机、扫描电镜(SEM)研究了热等静压(Hot isostatic pressing,HIP)处理前后,圆形加载路径下,A319铝合金多轴疲劳特性。结果表明,HIP处理后,材料中的孔洞缺陷数量减少,疲劳失效过程中产生的微裂纹的数量减少且尺寸减小。相同等效应变幅值下产生的轴向应力幅值、切向应力幅值、等效应力幅值均显著增加。材料轴向上表现为先产生循环硬化而后循环软化,切向则表现为先产生循环硬化后趋于循环稳定,HIP处理前后循环软化硬化趋势大致相同。轴向应力应变滞后回线、切向扭矩扭角滞后回线面积有所降低,附加强化效果增强。     

Acoustic Emission-Based Methodology to Evaluate Delamination Crack Growth Under Quasi-static and Fatigue Loading Conditions

The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of acoustic emission (AE) technique to evaluate delamination crack in glass/epoxy composite laminates under quasi-static and fatigue loading. To this aim, double cantilever beam specimens were subjected to mode I quasi-static and fatigue loading conditions and the generated AE signals were recorded during the tests. By analyzing the mechanical and AE results, an analytical correlation between the AE energy with the released strain energy and the crack growth was established. It was found that there is a 3rd degree polynomial correlation between the crack growth and the cumulative AE energy. Using this correlation the delamination crack growth was predicted under both the static and fatigue loading conditions. The predicted crack growth values was were in a good agreement with the visually recorded data during the tests. The results indicated that the proposed AE-based method has good applicability to evaluate the delamination crack growth under quasi-static and fatigue loading conditions, especially when the crack is embedded within the structure and could not be seen visually.     

涡轮流量计在正弦脉动气体流下的测量误差

对正弦脉动气体流中涡轮流量计的测量误差进行了理论和实验研究。利用涡轮流量计在气体流中的数学模型,求出了在正弦脉动流作用下的涡轮流量计测量误差与脉动参数之间的理论关系式,并针对脉动流计算了涡轮流量计测量误差。设计了相应的实验装置,实验结果与理论计算值较为吻合。     

汽轮机变工况下调节级压力预测模型及应用

为监视汽轮机通流部分的健康状况和进行故障早期诊断,以汽轮机变工况计算为理论基础,基于弗留格尔公式和Weierstrass逼近定理,建立了调节级压力的多元回归模型。根据某660MW间接空冷机组大修后的运行数据对模型进行回归分析和验证,结果表明：模型具有很高的拟合度,自变量对因变量影响显著;稳态工况时,预测结果与实测值趋势一致,相对误差约为1.2%,实现了变工况下调节级压力软测量。将模型应用于电厂分布式控制系统中,建立了汽轮机通流部分故障的预警系统。     

Fatigue Life of S355JR Steel under Uniaxial Constant Amplitude and Random Loading Conditions

Materials Science - The results of fatigue tests of samples made of S355JR steel under random tension-compression with nonzero mean stress are presented. The procedure of experimental research is...     

Reliability Analysis of Type III Gas Storage Vessel Under Pressure Loading

Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention - This work presents the suggestion of a model for the prediction of the reliability of type III gas storage vessel under pressure, considering the...