核电汽轮机焊接转子接头在氯离子环境中的电偶腐蚀行为

为了研究焊接接头的尺寸效应对焊接接头的电偶腐蚀行为的影响,采用宏观电化学、微区电化学（SVET）、浸泡试验等试验研究了25Cr2Ni2MoV转子钢焊接接头在氯离子溶液中的电偶腐蚀行为.结果表明,焊缝的腐蚀电位最低,腐蚀电流密度最大,焊缝区作为阳极优先发生腐蚀,而母材和热影响区作为阴极区被保护.进一步运用三维形貌仪（IFM）和扫描电镜（SEM）观察腐蚀表面形貌,发现随着焊接接头尺寸的增加电偶腐蚀效应更显著,但是当接头尺寸增大到一定程度后,电偶腐蚀效应又有所减弱.     

960高强度钢激光焊接接头的组织和腐蚀性能

针对960高强度钢激光焊接接头腐蚀性能开展分析,利用扫描电镜和光学电镜分析接头微观组织;利用动电位极化技术研究接头不同区域在模拟海水中的腐蚀行为;并通过恒载荷加载装置研究接头在模拟海水中的应力腐蚀行为.结果表明,960高强度钢腐蚀规律为均匀腐蚀到点蚀再到均匀腐蚀.电化学测试结果3个区域的腐蚀速率从大到小为焊缝,热影响区,母材,且随着腐蚀的继续进行腐蚀速率减慢.热影响区粗晶区成为接头的薄弱环节,拉伸试样均断裂在热影响区.应力腐蚀使拉伸试样抗拉强度降低12%,断裂形式由韧性断裂变为准解理断裂.     

AF1410钢电子束焊接接头的腐蚀行为

针对AF1410钢电子束焊接接头,分析焊缝区、热影响区、母材区的微观组织,测试并研究各微区的电化学性能以及接头在3.5％(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.研究表明:焊缝区、热影响区、母材区的微观组织及电化学性能互相之间均存在明显差异,热影响区的自腐蚀电位最低,母材区的自腐蚀电位最高;未经热处理的AF1410钢电子束...     

添加N2保护对CMT-P复合电弧焊接头组织与性能的影响

以UNS S32750超级双相不锈钢为研究对象,采用冷金属过渡脉冲(cold metal transfer pulse,CMT-P)复合电弧焊接技术,运用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和电子探针组织表征手段以及显微硬度和低温冲击韧性性能测试方法,对比研究了纯Ar和Ar+2%N₂气体保护对焊接接头的微观组织、硬度和低温韧性的影响规律.结果表明,与纯Ar保护气相比,添加2%N₂保护的焊接过程飞溅较少,焊缝平整笔直,鱼鳞纹更加细致紧密.此外,热影响区主要由过量的铁素体和少量的奥氏体组成,并伴随有害的Cr₂N析出.因此,与CMT-P复合电弧焊接头的其它区域相比,热影响区的硬度较高和韧性较低.添加2%N₂气体保护增加了焊缝和热影响区奥氏体含量和N原子在铁素体与奥氏体内的固溶量,从而提高了接头各区域的低温韧性.     

超纯铁素体Cr30Mo2钢焊接接头的组织和力学性能

利用自制的焊接工作台,在ＴＩＧ焊基础上,对Ｃｅ３０Ｍｏ２超纯铁素体不锈施焊。焊接中对焊缝和热影响区附加拖罩和背;衬的Ａｒ气延续保护。对焊接接头质量进行宏观坶检验;借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）、透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）分析焊缝组织特征一冲击断口形貌;按国家标准测试焊接接头的力学性能。华发头上未发现任何焊接缺陷,焊接缝质量良好;其强度、延性和韧性均达到母材水平,特别是在焊缝和热影响区未出现脆化现象,冲     

X65钢焊接接头在模拟浅表海水和深海环境中的腐蚀行为对比

在实验室模拟条件下,采用失重法及电化学等方法并结合腐蚀形貌显微观察,研究了X65钢焊接接头在浅表海水和深海(1000 m)环境中的短期腐蚀行为及其机理。结果表明,X65钢焊接接头在浅表海水环境下的腐蚀速率大于深海环境下的腐蚀速率,浅表海水环境以点蚀为主,深海环境只在熔合线附近腐蚀相对较快,焊缝区腐蚀不明显;在模拟浅表海水和深海环境下,热影响区(HAZ)的腐蚀电位均低于焊缝和母材区,导致焊缝区域存在电偶效应,加速了HAZ的腐蚀,形成较厚的腐蚀产物膜。     

Study on microtexture of laser welded 5A90 aluminium–lithium alloys using electron backscattered diffraction

Abstract

The microtexture features of Nd:YAG laser welded joints in 5A90 aluminium–lithium (Al–Li) alloys were examined using electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). Microtexture was determined by means of the grain orientation image maps (OIM), pole figures (PF), misorientation angles and orientation distribution function (ODF) of the weld metal (WM), heat affected zone (HAZ) and unaffected base metal (BM) of the welded joint. The results show that there is a change of microtexture in the WM and HAZ of the welded joint in terms of the component and intensity of the texture. The HAZ of the welded joint inherits the texture characteristics of the BM, whereas the welding heat input has an important influence on the component C {112}<111>. The WM of the welded joint is composed of predominantly equiaxed grains with a random microtexture.     

超声冲击实现7A52铝合金焊接接头表面纳米化

针对7A52铝合金焊接接头表面纳米化研究尚不成熟的实际情况,利用超声冲击技术,在预设电流为2 A,超声冲击速度为1.25 min/cm2的条件下,对7A52铝合金双丝MIG焊焊接接头进行超声冲击处理,借助扫描电子显微镜及透射电子显微镜对超声冲击处理后的7A52铝合金双丝MIG焊焊接接头的表层组织进行观察、分析.发现焊接接头表层经超声冲击处理后形成塑性变形层,焊缝及热影响区的变形层厚度可达70μm左右,母材的变形层厚度可达50μm左右.同时,焊接接头表层晶粒被细化,焊缝表层的晶粒尺寸可达70~300 nm,母材的晶粒尺寸可达50~500 nm.     

Microelectrochemical corrosion study of super martensitic welds in chloride-containing media

Pitting corrosion was studied in welded joints of supermartensitic stainless steels. The electrochemical behavior of three different weldment zones (weld metal (WM), parent metal (PM) and heat affected zone (HAZ)) was characterized independently using an electrochemical minicell through potentiodynamic and potentiostatic techniques. The minicell design selected for this work has the additional advantage of showing promise for service application. Macro-electrochemical characterization was also used to provide a basis for comparison and check the effectiveness of minicell techniques in characterizing the corrosion resistance of welded super martensitic stainless steels. Minicell experiments exhibit a great capacity to discriminate between the different welding zones. The electrochemical response can be correlated with the microstructure of the different zones. Thermal cycles resulting from the welding procedure do not have an important effect on the amount of retained austenite or on the values of the pitting potential E_P in the HAZ.     

Galvanic corrosion of gas tungsten arc repair welds in 17-4PH stainless steel in 3·5% NaCl solution

Abstract

In this paper, the galvanic corrosion of individual components of a 17-4PH repair welded stainless steel in 3·5% NaCl solution was investigated using various dc electrochemical measurements and microscopy. Open circuit potential measurement of the regions in the vicinity of a repair weld [i.e. parent metal, weld metal and heat affected zone (HAZ)] in 17-4PH stainless steel in 3·5% NaCl solution indicated that the most likely galvanic couple was between HAZ and weld with the HAZ acting as the anode and weld metal as the cathode. Slow scan rate potentiodynamic polarisation measurement of pitting potentials revealed a lower passive current density and a higher pitting potential in the weld region, while the HAZ showed the highest passive current density and the lowest pitting potential. Observation of the material after applying an anodic potential close to the pitting potential of the individual weld parts also confirmed the formation of several stable pits in the HAZ but only a few metastable pits in the weld and parent metal zones. Galvanic coupling using a zero resistance ammeter also showed a higher current density in the weld metal/HAZ as compared with the parent metal/HAZ and parent metal/weld galvanic couples. Although, the current densities in all measurements were in the range of a few to tenths of nanoampere per square centimetre, it can still be concluded that the weld metal/HAZ couple has the highest risk of galvanic corrosion among the three individual galvanic couples.     

钛合金焊缝金属在酸性硫酸铜溶液中的阳极极化行为

针对钛焊区优先腐蚀问题,研究了电子束扫描焊接对钛合金焊缝金属在酸性硫酸铜溶液中阳极极化行为的影响,结果表明,通过改变电子束扫描频率控制焊缝金属凝固组织形态及尺寸,从而控制的焊缝金属的阳极极化行为,找出了焊缝金属与母材相同的阳极极化曲线的最佳匹配,提出了通过控制焊接凝固结晶,使钛合金焊缝金属与母材均等耐腐蚀的新技术。     

EPR法评价HR3C钢焊接接头的晶间腐蚀敏感性

利用电化学动电位再活化法研究了HR3C钢焊接接头的晶间腐蚀敏感性,并通过金相显微镜、X-射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪研究了HR3C钢焊接接头的微观组织.结果表明,HR3C钢焊缝金属和焊接热影响区均为奥氏体+析出相组成,焊接接头具有较低的晶间腐蚀倾向.由于焊缝金属中Cr和Nb等元素含量高及晶界和枝晶界铌、铬元素偏析等原因提高了晶界耐腐蚀性,使其具有优异的抗晶间腐蚀性能;而热影响区由于受焊接热循环作用晶界析出M23C6引起晶界贫铬,具有一定的晶间腐蚀敏感性.     

热输入对3Cr耐候钢MAG焊缝金属组织和性能的影响

采用三种热输入进行3Cr耐候钢MAG焊,借助金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及透射电子显微镜分析了热输入对焊缝金属组织和性能的影响.结果表明,三种热输入焊缝金属组织主要由板条贝氏体、粒状贝氏体和M-A组元组成.随着焊接热输入的增加,焊缝组织中粒状贝氏体含量增加;M-A组元含量增加且尺寸增大.随着热输入的增加,焊缝金属冲击韧性降低.组织粗化、M-A组元含量增加尺寸增大是导致其韧性降低的主要原因.接头不同区域耐蚀性能相当,腐蚀产物主要由α-FeOOH组成.热输入为8~12 kJ,采用所选焊丝焊接高强耐候钢能够获得强韧性、耐蚀性匹配良好的焊接接头.热输入为8 kJ,接头综合性能最佳.     

Effect of CO_2 partial pressure on SCC behavior of welded X80 pipeline in simulated soil solution

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of welded X80 pipeline steel in simulated Ku'erle soil solution was studied by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and slow strain rate tests (SSRT).The microstructure of the welded steel was observed by optical microscopy (OM).It is demonstrated that the microstructure of the weld metal consists of acicular ferrite and grain boundary ferrite,while that of heat affected zone (HAZ) is a mixture of acicular ferrite and bainitic ferrite microconsti...     

130mm铝合金扫描激光填丝焊接头微区组织和性能

针对船用130 mm 5A06铝合金厚壁结构件的扫描激光填丝焊接头,对其焊缝（weld metal,WM）、热影响区（heat affected zone,HAZ）及母材（base metal,BM）的显微组织进行研究,并通过维氏硬度和微型剪切试验研究了接头各区力学性能差异.结果表明,5A06铝合金单激光焊缝以等轴晶为主,填丝焊焊缝以柱状晶为主,HAZ和BM晶粒比WM粗,母材及热影响区为轧制的纤维状组织;由于焊接热循环作用,接头热影响区硬度略高于母材,抗剪强度二者差别不大,单激光焊缝硬度和抗剪强度略高于填丝层.总体而言,焊缝区强度低塑性好,母材及热影响区强度高塑性低.     

Corrosion fatigue crack propagation behavior of A7N01P-T4 aluminum alloy welded joints from high-speed train underframe after 1.8 million km operation

Using the potentiodynamic polarization analysis, the fatigue crack propagation behavior of A7N01P-T4 aluminum alloy metal inert gas welded joints cut from a high-speed train underframe after 1.8 million km operation was studied in air and in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The fracture surface and crack growth path were analyzed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results reveal that the corrosion fatigue crack growth rate of an A7N01P-T4 welded joint in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution is higher than that in air. Furthermore, the corrosion fatigue crack growth rate is noted to be the fastest in the heat-affected zone, followed by the base metal, whereas it is the slowest in the weld metal, which is consistent with the corrosion resistance of the A7N01P-T4 joints. The second phase is observed to exhibit a significant influence on the corrosion fatigue crack propagation path. The cracks are noted to grow toward the soft orientation and have obvious plastic deformation during the propagation process, which indicates that the anodic dissolution is the main cause of the corrosion fatigue crack growth.     

Grooving corrosion in electric resistance welded steel pipe in sea water

The mechanism of grooving corrosion in electric resistance welded (ERW) carbon steel pipe in sea water was investigated. Grooving corrosion is a selective localized corrosion of the weld. Scanning electron microscopic observation revealed that corrosion pits initiated immediately on the MnS inclusions and developed into grooving corrosion with the aid of the macro-cell formed between the anodic narrow weld and cathodic base metal of the pipe. High localized corrosion susceptibility of MnS inclusions in the weld is due to their surrounding S-enriched portions caused by the rapid heating and cooling in welding.     

Micro-electrochemical characterization of corrosion of welded X70 pipeline steel in near-neutral pH solution

The local corrosion behavior of welded X70 pipeline steel in near-neutral pH solution was studied by micro-electrochemical measurements, including scanning vibrating electrode and local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The microstructure of the welded steel was observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It is demonstrated that the microstructure of weld metal consists of acicular ferrite and grain boundary ferrite, while that of heat-affected zone is a mixture of acicular ferrite, bainitic ferrite and a few martensite/austenite microconstituents. The microstructure of base steel is typically ferrite and pearlite. Electrochemical corrosion mechanism of welded X70 steel does not experience change upon hydrogen-charging, or stressing, or both. Hydrogen-charging is capable of enhancing the local anodic dissolution of the steel. The resistance of corrosion product layer decreases with hydrogen-charging, and heat-affected zone has the largest dissolution current upon hydrogen-charging. The increase of applied stress enhanced the anodic dissolution of welded X70 steel, especially the heat-affected zone, in near-neutral pH solution. Maximum current is observed in heat-affected zone, and increases with the increase of applied stresses. The total synergistic effect of hydrogen-charging (10 mA/cm²) and applied stress (550 MPa) on anodic dissolution of welded X70 steel in near-neutral pH solution is determined to be within the range of 5.7 and 6.5, with a maximum value encountering in heat-affected zone.     

CO_3~(2-)-HCO_3~-溶液中X80管线钢焊接接头的应力腐蚀开裂分析

采用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)、扫描电镜(SEM)观察研究了国产X80管线钢焊接接头在0.5mol/LNa2CO3 1mol/LNaHCO3溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)敏感性。结果表明,拉伸试样全部断裂在焊缝或热影响区。在所研究的电位区间,拉伸试样随着外加电位正向增加,断面收缩率、断裂时间和断后伸长率增加,而断口部位的裂纹平均扩展速率减小,SCC敏感性降低。试样断口形貌在阴极电位条件下呈准解理断裂,在自腐蚀电位和阳极电位条件下,焊缝试样断口主要是韧性断裂。应力腐蚀机理可以用阳极溶解理论和氢致破裂来解释。     

Study on the microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of S355JR/316L dissimilar welded joint prepared by gas tungsten arc welding multi-pass welding process

In this study, the joints of dissimilar materials between S355JR carbon steel and 316L stainless steel were welded by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) multi-pass welding process. Characterisations of microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviours of dissimilar joint were investigated. The experimental results reveal that the microstructure of weld metal (WM) is austenite and vermiform δ-ferrite, and they cross-distribute in the weld seam. Moreover, there is a decarburisation layer on the interface of S355JR/WM, but the detrimental phase σ and M₂₃C₆ (chromium carbide) are not observed in the WM through X-ray diffraction. The fracture of the S355JR/316L welded joints always occurs in the S355JR heat affected zone during tensile test. Mechanical properties of the welded joints prepared by GTAW can meet the requirements of engineering application. The electrochemical corrosion test is also indicates that the corrosion resistance of WM decreases compared with the 316L base material. The corrosion products of S355JR/316L dissimilar welded joints in 3.5?wt-% NaCl aqueous solution mainly are α-Fe and FeOOH.