316LN不锈钢管状试样高温高压水的腐蚀疲劳行为

设计了一种管状疲劳试样,高温高压水流经试样内部,试样外部与空气接触。利用管状试样研究了316LN不锈钢高温高压水腐蚀疲劳性能,重点关注了应变速率对其疲劳性能的影响。实验结果表明,高温高压水环境降低了316LN不锈钢的疲劳强度,且疲劳寿命随应变速率降低而降低;管状试样与标准棒状试样获得的疲劳寿命相差不大,表明利用管状试样研究核电结构材料高温高压水环境疲劳性能是合理可行的。在低应变速率条件下,疲劳裂纹源区域为典型的扇形花样,呈现准解理开裂特征。疲劳裂纹扩展区为典型的疲劳辉纹特征。疲劳裂纹萌生阶段高温高压水环境效应更加显著。同时讨论了316LN不锈钢在高温高压水环境中的疲劳损伤机理。     

316LN不锈钢动态再结晶研究

利用Gleeble-1500D热力模拟试验机在850～1250℃,应变速率0.01～10 s-1,变形程度0.91条件下对316LN奥氏体不锈钢进行热压缩变形试验。在真应力应变曲线上没有出现明显应力峰值,金相观察表明,316LN不锈钢在热变形过程中发生了动态再结晶。对实验数据进行拟合,得到316LN不锈钢的热激活能和热变形方程,并给出了发生动态再结晶的临界应变和临界应力以及Zener-Hollomon参数。     

Impression Creep Behavior of 316LN Stainless Steel

Impression creep tests have been carried out at 923 K on 316LN SS containing 0.07, 0.14, and 0.22 wt.% nitrogen, under different applied stress levels. It was observed that the impression creep depth versus time curves were similar to the creep curves obtained from conventional uniaxial creep tests. The impression creep curves were characterized by a loading strain and primary and secondary creep stages similar to uniaxial creep curves. The tertiary stage observed in uniaxial creep curves was absent. The steady-state impression velocity was found to increase with increasing applied stress. The equivalent steady-state creep rates calculated from impression velocities were found to be in good agreement with the steady-state creep rates obtained from conventional uniaxial creep tests. Equivalence between applied stress and steady-state impression velocity with uniaxial creep stress and steady-state creep rate, respectively, has been established based on the laws of mechanics for time-dependent plasticity. It was found that impression velocity was sensitive to the variation in nitrogen content in the steel; impression velocity decreased with increasing nitrogen content, and the results obtained in this study were in agreement with those obtained from uniaxial creep tests.     

Effects of Lead on the Initial Corrosion Behavior of 316LN Stainless Steel in High-Temperature Alkaline Solution

The effect of lead on the initial corrosion behavior of 316 LN stainless steel has been investigated by U-bend immersion experiments in 4 wt% NaOH solutions at 300 °C. Follow-up studies after soaking were carried out by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, Auger electron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that lead affects the properties of the oxide film by changing the thickness and composition, which leads to an increase in the sensitivity of stress corrosion cracking of 316 LN stainless steel. Pits and cracks appeared on the surface of 316 LN stainless steel under both lead-free and lead-containing conditions. The corrosion products were oxides of Fe, Cr and Ni, and the main spinel structure on the surface of the film was NiCr_2O_4 under both conditions. However, in the presence of lead, the cracks and pits were more obvious, the thickness of the film increased from 50 to 200 nm, and the amount of protective NiCr_2O_4 decreased. Lead was concluded to be involved in the dehydration reactions in the form of Pb(OH)_2, which affected the normal dehydration process of the hydroxides and inhibited the formation of spinel structures. Because of the above characteristics of lead, the stability of the oxide film and its protection of 316 LN stainless steel were reduced.     

316LN奥氏体不锈钢亚动态再结晶行为的研究

采用Gleeble-1500D热力模拟试验机，进行了1050℃～1150℃和0．005s^-1～0．1s^-1。应变速率条件下的双道次热压缩试验，研究了316LN奥氏体不锈钢不同温度和应变速率条件下的亚动态再结晶行为。结果表明，随着道次间隔保温时间的延长，316LN奥氏体不锈钢的软化程度增大；随着温度的升高以及应变速率的增加，软化分数迅速增大。通过分析实验数据，得出了316LN奥氏体不锈钢热加工晶粒尺寸预测的亚动态再结晶动力学方程以及晶粒尺寸演变模型。     

pH和Cl~-含量对316LN不锈钢电化学性能的影响

采用动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱研究了316LN不锈钢在不同pH和不同Cl~-浓度的硼酸+氢氧化锂混合溶液中的电化学行为。结果表明,316LN在上述混合溶液中均能形成钝化膜,且都具有较宽的钝化区间;随着pH增大,316LN的点蚀电位升高,维钝电流密度减小,电荷转移电阻增大;随着Cl~-含量增大,316LN的点蚀电位下降,维钝电流密度增大,电荷转移电阻减小。     

针对316LN不锈钢动态再结晶模型的DEFORM二次开发

根据已知的316LN不锈钢的动态再结晶模型,对DEFORM数值模拟软件的微观组织部分进行了二次开发,预测316LN热塑性变形过程中动态再结晶组织的体积分数和晶粒平均尺寸的变化过程,使热塑性变形过程的有限元变形一传热一组织演化耦合分析功能得到了增强。最后得出的模拟结果和实验结果能够很好的吻合,这说明二次开发是成功的,为以后对锻件的组织优化和控制奠定了理论依据。     

VOD工艺生产316LN不锈钢的控制技术

对VOD过程的重要参数和氮合金化过程控制要点等问题进行了讨论,采用30 t EBT+40 t LF+VOD+底吹氮气和氮化铬调氮+Ar气保护浇注的工艺生产316LN超低碳控氮不锈钢,取得良好效果,成分达到标准,并且产品的各项性能均满足技术要求。     

Effects of Different Forging Processes on Microstructure Evolution for 316LN Austenitic Stainless Steel

Forging experiments were designed and carried out on a 3150 kN hydraulic press to investigate the effects of different processes on the microstructure evolution for 316LN steel. The forging processes included single-pass (upsetting) and multipass (stretching) deformations, and the experimental results indicated that the average grain size varied with forging processes. Moreover, the size had distinct differences at different positions in the workpiece. Meanwhile, numerical simulations were implemented to study the influence of temperature, strain, and strain rate on microstructure evolution. The results of experiments and simulations comprehensively demonstrated that dynamic, static, and meta-dynamic recrystallization could coexist in the hot forging process and that the recrystallization process could easily occur under the conditions of higher temperature, larger strain, and higher strain rate. Moreover, the temperature had more significant influence on both recrystallization and grain growth. A higher temperature could not only promote the recrystallization but also speed up the grain growth. Therefore, a lower temperature is beneficial to obtain refinement grains on the premise that the recrystallization can occur completely.     

锻造态316LN不锈钢在模拟压水堆一回路水中的初期氧化行为

利用扫描电镜 (SEM)、X射线光电子谱技术 (XPS)、和X射线衍射 (XRD) 技术,分析了国产锻造态316LNSS在加氢高温高压水中浸泡480 h后表面氧化膜的形貌和化学成分。结果表明,氧化膜最外层主要分布两种不同尺寸的氧化物颗粒,大尺寸氧化物 (~1 mm) 分布较为稀疏,而小尺寸氧化物 (200~300 nm) 分布非常紧密;锻造态316LNSS表面形成外层富Fe、内层富Cr的双层结构氧化膜,外层氧化膜主要由Fe₃O₄和少量氢氧化物 (Ni(OH)₂ 和CrOOH等) 组成,内层氧化膜主要由富Cr尖晶石结构氧化物组成。同时讨论了316LNSS在模拟压水堆一回路水中的氧化机制。     

加热规范对316LN铸态奥氏体不锈钢组织和性能的影响

研究了316LN奥氏体不锈钢在不同温度和不同保温时间下,铁素体的含量、形貌的变化规律以及对力学性能的影响.结果表明:随同溶温度的升高、固溶时间的延长,铁素体的含量逐渐减少,形貌由原来的骨骼状逐渐向比较光滑的圆点状演变,硬度有整体下降的趋势.     

Research on Flow Stress During Hot Deformation Process and Processing Map for 316LN Austenitic Stainless Steel

In this study, the hot deformation behavior of austenitic stainless steel was investigated using Gleeble-3500 thermomechanical simulator at deformation temperatures in the range of 900-1200?°C and strain rates in the range of 0.001-10?s^?1. The effects of initial austenitic grain size and deformation conditions on hot deformation behavior of 316LN were analyzed through true stress-strain curves under different deformation conditions. Both the constitutive equation and processing map for 316LN were obtained. The results show that, with the increase of the deformation temperature and the decrease of the strain rate, the peak stress decreases, and the initial austenitic grain size has a little influence on the peak stress. The relative error between the peak stress values calculated using the constitutive equation and the values measured is less than 10%. Using the processing map, the best hot-working condition for 316LN in the range of experimental deformation parameters appears when T?=?1200?°C and $\dot{\upvarepsilon } = 0.001\,{\text{s}}^{-1}.$      

基于位错密度理论的核级316LN不锈钢高温本构模型

研究了316LN奥氏体不锈钢在1050~1200 ℃、应变速率0.1,1和50 s^-1下的压缩变形行为,分析了变形温度和应变速率对热流曲线的影响。基于位错密度理论,建立了316LN钢的热变形本构模型,并揭示了316LN钢的软化机理。结果表明,在高温低应变速率（小于0.1 s^-1）条件下,动态再结晶（DRX）为主导软化机理;在高温高应变速率（大于1 s^-1）条件下,动态回复（DRV）为主导软化机理;在高温及应变速率为0.1和1 s^-1条件下,DRV和DRX共同作用。构建的模型可以很好地预测316LN钢的热变形行为,其Pearson相关系数为0.9956,平均相对误差绝对值为3.07%,为一个精确的本构模型。     

316L不锈钢钎焊工艺试验

利用镍基混合钎料对316L不锈钢合金进行真空钎焊.通过用扫描电镜和显微硬度计等测试手段,对其钎焊焊缝的微观组织和显微硬度的分析研究,得出316L不锈钢进行真空钎焊时的最佳工艺,其焊缝组织有大量固溶体、几乎没有化合物,硬度适中,焊缝组织性能很好.     

316LN奥氏体不锈钢波动管超声检测无底波原因分析及改善

对316LN奥氏体不锈钢波动管超声检测无底波的原因进行了分析,确定晶粒状态后对锻件进行了均质热处理来改善组织性能,从而有效实施产品超声检测。     

316L不锈钢电化学着黑色研究

目的 调整316L不锈钢表面组成结构,改善表面性能,获得表面着黑色最佳电化学工艺条件。方法 通过电化学方法在除油抛光活化的316L不锈钢表面发生阳极氧化,研究了活化液浓度、阴阳极极板面积比、电解液的硼酸用量、电化学氧化电流密度、终止电压、阳极氧化时间、氧化温度对着色膜颜色效果、结合力、重现性的影响;研究了着黑色不锈钢与未着色不锈钢在酸碱盐水溶液体系中的表面腐蚀性能;探讨了着色条件对着色膜性能的影响及着色机理。结果 磷酸活化液浓度对着色效果影响显著,浓度越高活化的不锈钢板着黑色越纯正,但膜层结合性变差;着色液组成决定着着色膜颜色变化的范围。着色时间是影响着色膜颜色的主要因素,随着色时间的延长,膜层颜色呈现青、黄、红、黑变化。温度是影响着色膜层与不锈钢基材结合紧密程度的主要因素,25 ℃下形成的膜层与基体的结合最为紧密;电极阴阳极面积比是影响着色膜均匀程度的主要因素,阴阳极面积比为1∶1时,着色膜的一致性最好。结论 获得了316L不锈钢着纯正黑色膜层的最佳条件,磷酸活化液浓度为1.5 mol/L,电解着色液组成为30 g/L K2Cr2O7+20 g/L MnSO4.4H2O +40 g/L (NH4)2SO4 +10 g/L H3BO3,阴阳极板对应面积比为1∶1,着色温度为25 ℃,着色电压为2~4 V,阳极电流密度(DA)为0.20 A/dm²,阳极氧化时间为720 s。着黑色不锈钢膜层腐蚀性研究表明在含氯离子的中性水溶液环境中耐腐蚀性明显提高。     

316不锈钢的裂纹扩展性能

从实用出发对3168不锈钢管材进行了热循环下的裂纹扩展试验,试验表明该材料在交变热应力下的裂纹扩展速率缓慢,带裂纹的管道在监督下可以继续运行。     

MgCl2-NaCl-KCl熔盐体系中金属Mg对316H不锈钢的缓蚀性能研究

通过电化学方法结合浸泡腐蚀测试考察了金属Mg对MgCl₂-NaCl-KCl(MNKC)熔盐的净化和腐蚀抑制作用。结果表明,金属Mg的加入量在500μg·g^-1以上时,316H不锈钢在600℃MNKC熔盐中的腐蚀电位Ecorr<-0.80 V vs NiCl₂/Ni,腐蚀电流密度Icorr<25μA/cm²,线性极化电阻Rp>800Ω·cm²,熔盐对316H不锈钢的腐蚀得到显著抑制。并对金属Mg对MNKC熔盐的净化和腐蚀抑制机理进行了探讨。