基于混合决策值的异构无线网络选择算法

针对异构网络环境下网络选择算法中决策值归一化或模糊化中存在的问题,提出了基于混合决策值的异构无线网络接入选择算法。该算法根据用户需求建立垂直切换算法评价指标体系,在此基础上建立混合型决策矩阵和计算一级指标、二级指标的权重,TOPSIS算法选择最优的网络。仿真分析表明,该算法在网络选择的过程中能够综合备选网络的各项指标,选择最优的网络接入,同时也能够满足具有特殊需求的移动台,提高网络吞吐量或减少传输延迟时间。     

异构无线网络接入策略的比较研究

针对目前异构无线网络接入选择算法种类繁多并且功能各异的情况,为了解决异构无线网络中移动终端在任何时间、任何地点进行最优网络接入的问题,该文首先简单介绍了异构无线网络,其次根据优化目标的不同将异构无线网络接入选择算法分为基于决策因素的接入选择算法和基于数学模型的接入选择算法两类,最后分析了目前国内外异构无线网络接入选择算法的研究情况,对现有的异构无线网络接入选择算法在业务类型、用户策略以及网络安全性等方面进行了分析。为选择合适的异构无线网络选择算法提供了有效的依据及借鉴意义。     

基于多网并行传输技术的海上异构网络接入算法

针对海上异构无线网络中网络接入选择算法存在干扰环境适应性不强、单网传输效率低、业务完成率低的问题,提出了一种基于多网并行传输的海上异构网络接入选择算法。该算法在满足多属性决策的基础上,采用效用函数对网络属性值进行数值标准化,再采用改进的逼近理想值排序(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)法计算出备选接入网络方案的排序,最后选择排序靠前的网络进行接入。仿真结果表明该算法相对于传统TOPSIS算法和模拟人工切换算法能有效降低接入成本,改善用户服务质量,提高业务完成率。     

最小最大剩余服务时间的异构网络选择算法

针对异构网络环境中的接入网选择问题,使用李雅普诺夫优化理论对网络进行建模,并提出了使不同接入网络的剩余服务时间差异最小的选择算法。该算法在保证网络稳定的基础上,在长时间尺度内降低了网络的阻塞率。仿真表明,该算法可以提高网络的利用率,降低用户被拒绝的概率。     

一种多属性决策的异构网络选择算法

针对异构网络融合环境下的网络选择不能仅依靠物理信号强度的特点,利用多属性决策理论提出了一种异构网络选择算法。该算法考虑业务要求、用户喜好以及网络差异,通过层次分析法和熵值法确定网络属性的权重,并由此计算可得网络性能,选出最优网络。仿真结果表明,此算法可以准确选择接入网络,并当用户在网络边缘做兵乓运动时有效减小切换次数,降低丢包率。     

基于动态多目标决策的异构环境QoS策略

在未来的移动通信网络中,多种异构的接入网络并存将成为普遍的情况,因此需要根据接入网络与终端当前状况及当前业务需求,动态地为用户提供最佳接入网络选择。提出了一种基于动态信息多目标决策的异构网络选择算法,通过综合考虑以上信息,保证了用户的QoS需求。     

基于5G无人机通信的多智能体异构网络选择方法

摘 要：5G无人机通信网络和各种不同无线接入技术的结合使无线异构网络呈现多样化的发展趋势。然而，用户繁多且不同的业务请求对网络要求也不同，造成网络接入选择问题。提出了一种基于5G无人机通信的多智能体异构网络选择方法，将用户分为多个智能体，从用户端和网络端两个方面出发，将用户侧的时延和传输速率需求与网络侧的负载均衡需求综合考虑作为即时回报的相关参数，通过基于Nash Q-Learning的算法进行学习，得到异构网络环境下的网络选择决策模型。仿真结果表明，所提异构网络选择方法针对不同业务类型用户的需求均能选择合适的网络，同时均衡网络的负载，充分利用异构无线网络的资源。     

基于主客观权重的异构网络选择算法

为解决在异构网络环境选择最佳的接入网络问题,提出一种结合综合赋权的异构网络选择算法。在用户端采用层次分析法判断用户偏好,在网络端采用基于指标相关性的客观赋权法判断网络客观状态,并结合基于离差极小化的综合赋权法得到最终权重,同时运用理想值近似排序法进行网络排序,接入最佳网络。基于Matlab的仿真结果表明,该方法能根据不同业务结合网络性能及用户需求选择最佳的接入网络,减少了频繁切换,提高了网络选择结果的合理性与有效性。     

基于多门限预留机制的自适应带宽分配算法

针对异构无线网络融合环境提出了一种基于多门限预留机制的自适应带宽分配算法,从而为多业务提供QoS保证。该算法采用多宿主传输机制,通过预设各个网络中不同业务的带宽分配门限,并基于各个网络中不同业务和用户的带宽分配矩阵,根据业务k支持的传输速率等级需求和网络状态的变化,将自适应带宽分配问题转化为一个动态优化问题并采用迭代方法来求解,在得到各个网络中不同业务和用户优化的带宽分配矩阵的同时,在带宽预留门限和网络容量的约束条件下实现网络实时吞吐量的最大化,以提高整个异构网络带宽的利用效率。数值仿真结果显示,所提算法能够支持满足QoS需求的传输速率等级,减小了新用户接入异构网络的阻塞概率,提高了平均用户接入率并将网络吞吐量最大提高40%。     

泛在网络中的等效频谱带宽概念及其在异构网络切换中的应用

未来无线通信系统将融合多种异构无线接入网络以提供泛在业务。为了表达用户在不同系统中占用的资源,为异构无线网络提出了等效带宽的概念,在此基础上将等效带宽用到异构网络切换控制中,同时将马尔科夫决策过程引入切换算法。仿真结果表明本算法相对于门限切换法有较好的期望收益。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.