基于小波变换和随机共振的微弱信号检测方法

根据随机共振的噪声选择性和频率敏感特性,提出了基于小波变换和随机共振的微弱信号检测方法.对含噪输入信号经多尺度小波变换分解为不同尺度频率的信号成分后,通过引入尺度收缩因子来调节各尺度信号成分的大小,再将不同尺度的分解信号作为双稳系统的输入,研究了不同尺度频率信号经收缩因子作用后对系统输出信噪比的影响.数值仿真结果表明,选取合适的尺度收缩因子,能有效提高系统输出的信噪比.     

阵列调制随机共振在微弱信号特征提取方面的应用

论述了阵列调制随机共振方法在强噪声背景下多频微弱信号特征提取中的工作原理和实现步骤;采用预先设定系统参数的多个并联非耦合随机共振单元形成阵列,将被测强噪声背景下的多频微弱信号分别与不同频率的载波进行调制,生成多个差频均为0.01Hz的信号作为各对应随机共振单元的激励信号,采用龙格-库塔算法求取各单元输出并进行频谱分析,根据0.01Hz处的信噪比判断在微弱信号中是否存在载波频率与差频值之和大小的频率分量,最后综合各个随机共振单元的检测结果生成微弱信号的频率特征向量;仿真结果表明,阵列调制随机共振在微弱信号特征提取方面效果明显,具有很好的应用前景。     

调参随机共振在超高频微弱信号检测中的应用

针对经典随机共振（SR）理论只适用于小参数,在提取高频微弱信号失效而无法使用的问题,提出一种调参随机共振检测高频率微弱信号的方法。首先,推导出双稳系统中阻尼系数与信号频率的关系,并以Kramers逃逸速率为分析手段,讨论阻尼系数变化对系统发生随机共振的影响;然后,分析了系统形状参数对系统产生随机共振现象的影响,通过联合调整阻尼系数和系统参数实现了大频率微弱信号的检测,并讨论了不同采样频率与调参系统输出频谱特性的影响,验证了该方法在低采样率下仍具有较强的稳定性;最后,以通用软件无线电设备（USRP）接收的无线电带噪信号作为系统的输入进行仿真。实验结果表明,利用该调参随机共振策略能够稳定有效地检测出强噪声背景下的超高频微弱信号,信号频率可达到MHz、GHz,拓展了随机共振原理的微弱信号检测的应用领域。     

基于耦合随机共振的涡街信号检测方法研究

涡街流量计在工业现场使用时,输出信号中会叠加噪声信号。涡街信号容易被噪声淹没,使小流量测量受限。近年来,基于非线性理论的随机共振(SR)方法为微弱信号检测提供了新途径。非线性系统设计及参数确定是其成功应用的关键。提出了一种基于遗传算法的耦合随机共振系统优化控制方法。对耦合系数、控制系统参数以及变换尺度3个参数进行并行优化,提高了输出信号的功率谱幅值,增强了对微弱信号的检测能力。理论分析和数值仿真结果表明:该方法能够自适应地对不同频率周期信号进行处理,快速搜索到参数最优值。将该方法用于小流量涡街信号分析,能够在信号微弱、噪声强的情况下有效提取涡街信号的特征频率,并获取流量值。该研究成果适用于其他涉及强噪声中微弱信号检测领域,对拓宽随机共振应用范围、解决工程实际问题具有重要意义。     

基于EEMD和变尺度随机共振的轴承故障诊断

提出了一种基于集合平均经验模式分解(EEMD)和变尺度随机共振(STSR)的滚动轴承故障提取方法.首先通过EEMD对含噪振动信号进行自适应抗混分解,得到不同频带的本征模态函数(IMF);然后将不同频带的IMF作为双稳系统的输入,通过变步长数值算法和调节非线性双稳系统的结构参数来提取微弱低频故障特征信号;最后运用切片双谱对双稳系统的输出进行后处理.仿真分析验证了STSR的特性,通过对强噪声背景下的滚动轴承实测信号分析表明,该方法充分利用高斯白噪声,能有效提取滚动轴承微弱故障特征.     

基于小波分解和Duffing振子的变尺度微弱信号检测

传统的时频分析方法在对周期性微弱信号进行检测时,提取的信息具有信噪比不高的缺点,从而影响了检测效果,为此,利用Duffing振子混沌系统对噪声的强免疫力的特征,提出了一种基于小波分解和混沌阵子的混合微弱信号检测方法;首先,采用小波变换对信号进行分解,通过小波变换的平滑作用实现对含噪微弱信号的离散处理,并设计了一种根据阈值来确定分解层数的方法,然后将降噪后的重构信号作为Duffing阵子的周期驱动力并入混沌系统,采用混沌Duffing阵子阵列实现在强噪声背景下的微弱信号检测,并提出了一种临界状态策动力幅值和初始相位的自适应确定方法;在Matlab7仿真环境下进行实验,结果表明:文中方法能有效地对湮没在强噪声下的微弱信息进行检测,具有信号检测信噪比高,重构信号频率较其它方法更接近于真实频率,具有较强的可行性。     

基于伪哈密顿量的变尺度Duffing振子弱信号检测

针对强噪声背景中微弱工程信号检测问题,在传统检测方法基础上,提出了基于伪哈密顿量的变尺度Duffing振子弱信号检测方法。待测高频工程信号经尺度变换为固定低频信号,从而唯一确定了相变阈值,并克服了传统方法中低频参数信号的限制。搭建自相关和小波阈值变换联合去噪系统,避免了噪声对检测结果的不利影响。构造Duffing系统伪哈密顿量实时地表征系统动力学行为,解决了定量判断系统状态时计算量大、效率低的难题。仿真测试表明,该检测方法可以快速检测任意频率、任意相位的低信噪比周期信号,改善了湮没在强噪声下的微弱信号检测技术。     

一种基于非周期随机共振的微弱信号检测方法

随机共振滤波器能够在强噪声背景中跟踪微弱信号(非周期或周期信号)波形,并将幅度放大,这正好弥补了匹配滤波器在强噪声背景下检测性能的严重不足。本文给出了FHN随机共振的简化模型及计算方法,在深入分析FHN随机共振模型参数对其滤波性能影响的基础上,结合随机共振滤波器和匹配滤波器,提出了一种基于FHN随机共振模型检测确知信号的方法。首先将接收信号经FHN随机共振滤波器进行滤波,再进行匹配滤波,最后将滤波结果和门限进行比较判断信号是否存在。经过实验验证,该方法具有较好的效果。     

调频随机共振实现大参数信号检测

针对传统随机共振只适用于检测低频信号的约束,提出用被测信号和背景噪声调制频率的方法,实现在大参数情况下从强噪声中检测微弱信号.分析了调频信号的频谱,理论分析和数值仿真表明:此方法能降低噪声的有效强度,调频信号中含有的低频分量能产生明显的随机共振.     

基于随机共振理论的汽轮机碰磨故障检测

本文采用随机共振(SR)理论对淹没在强噪声背景下微弱故障信号进行了检测.讨论分析了双稳态系统参数选取不同时,对输出信噪比的影响,并将该方法成功应用于汽轮发电机组碰磨早期故障诊断中.大量仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.