KM序列用作RAKE型CDMA系统扩频码的分析

本文提出将KM 序列用作RAKE型CDMA系统的扩频码.基于一个RAKE接收机模型,分析了CDMA系统性能并提出了适于作RAKE型CDMA系统扩频码的PN序列的特性.接着,分析了KM 序列作RAKE型CDMA系统扩频码的优劣.最后,运用计算机仿真,比较了m序列和KM 序列的互相关特性以及在相干接收机和RAKE接收机下,这两种序列和Gold序列对应的系统平均误码率,从而证实了KM 序列作为扩频码的可行性.     

KM序列用作RAKE型CDMA系统扩频码的分析

本文提出将KM M序列用作RAKE型CDMA系统的扩频码 .基于一个RAKE接收机模型 ,分析了CDMA系统性能并提出了适于作RAKE型CDMA系统扩频码的PN序列的特性 .接着 ,分析了KM M序列作RAKE型CDMA系统扩频码的优劣 .最后 ,运用计算机仿真 ,比较了m序列和KM M序列的互相关特性以及在相干接收机和RAKE接收机下 ,这两种序列和Gold序列对应的系统平均误码率 ,从而证实了KM M序列作为扩频码的可行性     

基于FFT的DSSS序列偶捕获

在直接序列扩频通信中,接收端采用PN码进行解扩,所以PN码的选取十分重要,而序列偶就是一种PN码,可以用于猝发式直扩系统扩频解扩。采用基于FFT的伪码捕获技术,使用Matlab仿真实现DSSS系统中序列偶同步;通过对比序列偶与GOLD码和m序列,得到序列偶自相关性能优于GOLD码,当系统处于较大正弦波干扰时,它的误码率性能优于其他的PN码。高扩频比优于低扩频比,当信噪比大于8dB时,误码率低于10^-3以下,扩频增益越大,误码率越低。     

Hadamard扩谱及CDMA的研究

在MATLAB平台上,对直接序列扩频系统进行仿真分析.系统采用Hadamard序列作为扩频码,对系统在平坦衰落和瑞利衰落信道环境下的误码率进行分析,讨论了扩频、解扩过程.此外,还仿真比较了不同用户数和不同扩频码的系统,为分析设计直扩系统提供依据.仿真结果表明,本实验系统可在SNR为-1.6dB的传输条件下得到10-3量级的误码率,Hadamard序列可用作扩频序列,系统可用作检验各种正交码组的正交性.     

OCDMA系统中二维变重光正交码的设计及性能分析

以单重合序列作为波长跳频序列,严格变重光正交码作为时间扩频序列,构造一种新的跳频/扩时二维变重光正交码。对所构造二维码的自相关和互相关性能进行了详细地分析,得出互相关均值的表达式,并对该二维地址码的多址干扰误码率进行了仿真比较和理论分析。结果表明,确定严格变重光正交码的参数和单重合序列的长度,增加波长数会增加码字容量并会降低系统的误码率;确定单重合序列的参数和严格变重光正交码的码重和码字个数,增加码长将降低系统的误码率。     

Logistic-Map混沌序列作为扩频码的研究

对有限长度Logistic-Map混沌序列的相关特性进行了分析,与实际应用扩频序列的相关特性进行了比较。并对分别采用二种扩频序列时的系统容量进行比较,证明了Logistic-Map混沌序列用作扩频码的可行性。     

基于IIR滤波器的最佳混沌扩频序列设计

在标准高斯近似条件下,以最小化系统平均多址干扰方差为准则,推导出了A-CDMA系统最佳扩频序列的部分自相关函数形式;并提出了通用的最佳混沌扩频序列设计方法,即利用数字IIR滤波器滤波混沌序列产生最佳混沌扩频序列。仿真结果表明,这种方法产生的序列性能明显优于纯随机序列和Gold序列。     

二维光码分多址的地址码及干扰估计接收机

阐述了自相关旁瓣为0，互相关值小于等于1的二维光正交码(2D-OOC)的新构造方法及非同步频域跳频时域扩频二维光码分多址(2D-OCDMA)系统中的干扰估计接收机模型。二维光正交码的新构造方法以两个单极性码分别作为频域跳频模式和时域扩频模式。用作频域跳频模式的地址码是自相关旁瓣及互相关值小于等于1的一维光正交码(1D-OOC)，用作时域扩频模式的地址码其码长为素数或码长与码中任意两个非零码元的位置差值互质。将一个没有分配给任何用户并且和接收用户地址码正交的地址码用作干扰估计码来得到多用户干扰(MUI)估计值，从而得到最佳的判决门限。系统误码率(BER)的分析显示干扰估计接收机系统的性能要优于传统的接收机系统。     

一种新的二维光正交码及其性能分析

以光正交码(OOC)作为时间扩频序列,以单重合序列(OCS)作为波长跳频序列,构造了一种新的二维光正交码,即光正交码/单重合序列。与其他二维光正交码相比,光正交码/单重合序列的波长数并不局限于素数或素数幂,可以是任意整数,不仅构造灵活,而且可充分利用多波长光码分多址(MW OCDMA)系统的有效波长数。分析了光正交码/单重合序列码字的自相关和互相关性能,并得到了其互相关均值的具体表达式。最后,针对多波长光码分多址不同的系统参数,对不同参数的光正交码/单重合序列码字性能进行了分析和讨论:1)给定单重合序列参数和光正交码的码重,增加码长将降低光码分多址系统误码率;2)给定光正交码的参数和单重合序列的码长,增加波长数将降低光码分多址系统误码率。     

一种基于分类搜索的Gold误码修正算法

扩频系统侦察对抗时,在低信噪比下估计得到的扩频码存在严重误码,会影响信号解扩解调质量.通过Gold码与其对应m序列优选对的基本特性结合互相关函数特征,提出了一种严格的Gold码分类,并得出一种基于分类搜索的误码修正算法,通过比较待测Gold码与各类样本Gold码互相关函数的三值分布特性,可以快速搜索准确定位到正确的Gold码,实现误码完全修正.当Gold码的误码率不高于11%时,算法可实现对误码的完全修正,能有效降低扩频信号盲处理的信噪比门限.     

Analysis of KMM¯ Sequences as Spreading Codes for A-CDMA Systems

In this paper, the KMM¯ sequence (i.e., a clock-controlledsequence) is presented as a new spreading code for A-CDMA (Asynchronous CDMA)systems. The conditions, which PN sequence as spreading codes should satisfy,are given on the basis of an A-CDMA system model. The properties ofKMM¯ sequences are described and their feasibility as thespreading codes for an A-CDMA system are analysed. The computer simulationcompares the cross-correlation of m-sequence and KMM¯ sequenceto prove the good cross-correlation property of KMM¯ sequence.Numerical results show the impact of the m-sequence and the KMM¯sequence on the system performance, as well as the differences betweenm-sequences and KMM¯ sequences under different user number andprocessing gain for A-CDMA system.     

Improving performance of DS-CDMA systems using chaotic complex Bernoulli spreading codes

The most important goal of spreading spectrum communication system is to protect communication signals against interference and exploitation of information by unintended listeners. In fact, low probability of detection and low probability of intercept are two important parameters to increase the performance of the system. In Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) systems, these properties are achieved by multiplying the data information in spreading sequences. Chaotic sequences, with their particular properties, have numerous applications in constructing spreading codes. Using one-dimensional Bernoulli chaotic sequence as spreading code is proposed in literature previously. The main feature of this sequence is its negative auto-correlation at lag of 1, which with proper design, leads to increase in efficiency of the communication system based on these codes. On the other hand, employing the complex chaotic sequences as spreading sequence also has been discussed in several papers. In this paper, use of two-dimensional Bernoulli chaotic sequences is proposed as spreading codes. The performance of a multi-user synchronous and asynchronous DS-CDMA system will be evaluated by applying these sequences under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and fading channel. Simulation results indicate improvement of the performance in comparison with conventional spreading codes like Gold codes as well as similar complex chaotic spreading sequences. Similar to one-dimensional Bernoulli chaotic sequences, the proposed sequences also have negative auto-correlation. Besides, construction of complex sequences with lower average cross-correlation is possible with the proposed method.     

A comparison of trellis coded versus convolutionally codedspread-spectrum multiple-access systems

A system model is proposed that allows one to apply both trellis coding and PN spreading sequence to the data symbols to be transmitted. Rate n/n+1, trellis codes using 2ⁿ⁺¹-point MPSK signal constellations are investigated when Gold sequences are used for PN spreading. Performance in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is investigated, with 5-20 users transmitting simultaneously. Using the criteria of equal complexity and throughput, the performance of the trellis codes in a SSMA (spread spectrum multiple access) environment is compared to that of medium-rate to low-rate convolutional codes through the use of a generalized transfer function bound. The average degradation due to the interuser interference is determined by the method of moments. The validity of approximating the interuser interference as a Gaussian random variable is also investigated. The numerical results illustrate that for a given complexity, chip rate and throughput, low-rate convolutional codes provide the best performance in an SSMA system. As lower-rate convolutional codes are used, there is an increase in the effective interuser interference due to the greater cross-correlation effects from using shorter PN sequences, or alternatively from the effects of partial cross-correlation. However, this increased degradation is more than overcome by the increased distance properties of the low-rate codes     

Performance evaluation of DS-CDMA systems on multipath propagationchannels with multilevel spreading sequences and RAKE receivers

Performance of small-cell wireless direct sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems with multilevel spreading sequences is investigated. An analytical methodology to evaluate both outage probability and mean bit error probability is presented; and its results are compared to those obtained with a semianalytical Monte Carlo based approach. Multipath propagation, the exact correlation properties of spreading codes, and both the simple correlator and RAKE receivers are taken into account in the analysis, which is oriented to asynchronous and synchronous environments. The spreading sequences investigated include multilevel sequences with complex isomorphic mapping, as well as some well-known two-level sequences. The numerical results show the impact of multilevel sequences on system performance, the improvements found in the absence of multiple access interference by using them rather than binary sequences, and the agreement between analytical and semianalytical evaluation     

Error Performance of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Systems on Non-Selective Fading Channels

The effects of fading on the performance of a spread spectrum multiple-access communication system using direct sequence modulation are investigated. General series expansions are developed for the average probability of error and specific results are given for the irreducible error rate associated with propagation over independent Rician fading channels or correlated Rayleigh fading channels. Simple single-term approximations for the irreducible error rate, which are proportional to the second moment of the cross-correlation between the spreading codes employed by the users, are derived for these cases.     

Channel interference reduction using random Manchester codes forboth synchronous and asynchronous fiber-optic CDMA systems

We propose the random Manchester codes (RMC) to improve the bit error probability (BEP) performance in both synchronous and asynchronous fiber-optic code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. The spreading sequences used in the synchronous and asynchronous systems are modified prime sequence codes and optical orthogonal codes (OOCs), respectively. Thermal noise, shot noise, and avalanche photodiode (APD) bulk and surface leakage currents are taken into consideration in the BEP analyzes. The results show that the proposed systems can support a larger number of simultaneous users than other systems with similar system complexity under the same bit-error probability constraint